GITNUXREPORT 2026

Cbd Statistics

CBD significantly reduces anxiety, seizures, pain, and aids sleep.

Min-ji Park

Research Analyst focused on sustainability and consumer trends.

First published: Feb 13, 2026

Our Commitment to Accuracy

Rigorous fact-checking · Reputable sources · Regular updatesLearn more

Statistic 1

In a 2020 randomized controlled trial involving 47 participants with social anxiety disorder, a single 300mg dose of CBD reduced anxiety during a public speaking test by 79% compared to placebo as measured by the Visual Analog Mood Scale (VAMS)

Statistic 2

A 2018 study on 397 patients using CBD for epilepsy showed that 51% experienced at least a 50% reduction in seizure frequency after 3 months

Statistic 3

Epidiolex, a CBD-based drug, reduced drop seizures by 39% in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome patients in a Phase 3 trial with 225 participants over 14 weeks

Statistic 4

A 2021 meta-analysis of 8 studies with 302 participants found CBD significantly reduced chronic pain scores by an average of 1.5 points on a 10-point VAS scale

Statistic 5

In a 2019 pilot study of 11 patients with opioid addiction, CBD at 400-800mg/day reduced cue-induced cravings by 60% over 3 weeks

Statistic 6

A 2022 trial with 120 insomnia patients showed 160mg CBD nightly improved sleep quality by 25% on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index after 4 weeks

Statistic 7

CBD oil at 25mg/kg reduced inflammation markers (CRP) by 35% in 40 rheumatoid arthritis patients after 8 weeks, per a 2020 study

Statistic 8

A 2017 study on 14 Huntington's disease patients found 10mg/kg/day CBD improved motor function scores by 15% over 6 weeks

Statistic 9

In 2019 research with 20 PTSD patients, 25mg CBD twice daily decreased PTSD symptom severity by 28% on CAPS-5 scale after 8 weeks

Statistic 10

A 2023 study of 50 schizophrenia patients showed adjunctive CBD (1000mg/day) reduced positive symptoms by 22% on PANSS scale over 6 weeks

Statistic 11

Epidiolex treatment in Dravet syndrome trials reduced convulsive seizures by 37% in 67 patients versus 17% placebo in Phase 3

Statistic 12

A 2021 crossover study with 18 acne patients found topical 1% CBD cream reduced lesion counts by 45% after 12 weeks

Statistic 13

In a 2018 animal model extrapolated to humans, CBD at 600mg protected against neurodegeneration in Parkinson's models by 40%

Statistic 14

A 2020 study on 29 multiple sclerosis patients reported 10mg/kg CBD improved spasticity by 30% on Ashworth scale after 15 weeks

Statistic 15

CBD vaporized at 100mg acutely reduced cigarette consumption by 40% in 30 tobacco-dependent users in a 2018 study

Statistic 16

A 2019 RCT with 66 Crohn's disease patients found 10mg/kg CBD twice daily induced remission in 28% versus 13% placebo after 8 weeks

Statistic 17

In 2022 research, 600mg CBD pre-treatment reduced exercise-induced muscle damage markers by 20% in 16 athletes

Statistic 18

A 2016 study showed transdermal CBD at 6.2mg/day alleviated chemotherapy-induced nausea in 121 patients by 65%

Statistic 19

CBD at 300mg improved cognitive function by 15% in 24 healthy volunteers under stress in a 2018 study

Statistic 20

A 2021 trial with 40 diabetes patients found 100mg/day CBD lowered HbA1c by 0.5% after 8 weeks

Statistic 21

In a 2017 study, 400mg CBD reduced blood pressure by 6 mmHg systolic in 9 healthy males during stress tests

Statistic 22

A 2023 meta-analysis of 17 RCTs (825 participants) confirmed CBD reduces seizure frequency by 50% in 40-50% of refractory epilepsy cases

Statistic 23

Topical CBD gel (250mg) reduced psoriasis severity by 35% in 20 patients after 12 weeks in 2020 study

Statistic 24

CBD at 25mg/kg/day improved autism spectrum behaviors by 25% on ABC scale in 150 children over 12 weeks, 2021 study

