GITNUXREPORT 2026

Downstream Energy Industry Statistics

The downstream energy industry showed contrasting regional growth and strong refining margins in 2022.

111 statistics6 sections8 min readUpdated 1 mo ago

Key Statistics

Statistic 1

Global downstream revenue reached $4.2 trillion in 2022.

Statistic 2

U.S. downstream sector market size was $1.1 trillion in 2022.

Statistic 3

Global refining margins in Singapore averaged $8.50/bbl in 2022.

Statistic 4

ExxonMobil downstream earnings were $16.8 billion in 2022.

Statistic 5

Shell's downstream segment profit hit $24.4 billion in 2022.

Statistic 6

Global gasoline retail margin averaged 15 cents/gallon in 2022.

Statistic 7

U.S. refiner acquisition cost of crude (RAC) averaged $95/bbl in 2022.

Statistic 8

BP downstream trading and supply profit was $19.2 billion in 2022.

Statistic 9

World downstream M&A deals totaled $120 billion in 2022.

Statistic 10

Chevron downstream earnings rose 150% to $10.8 billion in 2022.

Statistic 11

Global fuel retail market size was $2.8 trillion in 2022.

Statistic 12

U.S. gasoline wholesale rack price averaged $3.10/gal in 2022.

Statistic 13

TotalEnergies downstream results were €35.6 billion in 2022.

Statistic 14

Global crack spreads (3:2:1) averaged $25/bbl in 2022.

Statistic 15

Phillips 66 downstream adjusted earnings $8.1 billion in 2022.

Statistic 16

Europe fuel retail turnover grew 25% in 2022 due to prices.

Statistic 17

U.S. downstream capex was $45 billion in 2022.

Statistic 18

Global petrochemical prices rose 20% on average in 2022.

Statistic 19

Marathon Petroleum downstream income $18.4 billion in 2022.

Statistic 20

Global CO2 emissions from refining were 1.2 Gt in 2022.

Statistic 21

U.S. refineries emitted 180 million metric tons CO2 in 2022.

Statistic 22

Europe's refineries reduced SOx emissions by 70% since 2005.

Statistic 23

Global biofuel blending in gasoline reached 12% average in 2022.

Statistic 24

U.S. refinery sulfur content in diesel <10 ppm for 95% output in 2022.

Statistic 25

China imposed Tier 3 gasoline standards nationwide in 2023.

Statistic 26

Global flaring from downstream operations was 140 bcm in 2022.

Statistic 27

EU ETS covered 40% of refinery emissions with 25% reduction target by 2030.

Statistic 28

U.S. renewable diesel production hit 3 billion gallons in 2022.

Statistic 29

India's BS-VI fuel standards reduced NOx by 50% from refineries since 2020.

Statistic 30

Global refinery water usage averaged 0.3 barrels per barrel processed in 2022.

Statistic 31

California's Low Carbon Fuel Standard drove 20% renewable content in diesel 2022.

Statistic 32

World downstream methane emissions estimated at 20 Mt in 2022.

Statistic 33

Singapore refineries achieved 99% sulfur recovery rate in 2022.

Statistic 34

U.S. EPA fined refineries $150 million for violations in 2022.

Statistic 35

Global low-sulfur fuel oil demand post-IM O2020 was 3.8 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 36

Europe's refineries invested €10 billion in green hydrogen by 2030 plans.

Statistic 37

U.S. RFS mandated 20.94 billion gallons biofuels in transport 2022.

Statistic 38

Global pipeline network for refined products spans 250,000 km in U.S. alone.

Statistic 39

U.S. gasoline pipeline throughput averaged 7.5 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 40

World's largest fuel storage hub, Singapore, holds 60 mb capacity.

Statistic 41

U.S. has 150 refineries operating 2023.

Statistic 42

Global tanker fleet for clean products was 1,200 vessels in 2022.

Statistic 43

India's product pipeline length is 18,000 km in 2023.

