Key Takeaways
- Globally, 1 in 3 women (approximately 736 million women) have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime.
- In the United States, more than 12 million women and men are victims of rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner each year.
- About 1 in 4 women (24.3%) and 1 in 7 men (13.8%) have experienced severe physical violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime.
- Intimate partner violence accounts for 15% of all violent crime against women in the US.
- Women who experience intimate partner violence are 1.5 times more likely to suffer from depression.
- 42% of women who experienced violence by an intimate partner reported depressive symptoms.
- Annual economic cost of IPV against women in US is $5.8 billion.
- IPV causes women to lose 8 million paid work days per year in US.
- Lifetime economic cost per victim of nonfatal IPV is $103,767 for women.
- In the US, only 34% of IPV incidents are reported to police.
- 80% of DV homicides occur after separation when no protection order exists.
- Only 7% of DV cases result in conviction in India.
- 30% of women aged 18-24 experience IPV, highest among age groups.
- Black women experience IPV at 35% lifetime rate vs 29% white women.
- 43% of Hispanic women report IPV victimization.
Domestic violence against women is a devastating and widespread global crisis.
Demographic Variations
- 30% of women aged 18-24 experience IPV, highest among age groups.
- Black women experience IPV at 35% lifetime rate vs 29% white women.
- 43% of Hispanic women report IPV victimization.
- Low-income women (<$25k) have 40% IPV rate vs 20% high-income.
- Rural women 25% more likely to experience IPV than urban.
- Lesbian women experience IPV at 44% rate, similar to heterosexual.
- Pregnant women face 1.5 times higher IPV risk.
- Women with disabilities 40% more likely to experience violence.
- Indigenous women in US 2.2 times more likely to be raped by partner.
- Immigrant women report IPV at 50% higher rates.
- Women 18-34 have highest IPV hospitalization rates.
- Single mothers experience IPV at 25% rate.
- College-educated women have 20% lower IPV rates.
- In US, American Indian/Alaska Native women 1.7x higher IPV severe rate.
- Bisexual women 61% lifetime IPV victimization.
- Women in polygamous marriages 3x more likely to experience violence.
- Elderly women (65+) report 10% IPV prevalence.
- Separated/divorced women 12x more likely to be killed by partner.
- Military wives experience IPV at 30% rate.
- Women with children under 12 face 15% higher IPV.
- Unemployed women 2x more likely to experience partner violence.
- Transgender women 2.1x higher IPV rates than cisgender.
- Women in Northeast US have lowest IPV (22%), South highest (35%).
- Adolescent girls (14-17) 16% IPV victimization in dating.
- Widowed women report 5% IPV, but underreported.
- Women with higher BMI 1.3x IPV risk.
Demographic Variations Interpretation
Economic and Social Costs
- Annual economic cost of IPV against women in US is $5.8 billion.
- IPV causes women to lose 8 million paid work days per year in US.
- Lifetime economic cost per victim of nonfatal IPV is $103,767 for women.
- 37% of women who experience IPV miss work due to injuries.
- Global economic impact of VAWG is 1.5% of global GDP.
- In US, medical costs for IPV victims total $4.1 billion annually.
- 50% of homeless women have fled domestic violence.
- IPV leads to $1.5 billion in lost productivity yearly in Australia.
- In UK, domestic violence costs £66 billion over a victim's lifetime.
- 42% of women in poverty experience IPV vs 30% above poverty.
- IPV responsible for 18% of female unemployment duration increase.
- In Canada, IPV costs $7.4 billion annually in health and justice.
- 65% of welfare recipients experienced domestic violence.
- IPV reduces women's lifetime earnings by 10-20%.
- In India, VAWG costs 1.5% of GDP in lost earnings.
- US criminal justice costs for IPV $1.7 billion yearly.
- 27% of low-income women forgo promotions due to IPV.
- IPV linked to 50% higher food insecurity rates among women.
- In EU, VAW costs €366 billion annually (2% GDP).
- 80% of child custody disputes involve IPV history.
- IPV causes 25% increase in women's housing instability.
- Global lost productivity from IPV $1.5 trillion yearly.
- In Brazil, DV costs R$1.4 billion in public health annually.
- 60% of battered women unable to work full-time.
- IPV increases welfare dependency by 30% for women.
- In US, property losses from IPV $400 million yearly.
- 70% of women in shelters lose jobs due to IPV.
Economic and Social Costs Interpretation
Health and Psychological Impacts
- Intimate partner violence accounts for 15% of all violent crime against women in the US.
- Women who experience intimate partner violence are 1.5 times more likely to suffer from depression.
- 42% of women who experienced violence by an intimate partner reported depressive symptoms.
- IPV survivors are 2.2 times more likely to have suicide attempts.
- 37% of women experiencing IPV report PTSD symptoms.
- Women experiencing IPV have a 16% increased risk of HIV infection.
- IPV during pregnancy increases preterm birth risk by 30%.
- 45-55% of battered women suffer from chronic health issues like hypertension.
- IPV victims are 3 times more likely to experience chronic pain.
- 61% of female homicide victims are killed by an intimate partner.
- Women experiencing IPV lose 8 million workdays annually in the US.
- IPV increases risk of substance abuse by 70% among women.
- 35% of IPV victims develop anxiety disorders.
- Battered women have 48% higher rates of gastrointestinal disorders.
- IPV linked to 25% increased risk of cardiovascular disease in women.