Statistic 25

A 2019 study found 600mg CBD acutely attenuated amygdala activity by 30% in 16 healthy subjects during fear processing

Statistic 26

In 2022, 150mg CBD daily enhanced mood by 18% on BDI scale in 60 depression patients adjunctively

Statistic 27

CBD nanoemulsion (50mg) improved wound healing by 40% in diabetic mouse models, human-relevant 2021 study

Statistic 28

A 2018 RCT showed 100mg CBD reduced alcohol consumption by 25% in 25 dependent individuals

Statistic 29

In 2020 research, sublingual 25mg CBD alleviated menstrual pain by 32% VAS reduction in 35 women

Statistic 30

CBD at 400mg/day decreased IBS symptom severity by 28% in 36 patients over 10 weeks, 2019 study

Statistic 31

FDA approved Epidiolex as first CBD drug in 2018 for two epilepsy syndromes

Statistic 32

2018 U.S. Farm Bill legalized hemp-derived CBD (<0.3% THC) federally

Statistic 33

As of 2023, 38 U.S. states allow medical CBD, 24 recreational cannabis (CBD included)

Statistic 34

EU Novel Food regulation classifies CBD as novel, requiring authorization; only Epidiolex approved

Statistic 35

Canada legalized CBD nationwide in 2018 under Cannabis Act

Statistic 36

UK legalized CBD products <1mg THC per container in 2018 via MHRA

Statistic 37

Australia approved nabiximols (CBD+THC) for MS in 2019; pure CBD Schedule 4

Statistic 38

Brazil legalized CBD imports for medical use in 2015 via ANVISA RDC 11

Statistic 39

Switzerland allows CBD <1% THC since 2021 federal decree

Statistic 40

FDA issued 15 warning letters to CBD firms for unapproved claims in 2019-2020

Statistic 41

DEA rescheduled Epidiolex from Schedule I to V in 2018

Statistic 42

As of 2023, 50 countries have some form of medical CBD access, per Project CBD

Statistic 43

Georgia first U.S. state to legalize low-THC CBD oil in 2015 for medical use

Statistic 44

WHO 2018 review found CBD not scheduled internationally, recommended no control

Statistic 45

Mexico legalized medical CBD in 2017, recreational cannabis 2021 reform includes CBD

Statistic 46

FDA banned CBD in food/dietary supplements in 2020 guidance

Statistic 47

Colombia approved CBD extracts for export since 2016 via Invima

Statistic 48

Thailand legalized medical CBD in 2018, became first SE Asia country

Statistic 49

Germany legalized medical CBD reimbursement in 2017 via BfArM

Statistic 50

U.S. interstate CBD transport legalized if <0.3% THC per 2018 Farm Bill amendment

Statistic 51

New Zealand rescheduled CBD to prescription-only in 2020

Statistic 52

South Africa allows CBD products <20mg/day without license since 2018

Statistic 53

Japan permits Epidiolex import but pure CBD unapproved as of 2023

Statistic 54

Israel leads with 25+ CBD clinical trials approved since 2018 medical reform

Statistic 55

Global CBD market size reached $5.3 billion in 2022, growing at 21.2% CAGR from 2023-2030

Statistic 56

U.S. CBD sales hit $5.3 billion in 2021, projected to reach $16 billion by 2026 at 33% CAGR

Statistic 57

Hemp-derived CBD products generated $1.2 billion in retail sales in 2020 per Brightfield Group

Statistic 58

47 million Americans tried CBD in 2021, up 20% from 2020, according to Statista

Statistic 59

Online CBD sales accounted for 64% of total U.S. market in 2022, valued at $3.4 billion

Statistic 60

Europe CBD market expected to grow from €1.2 billion in 2023 to €6.5 billion by 2030 at 27% CAGR

Statistic 61

62% of CBD consumers use it for pain relief, per 2021 Consumer Reports survey (n=2,500)

Statistic 62

CBD beverage market projected to reach $1.1 billion by 2025, growing 40% annually

Statistic 63

28% CAGR forecasted for CBD pet products market to $1.8 billion by 2028

Statistic 64

U.S. CBD gummies segment dominated with 32% market share in 2022 at $1.7 billion sales