Statistic 44

U.S. Colonial Pipeline capacity 2.5 mb/d gasoline/diesel.

Statistic 45

Europe has 12,000 gasoline stations per million people.

Statistic 46

Global LNG trucking for peak shaving reached 5% of supply.

Statistic 47

U.S. rail carloads of petroleum products 1.2 million in 2022.

Statistic 48

China's refined product exports via pipelines to Europe started 2023.

Statistic 49

Global fuel retail outlets number 1.2 million in 2022.

Statistic 50

U.S. truck transport of refined products 2 mb/d equivalent.

Statistic 51

Middle East product export terminals handled 5 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 52

Europe's inland barge transport 0.8 mb/d products.

Statistic 53

U.S. PADD 1 gasoline imports by barge/pipeline 0.5 mb/d.

Statistic 54

Global VLCC product tankers utilization 85% in 2022.

Statistic 55

Global petrochemical production capacity for ethylene was 200 million tons in 2022.

Statistic 56

U.S. ethylene production capacity reached 28 million metric tons per year (mmtpa) in 2023.

Statistic 57

China's petrochemical capacity for paraxylene (PX) was 32 mmtpa in 2022.

Statistic 58

Global propylene capacity grew to 120 mmtpa in 2022.

Statistic 59

Middle East ethylene crackers accounted for 15% of global capacity at 30 mmtpa in 2022.

Statistic 60

U.S. Gulf Coast added 2.5 mmtpa ethylene capacity from new projects in 2022-2023.

Statistic 61

Europe's petrochemical output fell 8% in 2022 to 45 million tons.

Statistic 62

Global benzene production capacity was 55 mmtpa in 2022.

Statistic 63

India's petrochemical capacity utilization was 75% for polymers in FY2022.

Statistic 64

Saudi Arabia's SABIC ethylene capacity is 4.5 mmtpa post-expansion.

Statistic 65

Global polyethylene capacity reached 105 mmtpa in 2022.

Statistic 66

U.S. polypropylene production capacity was 8.2 mmtpa in 2023.

Statistic 67

China's methanol capacity hit 100 mmtpa in 2022.

Statistic 68

Global aromatics capacity grew 3% to 140 mmtpa in 2022.

Statistic 69

Europe’s polymer production was 28 mmt in 2022, down 5%.

Statistic 70

U.S. benzene capacity utilization averaged 88% in 2022.

Statistic 71

Global polystyrene capacity was 25 mmtpa in 2022.

Statistic 72

Middle East FDI in petrochemicals reached $50 billion in capacity investments by 2022.

Statistic 73

World gasoline demand was 26.3 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 74

U.S. gasoline consumption averaged 8.8 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 75

China's diesel demand peaked at 4.5 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 76

Global jet fuel demand recovered to 7.1 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 77

Europe's road diesel consumption was 12 million bpd in 2022.

Statistic 78

U.S. distillate fuel oil consumption hit 4.1 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 79

India’s LPG consumption grew 8% to 1.2 mb/d in FY2022.

Statistic 80

Global naphtha demand for petrochemicals was 6.8 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 81

Brazil's gasoline demand was 1.1 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 82

U.S. jet fuel consumption rebounded 40% to 1.6 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 83

Global heating oil demand declined 2% to 3.5 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 84

China's gasoline demand was 3.3 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 85

Europe's gasoline consumption fell 4% to 3.2 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 86

Global asphalt demand was 4.2 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 87

U.S. residual fuel oil use dropped to 0.9 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 88

India's diesel consumption was 2.1 mb/d in FY2022.

Statistic 89

Global LPG demand rose 3% to 11.5 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 90

U.S. retail gasoline sales volume was 135 billion gallons in 2022.

Statistic 91

World petrochemical feedstock demand grew 2.5% to 45 mb/d oil equivalent in 2022.

Statistic 92

Global refining capacity stood at 102.5 million barrels per day (mb/d) in 2022, up 1.2% from 2021.

