GITNUXSOFTWARE ADVICE
Education LearningTop 10 Best Book Outline Software of 2026
Compare the top 10 Book Outline Software for 2026. Review Notion, Scrivener, and Campfire Writing picks for outlining and planning.
How we ranked these tools
Core product claims cross-referenced against official documentation, changelogs, and independent technical reviews.
Analyzed video reviews and hundreds of written evaluations to capture real-world user experiences with each tool.
AI persona simulations modeled how different user types would experience each tool across common use cases and workflows.
Final rankings reviewed and approved by our editorial team with authority to override AI-generated scores based on domain expertise.
Score: Features 40% · Ease 30% · Value 30%
Gitnux may earn a commission through links on this page — this does not influence rankings. Editorial policy
Editor’s top 3 picks
Three quick recommendations before you dive into the full comparison below — each one leads on a different dimension.
Notion
Databases with relational properties for scenes, characters, and themes
Built for writers and small teams managing structured book outlines with cross-references.
Scrivener
Snapshots for capturing outline and manuscript states during iterative planning
Built for authors outlining novels who want planning, drafting, and research in one workspace.
Campfire Writing
Hierarchical scene and chapter cards that support rapid plot reordering
Built for writers needing structured plot outlines and quick reordering.
Related reading
Comparison Table
This comparison table evaluates Book Outline Software tools used to plan chapters, map story structure, and organize research for writing projects. It contrasts solutions such as Notion, Scrivener, Campfire Writing, yWriter, and Bibisco across practical capabilities like outlining workflows, section organization, export options, and template support. The goal is to help readers match each tool to specific outlining and project-management needs.
| # | Tool | Category | Overall | Features | Ease of Use | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Notion Provides page-based outlining, nested databases, and linked views for drafting book outlines with templates and collaboration. | all-in-one | 8.6/10 | 9.0/10 | 8.4/10 | 8.1/10 |
| 2 | Scrivener Uses a research and draft binder plus flexible corkboard-style index cards to build structured book outlines. | writing workbench | 8.3/10 | 9.0/10 | 7.6/10 | 8.1/10 |
| 3 | Campfire Writing Builds story and chapter outlines with cards, scenes, and timeline-style structure for narrative planning. | story planning | 8.1/10 | 8.2/10 | 8.6/10 | 7.4/10 |
| 4 | yWriter Organizes writing into projects with chapters, scenes, and notes so book outlines map directly to draft components. | freeform planning | 7.3/10 | 7.4/10 | 7.6/10 | 7.0/10 |
| 5 | Bibisco Generates book and chapter outlines with character and plot tracking to support structured writing plans. | story mapping | 7.4/10 | 7.6/10 | 7.3/10 | 7.3/10 |
| 6 | Dabble Plans chapters and scenes using an outline-first workspace with writing and organization tools. | writing suite | 7.4/10 | 7.2/10 | 8.0/10 | 7.1/10 |
| 7 | ProWritingAid Supports drafting and revision workflows with structure and style checks that help refine outline-to-draft consistency. | editorial QA | 7.4/10 | 7.3/10 | 8.0/10 | 6.8/10 |
| 8 | Miro Creates visual outlines with boards, frames, and sticky-note hierarchies for chapter-level planning. | visual outlining | 8.2/10 | 8.7/10 | 8.0/10 | 7.6/10 |
| 9 | MindMeister Builds mind maps to structure book chapters and subtopics with quick reorganization and export options. | mind-mapping | 7.7/10 | 8.2/10 | 7.7/10 | 7.0/10 |
| 10 | XMind Creates hierarchical topic outlines through mind maps and export-ready structures for chapter planning. | hierarchical outlining | 7.2/10 | 7.3/10 | 7.6/10 | 6.6/10 |
Provides page-based outlining, nested databases, and linked views for drafting book outlines with templates and collaboration.
Uses a research and draft binder plus flexible corkboard-style index cards to build structured book outlines.