Statistic 65

14 million UK adults (22%) used CBD in 2022, up from 8% in 2019, per YouGov poll

Statistic 66

Global CBD cosmetics market valued at $470 million in 2021, CAGR 31.3% to 2030

Statistic 67

75% of U.S. CBD brands launched post-2018 Farm Bill, with 6,000+ products in 2022

Statistic 68

Average CBD product price dropped 15% YoY to $0.12/mg in 2022 per BDS Analytics

Statistic 69

41% of Americans aware of CBD in 2023, but only 18% regular users, Gallup poll (n=1,000)

Statistic 70

CBD vape market share fell to 12% in 2022 from 30% in 2019 due to regulations

Statistic 71

Projected 2025 global CBD market: $22 billion, with North America 45% share

Statistic 72

55% of CBD users prefer full-spectrum products, 2022 Leafly survey (n=5,000)

Statistic 73

U.S. CBD food/drink sales: $2.9 billion in 2022, 25% YoY growth

Statistic 74

Asia-Pacific CBD market to grow fastest at 35% CAGR to $2.5 billion by 2030

Statistic 75

68% of U.S. retailers stock CBD in 2023, up from 45% in 2020, NRF data

Statistic 76

CBD investment reached $15 billion globally in 2022, per PitchBook

Statistic 77

Female consumers 60% of CBD market, prefer wellness products, 2021 Nielsen

Statistic 78

Millennial usage at 35%, Gen Z 28% of CBD consumers in 2023 U.S. survey

Statistic 79

Hemp CBD production in U.S.: 500,000 acres planted in 2022, yield 1,200 lbs/acre

Statistic 80

CBD bioavailability is 6-15% for oral capsules, improving to 31-56% with lipid formulations in fasted state, per 2017 PK study (n=8)

Statistic 81

CBD half-life averages 18-32 hours after 10mg/kg oral dose in epilepsy patients

Statistic 82

CBD inhibits CYP3A4 with Ki=1.5μM and CYP2C19 with Ki=0.8μM in vitro human liver microsomes

Statistic 83

Sublingual CBD Cmax 133ng/mL at 19.5mg dose, Tmax 1.25-3 hours, bioavailability ~13-19%, 2010 study

Statistic 84

Inhaled CBD reaches plasma peak in 3-10 minutes, bioavailability 31%, versus 6% oral, per 2018 review

Statistic 85

CBD binds CB1 receptor with Ki=4350nM, partial agonist at 5HT1A with Ki=17nM

Statistic 86

Topical CBD penetrates stratum corneum to 20% dermis depth at 1% concentration in 24 hours ex vivo

Statistic 87

CBD induces CYP1A2 but inhibits CYP2D6 moderately (IC50=21μM) in hepatocytes

Statistic 88

Nanoemulsion CBD bioavailability 4x higher (34%) than oil (9%) at 10mg/kg oral in dogs, human-relevant

Statistic 89

Steady-state plasma CBD 747ng/mL at 20mg/kg/day oral in children, linear PK up to 10mg/kg BID

Statistic 90

CBD displaces [3H]CP55940 from CB1 with IC50=80nM but negligible functional agonism

Statistic 91

Transdermal CBD flux 0.6μg/cm²/h with enhancer, steady-state 4-6 hours in rat skin model

Statistic 92

CBD modulates GPR55 with EC50=0.7μM as antagonist in calcium assays

Statistic 93

Oral CBD Vd/F 26,487L, CL/F 1,129mL/min in adults, t1/2 60 hours accumulation factor 5.6

Statistic 94

CBD agitates TRPV1 at EC50=3.7μM, mediating analgesia in patch-clamp studies

Statistic 95

Intranasal CBD bioavailability 34-46% in sheep model, Tmax 6-10min

Statistic 96

CBD 7-OH metabolite active, AUC 10% parent after oral 20mg/kg, CYP2C19/3A4 dependent

Statistic 97

Microneedle patch CBD delivery 5x permeation vs passive (1.2μg/cm²/h)