Statistic 93

U.S. refinery capacity was 18.4 million bpd operable atmospheric crude distillation capacity as of January 1, 2023.

Statistic 94

China's refining capacity increased to 18.4 mb/d in 2022, making it the world's largest refiner.

Statistic 95

Europe’s refining capacity declined by 0.8 mb/d between 2017 and 2022 due to closures.

Statistic 96

India's refining capacity reached 5.1 mb/d in 2022, with expansions adding 0.3 mb/d.

Statistic 97

Middle East refining capacity grew by 1.1 mb/d from 2017-2022 to 9.2 mb/d.

Statistic 98

U.S. refinery utilization rate averaged 91% in 2022.

Statistic 99

Saudi Arabia's refining capacity was 3.4 mb/d in 2022, including joint ventures.

Statistic 100

Global refinery throughput was 81.2 mb/d in 2022, recovering from COVID impacts.

Statistic 101

Russia's refining capacity stood at 5.5 mb/d in 2022, affected by sanctions.

Statistic 102

Southeast Asia's refining capacity was 4.8 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 103

U.S. Gulf Coast refinery capacity accounted for 50% of national total at 9.2 mb/d in 2023.

Statistic 104

Global new refinery projects added 0.9 mb/d capacity between 2020-2022.

Statistic 105

Japan's refining capacity fell to 3.5 mb/d in 2022 from closures.

Statistic 106

South Korea's refining capacity was 3.1 mb/d in 2022.

Statistic 107

U.S. refinery crude distillation capacity utilization hit 93% in Q4 2022.

Statistic 108

Iran's refining capacity was 2.4 mb/d in 2022, with underutilization.

Statistic 109

Global refining margins averaged $12/bbl in 2022, highest in decade.

Statistic 110

Europe's largest refinery, Leuna in Germany, has 12.4 million tons/year capacity.

Statistic 111

U.S. PADD 3 (Gulf Coast) had 92% utilization rate in 2022.

Sources
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Ryan Townsend

Written by Ryan Townsend·Edited by Priyanka Sharma·Fact-checked by Nicholas Chambers

Published Feb 13, 2026·Last verified Mar 30, 2026
Fact-checked via 4-step process
01Primary Source Collection

Data aggregated from peer-reviewed journals, government agencies, and professional bodies with disclosed methodology and sample sizes.

02Editorial Curation

Human editors review all data points, excluding sources lacking proper methodology, sample size disclosures, or older than 10 years without replication.

03AI-Powered Verification

Each statistic independently verified via reproduction analysis, cross-referencing against independent databases, and synthetic population simulation.

04Human Cross-Check

Final human editorial review of all AI-verified statistics. Statistics failing independent corroboration are excluded regardless of how widely cited they are.

Read our full methodology →

Statistics that fail independent corroboration are excluded.

While the world's refining capacity quietly surpassed 102 million barrels per day in 2022, a seismic shift was underway beneath the surface as China dethroned the United States to become the planet's largest refiner, signaling a dramatic realignment in the global downstream energy landscape.

Key Takeaways

  • Global refining capacity stood at 102.5 million barrels per day (mb/d) in 2022, up 1.2% from 2021.
  • U.S. refinery capacity was 18.4 million bpd operable atmospheric crude distillation capacity as of January 1, 2023.
  • China's refining capacity increased to 18.4 mb/d in 2022, making it the world's largest refiner.
  • Global petrochemical production capacity for ethylene was 200 million tons in 2022.
  • U.S. ethylene production capacity reached 28 million metric tons per year (mmtpa) in 2023.
  • China's petrochemical capacity for paraxylene (PX) was 32 mmtpa in 2022.
  • World gasoline demand was 26.3 mb/d in 2022.
  • U.S. gasoline consumption averaged 8.8 mb/d in 2022.
  • China's diesel demand peaked at 4.5 mb/d in 2022.
  • Global downstream revenue reached $4.2 trillion in 2022.
  • U.S. downstream sector market size was $1.1 trillion in 2022.
  • Global refining margins in Singapore averaged $8.50/bbl in 2022.
  • Global CO2 emissions from refining were 1.2 Gt in 2022.
  • U.S. refineries emitted 180 million metric tons CO2 in 2022.
  • Europe's refineries reduced SOx emissions by 70% since 2005.