Builds story and chapter outlines with cards, scenes, and timeline-style structure for narrative planning.
Organizes writing into projects with chapters, scenes, and notes so book outlines map directly to draft components.
Generates book and chapter outlines with character and plot tracking to support structured writing plans.
Plans chapters and scenes using an outline-first workspace with writing and organization tools.
Supports drafting and revision workflows with structure and style checks that help refine outline-to-draft consistency.
Creates visual outlines with boards, frames, and sticky-note hierarchies for chapter-level planning.
Builds mind maps to structure book chapters and subtopics with quick reorganization and export options.
Creates hierarchical topic outlines through mind maps and export-ready structures for chapter planning.
Notion
all-in-oneProvides page-based outlining, nested databases, and linked views for drafting book outlines with templates and collaboration.
Databases with relational properties for scenes, characters, and themes
Notion stands out by combining outline-first writing with database-backed organization in a single workspace. Book outlines can be built as structured pages with nested sections, then upgraded into databases for characters, chapters, scenes, and themes. Linking and cross-referencing keep relationships visible as the manuscript evolves. Flexible templates and custom views support both top-down planning and granular revision workflows.
Pros
- Nested pages turn chapter outlines into easily navigable document structures
- Databases support characters, scenes, and themes with reusable properties
- Backlinks and linked references reveal cross-chapter dependencies quickly
- Custom views show the same content by status, theme, or character involvement
- Templates speed up repeatable chapter and scene formatting
Cons
- Complex database setups can feel heavy for simple outline-only needs
- Advanced formatting options require manual setup for consistent typography
- Versioning and change history are limited for large editorial workflows
- Long outlines with many relations can become slower to browse
Best For
Writers and small teams managing structured book outlines with cross-references
More related reading
Scrivener
writing workbenchUses a research and draft binder plus flexible corkboard-style index cards to build structured book outlines.
Snapshots for capturing outline and manuscript states during iterative planning
Scrivener stands out for turning long-form writing into a structured workspace with built-in manuscript organization and flexible planning views. It supports corkboard-style outlining, custom document indexing, and snapshot-based versioning to track evolving chapter plans. Its research management keeps notes, sources, and draft content tied to specific story elements, which supports iterative outlining. For book outlines, it excels at mapping scenes or sections into a navigable structure while drafting continues.
Pros
- Corkboard and index cards make chapter-level outlining fast and visual
- Flexible document hierarchy supports sections, scenes, and supporting materials
- Drafting, research, and notes stay linked inside one organized project
- Snapshots track outline and draft changes over time without losing history
- Navigation tools like search and compile support moving from plan to book
Cons
- Outlining features require setup of collections, keywords, and templates
- Workspace concepts like binder organization can feel heavy at first
- True timeline or graph-based dependencies are limited versus dedicated planners
- Complex compile workflows can become intricate for repeat formatting needs
Best For
Authors outlining novels who want planning, drafting, and research in one workspace
Campfire Writing
story planningBuilds story and chapter outlines with cards, scenes, and timeline-style structure for narrative planning.
Hierarchical scene and chapter cards that support rapid plot reordering
Campfire Writing centers book outlining around a story-first workspace with structured nodes for scenes, chapters, and beats. It supports outlining workflows with drag-and-drop ordering and clear hierarchy so plot elements stay easy to scan. The tool provides lightweight writing scaffolding that reduces blank-page friction during revision passes. Overall, it focuses on organizing narrative logic rather than building complex documentation systems.
Pros
- Scene and chapter hierarchy keeps outlines readable during heavy revision
- Drag-and-drop ordering speeds up restructuring without losing context
- Fast, focused interface supports iterative plotting and outlining
Cons
- Outline-to-draft tools feel lighter than full writing suites
- Limited advanced project analytics for pacing and structure
- Large outlines can become harder to navigate at scale
Best For
Writers needing structured plot outlines and quick reordering
More related reading
yWriter
freeform planningOrganizes writing into projects with chapters, scenes, and notes so book outlines map directly to draft components.