Statistic 98

CBD allosterically modulates δ-opioid receptor enhancing [3H]leorphine binding

Statistic 99

Food effect: high-fat meal increases CBD AUC 4-5x, Cmax 14x at 10mg dose

Statistic 100

Vaporized CBD 100mg yields plasma Cmax 124ng/mL at 0.083h in smokers

Statistic 101

CBD equilibrates BBB rapidly, brain:plasma ratio 18.5:1 at 30min IV 120mg/kg in rats

Statistic 102

Self-emulsifying CBD formulation bioavailability 21% vs 6% oil at 10mg in humans (n=12)

Statistic 103

Inverse agonism at GPR18 with Ki=334nM for CBD in [35S]GTPγS assay

Statistic 104

Rectal CBD suppository bioavailability ~15%, Tmax 1.5-2h in PK study (n=10)

Statistic 105

Common side effect of oral CBD is somnolence, occurring in 21% of patients at 20mg/kg/day in Epidiolex trials with 516 participants

Statistic 106

Diarrhea reported in 20% of CBD users at doses >10mg/kg/day versus 10% placebo in a 2019 epilepsy study of 199 patients

Statistic 107

Decreased appetite seen in 16% of pediatric epilepsy patients on 10mg/kg CBD twice daily over 48 weeks

Statistic 108

Elevated liver enzymes (ALT >3x ULN) in 11% of adults on 20mg/kg/day CBD versus 4% placebo in 14-week trial

Statistic 109

Fatigue occurred in 13% of 225 Lennox-Gastaut patients on Epidiolex 20mg/kg/day in Phase 3 study

Statistic 110

A 2021 survey of 1,281 CBD users found dry mouth in 15% and dizziness in 9% at average 25mg/day doses

Statistic 111

Drug interactions: CBD increased plasma levels of clobazam by 3-fold at 10mg/kg/day in 13 patients

Statistic 112

Nausea reported in 9% of healthy volunteers taking 1500mg single dose CBD in pharmacokinetic study

Statistic 113

In 2020 study, 600mg CBD caused mild hypotension in 12% of 32 stress-tested subjects

Statistic 114

Pruritus (itching) in 7% of topical CBD users (1% cream) in 2019 dermatology trial with 50 patients

Statistic 115

A 2018 review noted thrombocytopenia in 5% of long-term CBD users >1000mg/day

Statistic 116

Sedation increased by 18% with CBD + THC versus THC alone in 24 chronic pain patients

Statistic 117

In 2022, 8% of 400 surveyed users reported anxiety paradoxically at low doses (<10mg)

Statistic 118

CBD at 100mg vaporized caused cough in 11% of 30 naive users in acute study

Statistic 119

Weight loss of >5% bodyweight in 6% of epilepsy patients on high-dose CBD over 1 year

Statistic 120

Rash occurred in 4% of pediatric patients on Epidiolex in expanded access program (n=117)

Statistic 121

A 2021 PK study showed CBD inhibits CYP2C19, raising nortriptyline levels 2.5x in 12 subjects

Statistic 122

Insomnia rebound in 10% upon CBD discontinuation after 4 weeks at 160mg/night

Statistic 123

In 2019, 14% of 397 epilepsy patients had pyrexia on CBD therapy

Statistic 124

Elevated GGT in 7% of long-term users (48 weeks) at 20mg/kg/day

Statistic 125

Irritability in 5% of autism children on 25mg/kg CBD after 12 weeks

Statistic 126

Palpitations rare (2%) but noted in high-dose (1500mg) single administration trials

Statistic 127

A 2020 survey (n=2,701) reported 3% GI upset with oral CBD oils averaging 50mg/day

Statistic 128

Contact dermatitis in 3% from transdermal CBD patches in 2018 study (n=100)

Statistic 129

CBD use linked to 4% increase in suicidal ideation in schizophrenia adjunct trial (n=43)

Statistic 130

Ataxia in 6% of Dravet patients on Epidiolex Phase 3 (n=67)

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What if a single 300mg dose of CBD could slash anxiety during public speaking by a staggering 79%, as recent clinical research suggests?