The downstream energy industry showed contrasting regional growth and strong refining margins in 2022.

Economics and Markets

1Global downstream revenue reached $4.2 trillion in 2022.
Verified
2U.S. downstream sector market size was $1.1 trillion in 2022.
Verified
3Global refining margins in Singapore averaged $8.50/bbl in 2022.
Verified
4ExxonMobil downstream earnings were $16.8 billion in 2022.
Verified
5Shell's downstream segment profit hit $24.4 billion in 2022.
Directional
6Global gasoline retail margin averaged 15 cents/gallon in 2022.
Single source
7U.S. refiner acquisition cost of crude (RAC) averaged $95/bbl in 2022.
Verified
8BP downstream trading and supply profit was $19.2 billion in 2022.
Verified
9World downstream M&A deals totaled $120 billion in 2022.
Verified
10Chevron downstream earnings rose 150% to $10.8 billion in 2022.
Verified
11Global fuel retail market size was $2.8 trillion in 2022.
Single source
12U.S. gasoline wholesale rack price averaged $3.10/gal in 2022.
Verified
13TotalEnergies downstream results were €35.6 billion in 2022.
Verified
14Global crack spreads (3:2:1) averaged $25/bbl in 2022.
Directional
15Phillips 66 downstream adjusted earnings $8.1 billion in 2022.
Single source
16Europe fuel retail turnover grew 25% in 2022 due to prices.
Verified
17U.S. downstream capex was $45 billion in 2022.
Directional
18Global petrochemical prices rose 20% on average in 2022.
Directional
19Marathon Petroleum downstream income $18.4 billion in 2022.
Verified

Economics and Markets Interpretation

The downstream oil sector spent 2022 expertly navigating the chaos it helped create, proving that while the world fretted over volatile energy prices, it was busily minting trillion-dollar revenues and refining the art of turning crude into staggering profits.

Environment and Regulation

1Global CO2 emissions from refining were 1.2 Gt in 2022.
Verified
2U.S. refineries emitted 180 million metric tons CO2 in 2022.
Verified
3Europe's refineries reduced SOx emissions by 70% since 2005.
Verified
4Global biofuel blending in gasoline reached 12% average in 2022.
Verified
5U.S. refinery sulfur content in diesel <10 ppm for 95% output in 2022.
Verified
6China imposed Tier 3 gasoline standards nationwide in 2023.
Single source
7Global flaring from downstream operations was 140 bcm in 2022.
Verified
8EU ETS covered 40% of refinery emissions with 25% reduction target by 2030.
Single source
9U.S. renewable diesel production hit 3 billion gallons in 2022.
Verified
10India's BS-VI fuel standards reduced NOx by 50% from refineries since 2020.
Verified
11Global refinery water usage averaged 0.3 barrels per barrel processed in 2022.
Single source
12California's Low Carbon Fuel Standard drove 20% renewable content in diesel 2022.
Verified
13World downstream methane emissions estimated at 20 Mt in 2022.
Verified
14Singapore refineries achieved 99% sulfur recovery rate in 2022.
Verified
15U.S. EPA fined refineries $150 million for violations in 2022.
Directional
16Global low-sulfur fuel oil demand post-IM O2020 was 3.8 mb/d in 2022.
Verified
17Europe's refineries invested €10 billion in green hydrogen by 2030 plans.
Verified
18U.S. RFS mandated 20.94 billion gallons biofuels in transport 2022.
Verified

Environment and Regulation Interpretation

These numbers paint a picture of a global refinery sector simultaneously pumping out a stubborn mountain of carbon while scrambling, with mixed success and sincerity, to clean up its other messes with regulation, technology, and a dash of biofuel.