Scene Manager that links scene notes, goals, and writing progress inside each chapter
yWriter is distinct for treating outlining as a chapter and scene writing workflow, with data entry centered on story units. It supports scene-level planning, character lists, and a structured manuscript view that keeps outline material attached to writing. The tool focuses on practical scene tracking and organization rather than advanced planning diagrams. Export and organization features serve book production tasks, but collaboration and polish for large teams are limited.
Pros
- Scene-by-scene outlining maps directly to chapters for clear story structure
- Character and setting tracking helps keep notes consistent across writing
- Manuscript view organizes your work by chapters and scenes
Cons
- Workflow can feel data-entry heavy for diagram-first outlining styles
- Collaboration features are minimal for multi-author projects
- Export formats and presentation options are basic compared to newer tools
Best For
Solo authors planning scene-driven novels using structured chapter workflows
Bibisco
story mappingGenerates book and chapter outlines with character and plot tracking to support structured writing plans.
Card-based scene outline with timeline organization
Bibisco centers book outlining around a structured “cards” workspace that turns plot notes into a navigable narrative plan. It supports scenes, characters, and timeline-based organization so outlining can stay connected across story elements. The tool also provides drafting-ready exports that help move from outline to written chapters. Overall, Bibisco targets writers who want a visual planning workflow rather than a generic text editor.
Pros
- Scene and card-based workflow keeps outlines easy to restructure
- Character and scene links maintain continuity across the narrative
- Timeline-oriented organization supports pacing checks during planning
- Export options streamline the transition from outline to chapters
Cons
- Deep customization of views can feel limited for complex projects
- Large outlines may become harder to scan without strong filters
- Writing support stays outline-first rather than full drafting
Best For
Writers who prefer card-driven scene planning and narrative consistency checks
Dabble
writing suitePlans chapters and scenes using an outline-first workspace with writing and organization tools.
Scene-based outlining with drag-and-drop reordering
Dabble stands out as a writing workspace that focuses on turning ideas into an actionable outline and draft flow. It supports structured book planning with scenes or sections that can be reorganized as the story evolves. The tool emphasizes a clean workflow from outline to writing so authors can stay focused on narrative progress. Formatting and document export help move from planning artifacts into a readable manuscript.
Pros
- Outline-to-draft workflow keeps planning and writing tightly connected
- Scene and section organization supports iterative restructuring
- Clean interface reduces friction during long outlining sessions
- Export-ready outputs support moving from outline to manuscript
Cons
- Outline depth and metadata fields feel limited for complex project tracking
- Long-term versioning and change history are not central to the tool
- Collaboration features are limited for teams needing shared outlining
Best For
Solo authors needing a simple outline workflow that quickly leads to drafting
More related reading
ProWritingAid
editorial QASupports drafting and revision workflows with structure and style checks that help refine outline-to-draft consistency.
Integrated writing reports that detect repeated phrases and inconsistencies inside outlining-driven drafts
ProWritingAid is best known for writing analysis, and that same ecosystem supports book outlining through structured planning workflows and draft feedback. Outline building centers on scene and chapter organization, then uses style and consistency reports to flag pacing, repetition, and weak phrasing across the manuscript. The tool shines as a continuity and quality checker for drafts, while it offers less specialized, visual project management than dedicated outlining suites.
Pros
- Scene and chapter outlining supports consistent structure across long drafts
- Robust writing reports help refine outline-driven prose into cleaner chapters
- Search and cross-checking make it easier to spot repeated concepts and terms
Cons
- Outlining tools are less visual and less workflow-driven than niche competitors
- Key story-beat planning requires manual setup rather than guided templates
- Analysis depth can feel heavier than needed for early-outline brainstorming
Best For
Authors who outline in text then rely on deep draft quality checks
Miro
visual outliningCreates visual outlines with boards, frames, and sticky-note hierarchies for chapter-level planning.