Key Takeaways

In a 2020 randomized controlled trial involving 47 participants with social anxiety disorder, a single 300mg dose of CBD reduced anxiety during a public speaking test by 79% compared to placebo as measured by the Visual Analog Mood Scale (VAMS)
A 2018 study on 397 patients using CBD for epilepsy showed that 51% experienced at least a 50% reduction in seizure frequency after 3 months
Epidiolex, a CBD-based drug, reduced drop seizures by 39% in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome patients in a Phase 3 trial with 225 participants over 14 weeks
Common side effect of oral CBD is somnolence, occurring in 21% of patients at 20mg/kg/day in Epidiolex trials with 516 participants
Diarrhea reported in 20% of CBD users at doses >10mg/kg/day versus 10% placebo in a 2019 epilepsy study of 199 patients
Decreased appetite seen in 16% of pediatric epilepsy patients on 10mg/kg CBD twice daily over 48 weeks
Global CBD market size reached $5.3 billion in 2022, growing at 21.2% CAGR from 2023-2030
U.S. CBD sales hit $5.3 billion in 2021, projected to reach $16 billion by 2026 at 33% CAGR
Hemp-derived CBD products generated $1.2 billion in retail sales in 2020 per Brightfield Group
FDA approved Epidiolex as first CBD drug in 2018 for two epilepsy syndromes
2018 U.S. Farm Bill legalized hemp-derived CBD (<0.3% THC) federally
As of 2023, 38 U.S. states allow medical CBD, 24 recreational cannabis (CBD included)
CBD bioavailability is 6-15% for oral capsules, improving to 31-56% with lipid formulations in fasted state, per 2017 PK study (n=8)
CBD half-life averages 18-32 hours after 10mg/kg oral dose in epilepsy patients
CBD inhibits CYP3A4 with Ki=1.5μM and CYP2C19 with Ki=0.8μM in vitro human liver microsomes

CBD significantly reduces anxiety, seizures, pain, and aids sleep.

Health Benefits

In a 2020 randomized controlled trial involving 47 participants with social anxiety disorder, a single 300mg dose of CBD reduced anxiety during a public speaking test by 79% compared to placebo as measured by the Visual Analog Mood Scale (VAMS)
A 2018 study on 397 patients using CBD for epilepsy showed that 51% experienced at least a 50% reduction in seizure frequency after 3 months
Epidiolex, a CBD-based drug, reduced drop seizures by 39% in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome patients in a Phase 3 trial with 225 participants over 14 weeks
A 2021 meta-analysis of 8 studies with 302 participants found CBD significantly reduced chronic pain scores by an average of 1.5 points on a 10-point VAS scale
In a 2019 pilot study of 11 patients with opioid addiction, CBD at 400-800mg/day reduced cue-induced cravings by 60% over 3 weeks
A 2022 trial with 120 insomnia patients showed 160mg CBD nightly improved sleep quality by 25% on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index after 4 weeks
CBD oil at 25mg/kg reduced inflammation markers (CRP) by 35% in 40 rheumatoid arthritis patients after 8 weeks, per a 2020 study
A 2017 study on 14 Huntington's disease patients found 10mg/kg/day CBD improved motor function scores by 15% over 6 weeks
In 2019 research with 20 PTSD patients, 25mg CBD twice daily decreased PTSD symptom severity by 28% on CAPS-5 scale after 8 weeks
A 2023 study of 50 schizophrenia patients showed adjunctive CBD (1000mg/day) reduced positive symptoms by 22% on PANSS scale over 6 weeks
Epidiolex treatment in Dravet syndrome trials reduced convulsive seizures by 37% in 67 patients versus 17% placebo in Phase 3
A 2021 crossover study with 18 acne patients found topical 1% CBD cream reduced lesion counts by 45% after 12 weeks
In a 2018 animal model extrapolated to humans, CBD at 600mg protected against neurodegeneration in Parkinson's models by 40%
A 2020 study on 29 multiple sclerosis patients reported 10mg/kg CBD improved spasticity by 30% on Ashworth scale after 15 weeks
CBD vaporized at 100mg acutely reduced cigarette consumption by 40% in 30 tobacco-dependent users in a 2018 study
A 2019 RCT with 66 Crohn's disease patients found 10mg/kg CBD twice daily induced remission in 28% versus 13% placebo after 8 weeks
In 2022 research, 600mg CBD pre-treatment reduced exercise-induced muscle damage markers by 20% in 16 athletes
A 2016 study showed transdermal CBD at 6.2mg/day alleviated chemotherapy-induced nausea in 121 patients by 65%
CBD at 300mg improved cognitive function by 15% in 24 healthy volunteers under stress in a 2018 study
A 2021 trial with 40 diabetes patients found 100mg/day CBD lowered HbA1c by 0.5% after 8 weeks
In a 2017 study, 400mg CBD reduced blood pressure by 6 mmHg systolic in 9 healthy males during stress tests
A 2023 meta-analysis of 17 RCTs (825 participants) confirmed CBD reduces seizure frequency by 50% in 40-50% of refractory epilepsy cases
Topical CBD gel (250mg) reduced psoriasis severity by 35% in 20 patients after 12 weeks in 2020 study
CBD at 25mg/kg/day improved autism spectrum behaviors by 25% on ABC scale in 150 children over 12 weeks, 2021 study
A 2019 study found 600mg CBD acutely attenuated amygdala activity by 30% in 16 healthy subjects during fear processing
In 2022, 150mg CBD daily enhanced mood by 18% on BDI scale in 60 depression patients adjunctively
CBD nanoemulsion (50mg) improved wound healing by 40% in diabetic mouse models, human-relevant 2021 study
A 2018 RCT showed 100mg CBD reduced alcohol consumption by 25% in 25 dependent individuals
In 2020 research, sublingual 25mg CBD alleviated menstrual pain by 32% VAS reduction in 35 women
CBD at 400mg/day decreased IBS symptom severity by 28% in 36 patients over 10 weeks, 2019 study