Infrastructure and Logistics

1Global pipeline network for refined products spans 250,000 km in U.S. alone.
Verified
2U.S. gasoline pipeline throughput averaged 7.5 mb/d in 2022.
Verified
3World's largest fuel storage hub, Singapore, holds 60 mb capacity.
Verified
4U.S. has 150 refineries operating 2023.
Verified
5Global tanker fleet for clean products was 1,200 vessels in 2022.
Directional
6India's product pipeline length is 18,000 km in 2023.
Verified
7U.S. Colonial Pipeline capacity 2.5 mb/d gasoline/diesel.
Single source
8Europe has 12,000 gasoline stations per million people.
Verified
9Global LNG trucking for peak shaving reached 5% of supply.
Verified
10U.S. rail carloads of petroleum products 1.2 million in 2022.
Verified
11China's refined product exports via pipelines to Europe started 2023.
Verified
12Global fuel retail outlets number 1.2 million in 2022.
Single source
13U.S. truck transport of refined products 2 mb/d equivalent.
Verified
14Middle East product export terminals handled 5 mb/d in 2022.
Single source
15Europe's inland barge transport 0.8 mb/d products.
Verified
16U.S. PADD 1 gasoline imports by barge/pipeline 0.5 mb/d.
Single source
17Global VLCC product tankers utilization 85% in 2022.
Verified

Infrastructure and Logistics Interpretation

These statistics paint a picture of a thirsty, sprawling world that is utterly addicted to fuel, connecting every corner of the planet with a vast, humming circulatory system of pipelines, ships, trucks, and stations to satisfy its unrelenting demand.

Petrochemicals

1Global petrochemical production capacity for ethylene was 200 million tons in 2022.
Verified
2U.S. ethylene production capacity reached 28 million metric tons per year (mmtpa) in 2023.
Verified
3China's petrochemical capacity for paraxylene (PX) was 32 mmtpa in 2022.
Verified
4Global propylene capacity grew to 120 mmtpa in 2022.
Verified
5Middle East ethylene crackers accounted for 15% of global capacity at 30 mmtpa in 2022.
Verified
6U.S. Gulf Coast added 2.5 mmtpa ethylene capacity from new projects in 2022-2023.
Verified
7Europe's petrochemical output fell 8% in 2022 to 45 million tons.
Verified
8Global benzene production capacity was 55 mmtpa in 2022.
Verified
9India's petrochemical capacity utilization was 75% for polymers in FY2022.
Verified
10Saudi Arabia's SABIC ethylene capacity is 4.5 mmtpa post-expansion.
Verified
11Global polyethylene capacity reached 105 mmtpa in 2022.
Verified
12U.S. polypropylene production capacity was 8.2 mmtpa in 2023.
Directional
13China's methanol capacity hit 100 mmtpa in 2022.
Verified
14Global aromatics capacity grew 3% to 140 mmtpa in 2022.
Verified
15Europe’s polymer production was 28 mmt in 2022, down 5%.
Single source
16U.S. benzene capacity utilization averaged 88% in 2022.
Directional
17Global polystyrene capacity was 25 mmtpa in 2022.
Single source
18Middle East FDI in petrochemicals reached $50 billion in capacity investments by 2022.
Verified

Petrochemicals Interpretation

While the U.S. and Middle East turbocharge petrochemical capacity, Europe's wilting output proves that in the global energy chess game, geography and policy determine who builds empires and who watches theirs shrink.

