Key Takeaways
- Globally, approximately 736 million women – almost one in three (30%) – have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence, or non-partner sexual violence, or both, at least once in their life
- In the United States, 1 in 4 women and 1 in 7 men will experience severe physical violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime
- About 10 million people in the US are victims of domestic violence each year
- In the United States, women aged 18-24 are 2.3 times more likely to experience IPV than women aged 35 and older
- Black women in the US experience severe physical IPV at a rate of 11.6 per 1,000 compared to 7.8 for white women
- In the US, 43.6% of female victims of stalking experienced it from an intimate partner
- In the United States, 85% of domestic violence perpetrators are male
- Men who witnessed mother abuse as child are 3.5 times more likely to perpetrate IPV
- Alcohol use increases likelihood of male perpetration of IPV by 5 times
- Globally, IPV survivors experience 1.5 times higher rates of depression and anxiety
- In the US, 41% of female IPV victims suffer physical injury requiring medical care
- Women experiencing IPV have 16% higher risk of heart disease
- In the United States, domestic violence costs exceed $8.3 billion annually in medical and mental health care
- Globally, violence against women costs 2% of GDP
- In the US, IPV causes $5.8 billion in lost productivity yearly
One in three women globally experiences violence from an intimate partner.
Economic and Societal Costs
- In the United States, domestic violence costs exceed $8.3 billion annually in medical and mental health care
- Globally, violence against women costs 2% of GDP
- In the US, IPV causes $5.8 billion in lost productivity yearly
- UK domestic abuse costs £66 billion per year to society
- In Australia, family violence costs $21.7 billion annually by 2022
- Canada IPV economic burden $7.4 billion CAD in 2014
- In the US, each murder by IPV costs $17.25 million
- Women lose 8 million paid workdays annually due to IPV in US
- Global cost of child maltreatment from IPV exposure $1.24 trillion
- In India, gender-based violence costs 1.5% GDP yearly
- US emergency departments treat 2 million IPV injuries yearly, costing $4.2 billion
- In the EU, VAW costs €366 billion annually
- Housing instability from IPV costs US $1.8 billion in shelters
- In Brazil, IPV absenteeism costs R$554 million yearly
- UK criminal justice system spends £1 billion on domestic abuse
- In South Africa, GBV costs R157 billion annually
- US child welfare costs from IPV $2 billion yearly
- Globally, lost lifetime earnings from IPV $1.5 trillion for women
- In Canada, healthcare costs from IPV $1.13 billion CAD/year
- Australia lost wages from family violence $1.9 billion
- In the US, 42% of women IPV victims lose jobs, costing $1.7 billion
- EU lost productivity from VAW €109 billion/year
- In the UK, NHS spends £2.7 billion on domestic abuse health effects
- India violence reduces GDP by 3.9% over lifetime
- US law enforcement responds to 21,000 DV calls daily, costing billions
- In Japan, economic loss from DV ¥1.7 trillion yearly
- Global mental health costs from IPV $777 billion annually
Economic and Societal Costs Interpretation
Health and Psychological Effects
- Globally, IPV survivors experience 1.5 times higher rates of depression and anxiety
- In the US, 41% of female IPV victims suffer physical injury requiring medical care
- Women experiencing IPV have 16% higher risk of heart disease
- IPV victims are 2 times more likely to attempt suicide
- In the UK, 60% of domestic abuse victims report mental health deterioration
- Pregnant women facing IPV have 2.6 times miscarriage risk
- IPV associated with 25% increased stroke risk in women
- Children witnessing IPV 3 times more likely to develop PTSD
- Female victims report PTSD at 46.9% rate post-IPV
- IPV survivors have 1.9 times higher diabetes risk
- In Australia, IPV victims 4 times more likely to use antidepressants
- Male IPV victims experience depression at 18.8% rate
- IPV linked to chronic pain in 55% of survivors
- Women with IPV history have 52% higher HIV risk
- In Canada, 37% of IPV victims report fear for life
- IPV during pregnancy causes low birth weight in 20% cases
- Survivors experience sleep disorders at 3 times rate
- In the EU, 68% of women victims report emotional consequences
- IPV victims have 1.6 times higher healthcare utilization
- Children of IPV victims 50% more likely to have behavioral problems
- Female victims report anxiety disorders at 31.5%
- IPV linked to 28% increased cancer risk in women
- In India, IPV victims 2 times more likely to have poor mental health
- Male victims experience substance abuse at 30% higher rate
- IPV causes gastrointestinal disorders in 40% women
- Survivors have 2.2 times higher obesity risk
- In the US, 35% of female victims miss work due to injuries
- IPV linked to immune system suppression, increasing illness 25%
- Adolescent witnesses develop aggression 2 times more
- In the UK, 47% victims develop clinical depression post-abuse
Health and Psychological Effects Interpretation
Perpetrator Characteristics
- In the United States, 85% of domestic violence perpetrators are male
- Men who witnessed mother abuse as child are 3.5 times more likely to perpetrate IPV
- Alcohol use increases likelihood of male perpetration of IPV by 5 times
- In the US, 22.3% of men report perpetrating physical violence against partner
- Male perpetrators in the UK have prior criminal convictions in 60% of cases
- Men with unemployment are 1.8 times more likely to perpetrate IPV
- In India, men aged 25-34 perpetrate 40% of spousal violence cases
- Batterers in US have jealousy/control behaviors in 80% of cases
- Male IPV perpetrators with PTSD are 4 times more likely to reoffend
- In Australia, male perpetrators with substance abuse issues in 50% of family violence cases
- Men who perpetrate IPV have 2.5 times higher depression rates
- In the EU, 5% of men admit to physical/sexual violence against partner
- US male perpetrators aged 18-24 show highest contact sexual violence rates at 25.1%
- In Canada, male perpetrators with criminal history in 57% of IPV homicides
- Low-education men in Brazil perpetrate IPV at 18% rate vs. 8% high-education
- In South Africa, male perpetrators using physical violence lifetime prevalence 27.4%