Health Benefits Interpretation

From the clinical data, it appears CBD functions as a remarkably versatile pharmacological Swiss Army knife, effectively reducing symptoms across a spectrum of debilitating conditions—from dialing down anxiety and seizure frequency to easing chronic pain and cravings—yet it insists on being treated not as a cure-all but as a serious, dose-dependent therapeutic agent that consistently outperforms placebo when properly administered.

Legal Status

FDA approved Epidiolex as first CBD drug in 2018 for two epilepsy syndromes
2018 U.S. Farm Bill legalized hemp-derived CBD (<0.3% THC) federally
As of 2023, 38 U.S. states allow medical CBD, 24 recreational cannabis (CBD included)
EU Novel Food regulation classifies CBD as novel, requiring authorization; only Epidiolex approved
Canada legalized CBD nationwide in 2018 under Cannabis Act
UK legalized CBD products <1mg THC per container in 2018 via MHRA
Australia approved nabiximols (CBD+THC) for MS in 2019; pure CBD Schedule 4
Brazil legalized CBD imports for medical use in 2015 via ANVISA RDC 11
Switzerland allows CBD <1% THC since 2021 federal decree
FDA issued 15 warning letters to CBD firms for unapproved claims in 2019-2020
DEA rescheduled Epidiolex from Schedule I to V in 2018
As of 2023, 50 countries have some form of medical CBD access, per Project CBD
Georgia first U.S. state to legalize low-THC CBD oil in 2015 for medical use
WHO 2018 review found CBD not scheduled internationally, recommended no control
Mexico legalized medical CBD in 2017, recreational cannabis 2021 reform includes CBD
FDA banned CBD in food/dietary supplements in 2020 guidance
Colombia approved CBD extracts for export since 2016 via Invima
Thailand legalized medical CBD in 2018, became first SE Asia country
Germany legalized medical CBD reimbursement in 2017 via BfArM
U.S. interstate CBD transport legalized if <0.3% THC per 2018 Farm Bill amendment
New Zealand rescheduled CBD to prescription-only in 2020
South Africa allows CBD products <20mg/day without license since 2018
Japan permits Epidiolex import but pure CBD unapproved as of 2023
Israel leads with 25+ CBD clinical trials approved since 2018 medical reform

Legal Status Interpretation

While CBD's global journey resembles a frantic game of regulatory whack-a-mole, its piecemeal legality is being steadily carved out one reluctant government approval at a time.

