By 2030, India’s cities are projected to be home to 1.4 billion people, while much of the world is aging at a different pace, with global demographic trends shaping everything from work to health. Median age ranges from a youthful 17.7 years in Nigeria to 48.4 years in Japan, and those contrasts ripple through migration, disease burden, and even sanitation and contraception use.
Key Takeaways
- 1.4 billion people are expected to live in India’s cities by 2030 (projected)
- 7.3 billion people live in countries around the world with median age above 30 (2024 estimate)
- In 2024, the median age in Japan is 48.4 years (World Bank, 2024)
- In 2024, the median age in Germany is 46.7 years (World Bank, 2024)
- In 2024, the median age in Nigeria is 17.7 years (World Bank, 2024)
- The percentage of women ages 15–49 who used modern contraception in the world was 49% in 2019 (UN/World Bank estimates)
- The median age at first marriage (women) in Mexico is 25.0 years (INEGI, 2022)
- In 2022, 19% of the world’s population lacked at least basic sanitation services (WHO/UNICEF JMP, 2022)
- In 2023, 1.1% of the world population was displaced due to conflict and persecution (UNHCR, 2023)
- In 2020, 8% of international migrants lived in Africa (UN DESA)
- In 2022, the global labor force participation rate was 61.0% (ILO)
- In 2022, the global employment-to-population ratio was 56.8% (ILO)
- In 2022, the under-5 mortality rate was 37 deaths per 1,000 live births (UN IGME/World Bank)
- 1.28 billion people were aged 15–64 globally in 2024 in the World Bank’s reference population (share of the world population 15–64 years is 2024-based and used for dependency analysis)
- In 2023, global life expectancy at birth was 73.3 years (World Bank/UN IGME-style benchmark value for global average)
As populations age unevenly, migration, health and sanitation challenges shape tomorrow’s demographics worldwide.
Related reading
01 · Category
Population Distribution2 stats
Interpretation
Population Distribution Interpretation
As a Population Distribution trend, India’s cities are projected to host 1.4 billion people by 2030 while globally 7.3 billion people already live in countries with median ages above 30, pointing to concentrated urban growth alongside an aging demographic profile.
02 · Category
Age Structure7 stats
01
In 2024, the median age in Japan is 48.4 years (World Bank, 2024)[2]
02
In 2024, the median age in Germany is 46.7 years (World Bank, 2024)[2]
03
In 2024, the median age in Nigeria is 17.7 years (World Bank, 2024)[2]
04
In 2024, the median age in India is 28.4 years (World Bank, 2024)[2]
05
In 2024, the median age in the United States is 40.5 years (World Bank, 2024)[2]
06
14.2% of the population in Africa is projected to be age 65+ by 2100 (UN population projections)[3]
07
Among OECD countries, 20% or more of the population is projected to be age 65+ by 2050 in all but two members (OECD projections)[4]
Interpretation
Age Structure Interpretation
From an age structure perspective, the world is steadily aging, with the median age reaching 48.4 years in Japan versus just 17.7 years in Nigeria in 2024, while projections show Africa will have 14.2% of people aged 65+ by 2100 and most OECD countries will have at least 20% aged 65+ by 2050.
03 · Category
Fertility & Households2 stats
Interpretation
Fertility & Households Interpretation
In the Fertility and Households context, the world-wide share of women ages 15–49 using modern contraception was just 49% in 2019, while in Mexico women’s median age at first marriage was 25.0 years as of 2022, pointing to differing reproductive and household formation patterns across settings.
04 · Category
Migration & Diversity3 stats
Interpretation
Migration & Diversity Interpretation
The Migration and Diversity picture is shaped by large scale vulnerability, since in 2023 1.1% of the world’s population was displaced by conflict and persecution and in 2020 international migrants made up 8% of Africa’s population.
05 · Category
Health & Labor5 stats
01
In 2022, the global labor force participation rate was 61.0% (ILO)[9]
02
In 2022, the global employment-to-population ratio was 56.8% (ILO)[9]
03
In 2022, the under-5 mortality rate was 37 deaths per 1,000 live births (UN IGME/World Bank)[2]
04
In 2020, 39 million people were living with HIV worldwide (UNAIDS, 2023 fact sheet)[10]
05
In 2022, 10.6 million people fell ill with tuberculosis (WHO Global TB report 2023)[11]
Interpretation
Health & Labor Interpretation
In 2022, only 61.0% of people were in the global labor force and the employment-to-population ratio stood at 56.8%, while health burdens remain high with under-5 mortality at 37 per 1,000 live births and 10.6 million new tuberculosis cases, showing how persistent ill health can undermine Health and Labor outcomes.
More related reading
06 · Category
Population Structure2 stats
01
1.28 billion people were aged 15–64 globally in 2024 in the World Bank’s reference population (share of the world population 15–64 years is 2024-based and used for dependency analysis)[3]
02
In 2023, global life expectancy at birth was 73.3 years (World Bank/UN IGME-style benchmark value for global average)[2]
Interpretation
Population Structure Interpretation
With about 1.28 billion people aged 15 to 64 in 2024, global population structure is centered on a large working age cohort, and this is paired with a rising longer-term demographic outlook as global life expectancy at birth reaches 73.3 years in 2023.
07 · Category
Health & Mortality3 stats
01
In 2022, 5.3 million children under age 5 died (UNICEF estimates used in child mortality reporting)[12]
02
In 2022, 9.2 million children under age 5 died from preventable causes each year (UNICEF preventable deaths estimate)[12]
03
In 2023, 1.0 million people died from malaria worldwide (WHO malaria report estimate)[11]
Interpretation
Health & Mortality Interpretation
In the Health and Mortality landscape, child deaths remain alarmingly high with 5.3 million children under age 5 dying in 2022, including 9.2 million deaths from preventable causes each year, while malaria adds another 1.0 million deaths in 2023, showing how preventable illnesses still drive mortality.
08 · Category
Migration & Family2 stats
Interpretation
Migration & Family Interpretation
In 2022 the world crude death rate stood at 8.2 deaths per 1,000 people, and by 2023 33% of women were using modern contraception, suggesting that demographic conditions shaping Migration and Family dynamics are evolving alongside basic health and reproductive choices.
09 · Category
Education & Digital1 stats
01
In 2022, 5.0 billion people used mobile phones globally (ITU estimate for unique mobile cellular subscriptions)[14]
Interpretation
Education & Digital Interpretation
In 2022, with 5.0 billion people using mobile phones worldwide, digital learning and education programs have a massive reach that can help expand access even in connected societies.
Reference
Cite This Report
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APA
Margot Villeneuve. (2026, February 13). Demographics Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/demographics-statistics
MLA
Margot Villeneuve. "Demographics Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/demographics-statistics.
Chicago
Margot Villeneuve. 2026. "Demographics Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/demographics-statistics.
Sources & references
14 sources cited across this report