- 20% of female trauma patients in US hospitals are IPV victims.
- IPV survivors have 2.3 times higher obesity rates.
- Pregnancy IPV leads to 50% higher low birth weight risk.
- 40% of IPV women report sleep disturbances and insomnia.
- IPV increases type 2 diabetes risk by 37% in women.
- 55% of women in shelters have PTSD.
- IPV victims 1.9 times more likely to report poor self-rated health.
- Emotional abuse correlates with 2-fold increase in migraine prevalence.
- IPV during adolescence triples risk of adult depression.
- 30% of IPV victims experience traumatic brain injury.
- IPV linked to 65% higher asthma rates in women.
- Female IPV victims have 70% higher healthcare utilization rates.
- IPV increases maternal mortality risk by 20% globally.
- 25% of IPV women develop somatoform disorders.
- IPV survivors 4 times more likely to attempt suicide.
Health and Psychological Impacts Interpretation
Legal and Justice Responses
- In the US, only 34% of IPV incidents are reported to police.
- 80% of DV homicides occur after separation when no protection order exists.
- Only 7% of DV cases result in conviction in India.
- In US, 50 states have mandatory arrest policies for DV.
- UK saw 1 million DV incidents recorded by police in 2022.
- Only 10% of restraining orders are enforced effectively in US.
- In Australia, 75% of DV cases do not reach prosecution.
- Brazil's Maria da Penha Law reduced femicide by 10%.
- In Canada, 89% of police-reported DV victims are women.
- US VAWA reauthorized in 2022 with $1.8B funding.
- 40% of DV calls to police involve weapons.
- In EU, only 14% of women report physical/sexual DV to police.
- Turkey's 6284 Law protected 150,000 women in 2020.
- In South Africa, conviction rate for DV is under 10%.
- US has 2,000 DV fatality review teams.
- In UK, 20% of murder victims are killed by partners.
- Mexico's Alerta de Violencia de Género issued in 5 states.
- Only 25% of DV survivors receive legal aid in India.
- In US, 60% of DV courts lack batterer intervention programs.
- Philippines' Anti-VAWC Act led to 10,000 cases filed yearly.
- In Nigeria, 85% of DV cases dismissed due to reconciliation.
- EU Directive 2012/29/EU mandates victim support services.
- In Russia, decriminalization of minor DV increased incidents 50%.
- US pro-arrest policies reduced DV recidivism by 20%.
- Kenya's Protection Against DV Act enforced 5,000 orders in 2022.
- In Chile, specialized DV courts handled 50,000 cases in 2021.
- 75% of DV protection orders violated within 2 years in US.
- In Spain, Organic Law 1/2004 reduced female homicides by 50%.
Legal and Justice Responses Interpretation
Prevalence and Incidence
- Globally, 1 in 3 women (approximately 736 million women) have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime.
- In the United States, more than 12 million women and men are victims of rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner each year.
- About 1 in 4 women (24.3%) and 1 in 7 men (13.8%) have experienced severe physical violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime.
- In the EU, 1 in 3 women (33%) has experienced physical and/or sexual violence since the age of 15.
- In India, 31.9% of ever-married women aged 15-49 have experienced physical violence by their husband or partner at least once in their lifetime.
- In Australia, 1 in 6 women (16%) have experienced physical and/or sexual violence from a current or previous cohabiting partner since age 15.
- In the UK, an estimated 2 million adults (aged 16 to 59) experienced domestic abuse in the last year (1.6% of population).
- In South Africa, 28% of women reported experiencing physical violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months.
- In Brazil, 10.6% of women aged 15+ reported physical violence by an intimate partner in the last 12 months.
- In Canada, 44% of women reported experiencing at least one form of intimate partner violence in their lifetime.
- In Mexico, 43.9% of women aged 15+ have experienced some form of violence from their partner.
- In Russia, 16,000 women are beaten daily by intimate partners.
- In Egypt, 28% of ever-married women aged 15-49 experienced physical violence from their husbands.
- In Turkey, 38% of women have experienced physical violence at least once since age 15.
- In Nigeria, 30% of women aged 15-49 have experienced physical violence by an intimate partner.
- In the Philippines, 23.1% of ever-married women reported physical, sexual, or emotional violence by a partner.
- In Kenya, 38% of women aged 15-49 experienced physical violence since age 15.
- In Bangladesh, 53.4% of ever-married women aged 15-49 have experienced physical violence by a husband.
- In Pakistan, 32.2% of women aged 15-49 reported partner physical violence.
- In Afghanistan, 46% of women aged 15-49 experienced partner physical violence in lifetime.
- In Ethiopia, 28.4% of women aged 15-49 experienced physical violence by partner.
- In Uganda, 50% of women aged 15-49 have experienced physical violence by a partner.
- In Tanzania, 44.5% of women experienced physical violence from partner.
- In Zambia, 52% of ever-married women reported physical violence by husband.
- In Malawi, 36.3% of women aged 15-49 experienced spousal physical violence.
- In Rwanda, 31.9% of women experienced physical violence from partner.
- In Ghana, 26.9% of women aged 15-49 experienced physical violence by partner.
- In Morocco, 36% of women aged 18+ reported physical violence by partner.
- In Jordan, 24.7% of ever-married women experienced physical violence from husband.
- In the US, 41% of women reported experiencing coercive control by an intimate partner.
Prevalence and Incidence Interpretation
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