Market Statistics

Global CBD market size reached $5.3 billion in 2022, growing at 21.2% CAGR from 2023-2030
U.S. CBD sales hit $5.3 billion in 2021, projected to reach $16 billion by 2026 at 33% CAGR
Hemp-derived CBD products generated $1.2 billion in retail sales in 2020 per Brightfield Group
47 million Americans tried CBD in 2021, up 20% from 2020, according to Statista
Online CBD sales accounted for 64% of total U.S. market in 2022, valued at $3.4 billion
Europe CBD market expected to grow from €1.2 billion in 2023 to €6.5 billion by 2030 at 27% CAGR
62% of CBD consumers use it for pain relief, per 2021 Consumer Reports survey (n=2,500)
CBD beverage market projected to reach $1.1 billion by 2025, growing 40% annually
28% CAGR forecasted for CBD pet products market to $1.8 billion by 2028
U.S. CBD gummies segment dominated with 32% market share in 2022 at $1.7 billion sales
14 million UK adults (22%) used CBD in 2022, up from 8% in 2019, per YouGov poll
Global CBD cosmetics market valued at $470 million in 2021, CAGR 31.3% to 2030
75% of U.S. CBD brands launched post-2018 Farm Bill, with 6,000+ products in 2022
Average CBD product price dropped 15% YoY to $0.12/mg in 2022 per BDS Analytics
41% of Americans aware of CBD in 2023, but only 18% regular users, Gallup poll (n=1,000)
CBD vape market share fell to 12% in 2022 from 30% in 2019 due to regulations
Projected 2025 global CBD market: $22 billion, with North America 45% share
55% of CBD users prefer full-spectrum products, 2022 Leafly survey (n=5,000)
U.S. CBD food/drink sales: $2.9 billion in 2022, 25% YoY growth
Asia-Pacific CBD market to grow fastest at 35% CAGR to $2.5 billion by 2030
68% of U.S. retailers stock CBD in 2023, up from 45% in 2020, NRF data
CBD investment reached $15 billion globally in 2022, per PitchBook
Female consumers 60% of CBD market, prefer wellness products, 2021 Nielsen
Millennial usage at 35%, Gen Z 28% of CBD consumers in 2023 U.S. survey
Hemp CBD production in U.S.: 500,000 acres planted in 2022, yield 1,200 lbs/acre

Market Statistics Interpretation

The CBD market is a gummy bear-shaped rocket ship of wellness soaring through a cloud of shifting regulations, fueled by the chronic pain of nearly half of America and landing squarely in the carts of two-thirds of retailers, yet still puzzling the majority who watch it fly by without hopping on board.

Pharmacological Properties

CBD bioavailability is 6-15% for oral capsules, improving to 31-56% with lipid formulations in fasted state, per 2017 PK study (n=8)
CBD half-life averages 18-32 hours after 10mg/kg oral dose in epilepsy patients
CBD inhibits CYP3A4 with Ki=1.5μM and CYP2C19 with Ki=0.8μM in vitro human liver microsomes
Sublingual CBD Cmax 133ng/mL at 19.5mg dose, Tmax 1.25-3 hours, bioavailability ~13-19%, 2010 study
Inhaled CBD reaches plasma peak in 3-10 minutes, bioavailability 31%, versus 6% oral, per 2018 review
CBD binds CB1 receptor with Ki=4350nM, partial agonist at 5HT1A with Ki=17nM
Topical CBD penetrates stratum corneum to 20% dermis depth at 1% concentration in 24 hours ex vivo
CBD induces CYP1A2 but inhibits CYP2D6 moderately (IC50=21μM) in hepatocytes
Nanoemulsion CBD bioavailability 4x higher (34%) than oil (9%) at 10mg/kg oral in dogs, human-relevant
Steady-state plasma CBD 747ng/mL at 20mg/kg/day oral in children, linear PK up to 10mg/kg BID
CBD displaces [3H]CP55940 from CB1 with IC50=80nM but negligible functional agonism
Transdermal CBD flux 0.6μg/cm²/h with enhancer, steady-state 4-6 hours in rat skin model
CBD modulates GPR55 with EC50=0.7μM as antagonist in calcium assays
Oral CBD Vd/F 26,487L, CL/F 1,129mL/min in adults, t1/2 60 hours accumulation factor 5.6
CBD agitates TRPV1 at EC50=3.7μM, mediating analgesia in patch-clamp studies
Intranasal CBD bioavailability 34-46% in sheep model, Tmax 6-10min
CBD 7-OH metabolite active, AUC 10% parent after oral 20mg/kg, CYP2C19/3A4 dependent
Microneedle patch CBD delivery 5x permeation vs passive (1.2μg/cm²/h)
CBD allosterically modulates δ-opioid receptor enhancing [3H]leorphine binding
Food effect: high-fat meal increases CBD AUC 4-5x, Cmax 14x at 10mg dose
Vaporized CBD 100mg yields plasma Cmax 124ng/mL at 0.083h in smokers
CBD equilibrates BBB rapidly, brain:plasma ratio 18.5:1 at 30min IV 120mg/kg in rats
Self-emulsifying CBD formulation bioavailability 21% vs 6% oil at 10mg in humans (n=12)
Inverse agonism at GPR18 with Ki=334nM for CBD in [35S]GTPγS assay
Rectal CBD suppository bioavailability ~15%, Tmax 1.5-2h in PK study (n=10)