- UK male perpetrators stalk ex-partners in 21% of high-risk cases
- Men with childhood abuse history perpetrate IPV 3 times more often
- In the US, male bisexual perpetrators report higher psychological aggression
- Perpetrators with firearms increase homicide risk by 500%
- In Australia, male Indigenous perpetrators overrepresented by 8 times in family violence
- Men controlling partner finances perpetrate emotional abuse in 70% cases
- US male veterans perpetrate IPV at 1.5 times civilian rate
- In Russia, male alcohol-dependent men perpetrate violence 10 times more
- Perpetrators using coercive control in 90% of UK domestic homicides
- In the US, 50% of male perpetrators deny or minimize their abuse
Perpetrator Characteristics Interpretation
Prevalence and Incidence
- Globally, approximately 736 million women – almost one in three (30%) – have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence, or non-partner sexual violence, or both, at least once in their life
- In the United States, 1 in 4 women and 1 in 7 men will experience severe physical violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime
- About 10 million people in the US are victims of domestic violence each year
- In England and Wales, 1.6 million women and 757,000 men experienced domestic abuse in the year ending March 2023
- Worldwide, nearly 1 in 3 women (27%) aged 15 and older who have been in a relationship have experienced some form of physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner
- In Australia, 1 in 6 women and 1 in 16 men have experienced physical or sexual violence from a cohabiting partner since age 15
- In India, the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21) reports that 32% of ever-married women aged 18-49 have experienced spousal violence
- In the EU, 22% of women have experienced physical and/or sexual violence since the age of 15
- In Canada, 44% of women and 40% of men reported experiencing at least one form of IPV in their lifetime
- In South Africa, 23.2% of men reported perpetrating physical and/or sexual violence against an intimate partner in their lifetime
- Globally, 38% of all murders of women are committed by intimate partners
- In the US, 48.4% of women and 48.8% of men have experienced psychological aggression by an intimate partner in their lifetime
- In the UK, domestic abuse prevalence rate was 5.8% for women and 3.2% for men in the last year (CSEW 2023)
- In Brazil, 10.6% of women reported physical violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months
- In Mexico, lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence against women is 43.9%
- In the Philippines, 20.4% of women aged 15-49 experienced physical, sexual, or emotional violence from a husband/partner
- In Nigeria, 30% of women have experienced physical violence since age 15
- In Kenya, 38% of ever-married women aged 15-49 have experienced physical violence since age 15
- In Bangladesh, 54.8% of ever-married women aged 15-49 have experienced spousal physical or sexual violence
- In Turkey, 38% of women have experienced physical or sexual violence by a partner
- In Russia, 16,000 women are beaten daily by intimate partners
- In Japan, 17.6% of women have experienced intimate partner violence
- In Egypt, 31.9% of ever-married women aged 15-49 experienced physical violence from husband
- In the US, Black women experience IPV at a rate 35% higher than the national average
- In Europe, 1 in 10 women experience sexual violence before age 15
- In the US, 41% of all women killed by an intimate partner were killed with a firearm
- Globally, 6% of women report being sexually assaulted by a non-partner after age 15
- In the UK, 73% of domestic abuse-related crimes involved violence against women and girls
- In Australia, Indigenous women are 32 times more likely to be hospitalised due to family violence
- In the US, 91.8% of victims of stalking by an intimate partner are women
Prevalence and Incidence Interpretation
Victim Demographics
- In the United States, women aged 18-24 are 2.3 times more likely to experience IPV than women aged 35 and older
- Black women in the US experience severe physical IPV at a rate of 11.6 per 1,000 compared to 7.8 for white women
- In the US, 43.6% of female victims of stalking experienced it from an intimate partner
- Transgender individuals in the US are 2.2 times more likely to experience IPV than cisgender individuals
- In the UK, 75% of domestic abuse victims are women
- Elderly women over 60 in the US experience abuse at rates of 4-10% annually
- In Canada, Indigenous women are 3 times more likely to experience IPV than non-Indigenous women
- In the US, lesbian women report IPV at rates of 44% lifetime prevalence
- Rural women in the US face 1.4 times higher risk of IPV homicide than urban women
- In Australia, women with disabilities are 1.5 times more likely to experience violence from a partner
- In the EU, women with lower education levels report 25% higher IPV prevalence
- Pregnant women in the US experience IPV at rates 1.5 times higher than non-pregnant
- In India, women in the lowest wealth quintile experience 45% spousal violence vs. 18% in highest
- In the US, Hispanic women experience contact sexual violence at 5.3% past-year rate
- Immigrant women in Canada report IPV at 52% lifetime rate vs. 42% Canadian-born
- In the UK, Asian women experience 1.4 times higher domestic homicide rates
- Women in polygamous marriages in Africa face 2.5 times higher IPV risk
- In the US, bisexual women have 61.1% lifetime IPV prevalence
- Low-income women in Brazil report 15% past-year IPV vs. 6% high-income
- In South Africa, unemployed women experience 28% IPV prevalence vs. 19% employed
- In the US, women with children under 18 experience higher severe IPV rates
- Separated/divorced women in Australia 15 times more likely to experience violence post-separation
- In the EU, migrant women report 29% IPV vs. 22% non-migrant
- In the US, Native American women experience murder by intimate partner at 10 times national rate
- Women aged 16-24 in England most likely group for domestic abuse at 7.5%
- In Canada, women with postsecondary education 30% less likely to experience IPV
- In the US, 84% of IPV victims are women in heterosexual relationships
Victim Demographics Interpretation
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