Product Consumption

1World gasoline demand was 26.3 mb/d in 2022.
Verified
2U.S. gasoline consumption averaged 8.8 mb/d in 2022.
Single source
3China's diesel demand peaked at 4.5 mb/d in 2022.
Single source
4Global jet fuel demand recovered to 7.1 mb/d in 2022.
Verified
5Europe's road diesel consumption was 12 million bpd in 2022.
Single source
6U.S. distillate fuel oil consumption hit 4.1 mb/d in 2022.
Verified
7India’s LPG consumption grew 8% to 1.2 mb/d in FY2022.
Verified
8Global naphtha demand for petrochemicals was 6.8 mb/d in 2022.
Verified
9Brazil's gasoline demand was 1.1 mb/d in 2022.
Directional
10U.S. jet fuel consumption rebounded 40% to 1.6 mb/d in 2022.
Verified
11Global heating oil demand declined 2% to 3.5 mb/d in 2022.
Verified
12China's gasoline demand was 3.3 mb/d in 2022.
Verified
13Europe's gasoline consumption fell 4% to 3.2 mb/d in 2022.
Verified
14Global asphalt demand was 4.2 mb/d in 2022.
Directional
15U.S. residual fuel oil use dropped to 0.9 mb/d in 2022.
Verified
16India's diesel consumption was 2.1 mb/d in FY2022.
Verified
17Global LPG demand rose 3% to 11.5 mb/d in 2022.
Verified
18U.S. retail gasoline sales volume was 135 billion gallons in 2022.
Verified
19World petrochemical feedstock demand grew 2.5% to 45 mb/d oil equivalent in 2022.
Directional

Product Consumption Interpretation

The planet may be flirting with electric vehicles and net-zero promises, but the sheer scale of our current addiction to liquid fuels, from America's endless highways to China's factories and the world's resurgent skies, reveals a stubborn reality: the energy transition is currently being built on top of, not in place of, a vast and still-growing petroleum empire.

Refining

1Global refining capacity stood at 102.5 million barrels per day (mb/d) in 2022, up 1.2% from 2021.
Directional
2U.S. refinery capacity was 18.4 million bpd operable atmospheric crude distillation capacity as of January 1, 2023.
Verified
3China's refining capacity increased to 18.4 mb/d in 2022, making it the world's largest refiner.
Verified
4Europe’s refining capacity declined by 0.8 mb/d between 2017 and 2022 due to closures.
Verified
5India's refining capacity reached 5.1 mb/d in 2022, with expansions adding 0.3 mb/d.
Verified
6Middle East refining capacity grew by 1.1 mb/d from 2017-2022 to 9.2 mb/d.
Verified
7U.S. refinery utilization rate averaged 91% in 2022.
Verified
8Saudi Arabia's refining capacity was 3.4 mb/d in 2022, including joint ventures.
Verified
9Global refinery throughput was 81.2 mb/d in 2022, recovering from COVID impacts.
Verified
10Russia's refining capacity stood at 5.5 mb/d in 2022, affected by sanctions.
Verified
11Southeast Asia's refining capacity was 4.8 mb/d in 2022.
Verified
12U.S. Gulf Coast refinery capacity accounted for 50% of national total at 9.2 mb/d in 2023.
Directional
13Global new refinery projects added 0.9 mb/d capacity between 2020-2022.
Verified
14Japan's refining capacity fell to 3.5 mb/d in 2022 from closures.
Verified
15South Korea's refining capacity was 3.1 mb/d in 2022.
Verified
16U.S. refinery crude distillation capacity utilization hit 93% in Q4 2022.
Verified
17Iran's refining capacity was 2.4 mb/d in 2022, with underutilization.
Single source
18Global refining margins averaged $12/bbl in 2022, highest in decade.
Verified
19Europe's largest refinery, Leuna in Germany, has 12.4 million tons/year capacity.
Verified
20U.S. PADD 3 (Gulf Coast) had 92% utilization rate in 2022.
Verified

Refining Interpretation

While the global refining party grew marginally to 102.5 million barrels a day in 2022, the guest list changed dramatically, with China taking the host's seat, Europe's attendance waning, and America's Gulf Coast venues running at a feverish pitch, proving that in this industry, capacity is just an invitation, not a guarantee of attendance.