Pharmacological Properties Interpretation

CBD is a deliciously fickle molecule whose effects depend entirely on whether your body feels like absorbing it that day and how cleverly you sneak it past the front door.

Side Effects

Common side effect of oral CBD is somnolence, occurring in 21% of patients at 20mg/kg/day in Epidiolex trials with 516 participants
Diarrhea reported in 20% of CBD users at doses >10mg/kg/day versus 10% placebo in a 2019 epilepsy study of 199 patients
Decreased appetite seen in 16% of pediatric epilepsy patients on 10mg/kg CBD twice daily over 48 weeks
Elevated liver enzymes (ALT >3x ULN) in 11% of adults on 20mg/kg/day CBD versus 4% placebo in 14-week trial
Fatigue occurred in 13% of 225 Lennox-Gastaut patients on Epidiolex 20mg/kg/day in Phase 3 study
A 2021 survey of 1,281 CBD users found dry mouth in 15% and dizziness in 9% at average 25mg/day doses
Drug interactions: CBD increased plasma levels of clobazam by 3-fold at 10mg/kg/day in 13 patients
Nausea reported in 9% of healthy volunteers taking 1500mg single dose CBD in pharmacokinetic study
In 2020 study, 600mg CBD caused mild hypotension in 12% of 32 stress-tested subjects
Pruritus (itching) in 7% of topical CBD users (1% cream) in 2019 dermatology trial with 50 patients
A 2018 review noted thrombocytopenia in 5% of long-term CBD users >1000mg/day
Sedation increased by 18% with CBD + THC versus THC alone in 24 chronic pain patients
In 2022, 8% of 400 surveyed users reported anxiety paradoxically at low doses (<10mg)
CBD at 100mg vaporized caused cough in 11% of 30 naive users in acute study
Weight loss of >5% bodyweight in 6% of epilepsy patients on high-dose CBD over 1 year
Rash occurred in 4% of pediatric patients on Epidiolex in expanded access program (n=117)
A 2021 PK study showed CBD inhibits CYP2C19, raising nortriptyline levels 2.5x in 12 subjects
Insomnia rebound in 10% upon CBD discontinuation after 4 weeks at 160mg/night
In 2019, 14% of 397 epilepsy patients had pyrexia on CBD therapy
Elevated GGT in 7% of long-term users (48 weeks) at 20mg/kg/day
Irritability in 5% of autism children on 25mg/kg CBD after 12 weeks
Palpitations rare (2%) but noted in high-dose (1500mg) single administration trials
A 2020 survey (n=2,701) reported 3% GI upset with oral CBD oils averaging 50mg/day
Contact dermatitis in 3% from transdermal CBD patches in 2018 study (n=100)
CBD use linked to 4% increase in suicidal ideation in schizophrenia adjunct trial (n=43)
Ataxia in 6% of Dravet patients on Epidiolex Phase 3 (n=67)

Side Effects Interpretation

CBD may offer therapeutic benefits, but its side effect profile reads like a comprehensive, albeit drowsy, tour of the human anatomy.

Sources & References

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