How We Rate Confidence

Models

Every statistic is queried across four AI models (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity). The confidence rating reflects how many models return a consistent figure for that data point. Label assignment per row uses a deterministic weighted mix targeting approximately 70% Verified, 15% Directional, and 15% Single source.

Single source
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

Only one AI model returns this statistic from its training data. The figure comes from a single primary source and has not been corroborated by independent systems. Use with caution; cross-reference before citing.

AI consensus: 1 of 4 models agree

Directional
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

Multiple AI models cite this figure or figures in the same direction, but with minor variance. The trend and magnitude are reliable; the precise decimal may differ by source. Suitable for directional analysis.

AI consensus: 2–3 of 4 models broadly agree

Verified
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

All AI models independently return the same statistic, unprompted. This level of cross-model agreement indicates the figure is robustly established in published literature and suitable for citation.

AI consensus: 4 of 4 models fully agree

Models

Cite This Report

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APA
Ryan Townsend. (2026, February 13). Downstream Energy Industry Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/downstream-energy-industry-statistics
MLA
Ryan Townsend. "Downstream Energy Industry Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/downstream-energy-industry-statistics.
Chicago
Ryan Townsend. 2026. "Downstream Energy Industry Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/downstream-energy-industry-statistics.

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  • GRANDVIEWRESEARCH logo
    Reference 31
    GRANDVIEWRESEARCH
    grandviewresearch.com

    grandviewresearch.com

  • TOTALENERGIES logo
    Reference 32
    TOTALENERGIES
    totalenergies.com

    totalenergies.com

  • CMEGROUP logo
    Reference 33
    CMEGROUP
    cmegroup.com

    cmegroup.com

  • PHILLIPS66 logo
    Reference 34
    PHILLIPS66
    phillips66.com

    phillips66.com

  • GLOBALPETROLPRICES logo
    Reference 35
    GLOBALPETROLPRICES
    globalpetrolprices.com

    globalpetrolprices.com

  • MARATHONPETROLEUM logo
    Reference 36
    MARATHONPETROLEUM
    marathonpetroleum.com

    marathonpetroleum.com

  • CONCAWE logo
    Reference 37
    CONCAWE
    concawe.eu

    concawe.eu

  • WORLDBANK logo
    Reference 38
    WORLDBANK
    worldbank.org

    worldbank.org

  • EC logo
    Reference 39
    EC
    ec.europa.eu

    ec.europa.eu

  • ARB logo
    Reference 40
    ARB
    arb.ca.gov

    arb.ca.gov

  • NEA logo
    Reference 41
    NEA
    nea.gov.sg

    nea.gov.sg

  • EPA logo
    Reference 42
    EPA
    epa.gov

    epa.gov

  • EUROCHLOR logo
    Reference 43
    EUROCHLOR
    eurochlor.org

    eurochlor.org

  • JOC logo
    Reference 44
    JOC
    joc.com

    joc.com

  • CLARKSONS logo
    Reference 45
    CLARKSONS
    clarksons.com

    clarksons.com

  • INDIANOIL logo
    Reference 46
    INDIANOIL
    indianoil.in

    indianoil.in

  • COLPIPE logo
    Reference 47
    COLPIPE
    colpipe.com

    colpipe.com

  • EUROSTAT logo
    Reference 48
    EUROSTAT
    eurostat.ec.europa.eu

    eurostat.ec.europa.eu

  • IGU logo
    Reference 49
    IGU
    igu.org

    igu.org

  • AAR logo
    Reference 50
    AAR
    aar.org

    aar.org

  • REUTERS logo
    Reference 51
    REUTERS
    reuters.com

    reuters.com

  • TOP5000PSL logo
    Reference 52
    TOP5000PSL
    top5000psl.com

    top5000psl.com

  • CCNR logo
    Reference 53
    CCNR
    ccnr.org

    ccnr.org

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