Frames with sticky-note style cards for organizing chapters, scenes, and beats
Miro stands out for turning book outlining into an interactive whiteboard experience with infinite canvas mapping. Users can build outlines from draggable cards, frames, and structured boards that keep chapters, scenes, and beats visually connected. The tool supports collaborative editing, comments, and granular permissions, which helps teams iterate on story structure. Visual diagramming features also let writers transform an outline into timelines, mind maps, and flowcharts without switching tools.
Pros
- Infinite canvas enables large, non-linear chapter and scene planning
- Frames and templates speed up repeatable outline layouts
- Live collaboration with comments supports editorial feedback loops
- Diagram tools help convert outline into timelines and flowcharts
- Powerful searching and link-based navigation reduce outline sprawl
Cons
- Outlines can become messy without strict naming and structure
- Text-heavy drafting feels slower than dedicated writing tools
- Board permissions and versions can be confusing for new teams
Best For
Teams using visual story mapping for chapter, scene, and beat outlines
More related reading
MindMeister
mind-mappingBuilds mind maps to structure book chapters and subtopics with quick reorganization and export options.
Real-time collaboration with node-level comments and task assignments
MindMeister stands out for combining mind mapping with an outline-like structure that stays synchronized across edits. It supports collaborative brainstorming, task assignment, and comment threads directly on nodes and branches. Export options cover common document formats, making it usable for turning a visual outline into text-driven materials. Real-time presence and version history strengthen teamwork workflows for book planning sessions.
Pros
- Mind-map-to-outline workflow keeps chapter structure visual and editable
- Real-time collaboration with presence and node-level comments improves co-author planning
- Task markers on branches support turning ideas into actionable writing steps
- Export tools help move outlines from maps into shareable documents
Cons
- Complex maps can become hard to navigate when chapters span many levels
- Text-heavy outlining feels less natural than dedicated document outlining tools
- Deep reorganization in large structures can require multiple manual adjustments
- Branding and layout control in exports can be limited for polished manuscripts
Best For
Authors and writing teams using collaborative mind maps for chapter planning
XMind
hierarchical outliningCreates hierarchical topic outlines through mind maps and export-ready structures for chapter planning.
Convert mind maps into outline views for chapter-by-chapter planning
XMind stands out for creating book outlines with structured mind maps that convert into readable hierarchies. It supports topics, subtopics, notes, and cross-links that help connect scenes, chapters, and themes during outlining. Export options produce formats suitable for drafting workflows, including outlines and images of the map. The app also offers templates and keyboard-driven editing that speed up turning a rough premise into an organized chapter plan.
Pros
- Fast topic expansion for turning ideas into chapter hierarchies
- Cross-linking helps connect themes and recurring plot elements
- Notes per node support drafting details alongside the outline
- Multiple export formats support sharing and turning maps into outlines
- Templates accelerate starting a structured book outline
Cons
- Outlines can become hard to manage at very large chapter counts
- Writing-mode features for long-form drafting are limited compared to document tools
- Relationship management depends on manual linking for complex continuities
- Versioning and change history are not strong for collaborative outlining
- Styling control is less granular than specialized publishing workflow software
Best For
Solo writers mapping chapter structure with cross-linked themes
How to Choose the Right Book Outline Software
This buyer's guide explains how to pick book outline software using concrete workflows from Notion, Scrivener, Campfire Writing, yWriter, Bibisco, Dabble, ProWritingAid, Miro, MindMeister, and XMind. It covers key capabilities for chapter and scene planning, visual mapping, and outline-to-draft consistency. It also highlights common setup pitfalls that show up across these tools so selection decisions match real outlining needs.
What Is Book Outline Software?
Book outline software helps writers plan story structure by organizing chapters, scenes, characters, and themes into editable outlines. The software reduces blank-page planning friction by turning narrative ideas into hierarchies like scene cards, topic trees, or database-driven relationships. Tools like Scrivener support outlining with binder organization and corkboard-style cards. Tools like Notion support page-based outlines connected to databases and linked references across chapters.
Key Features to Look For
These capabilities determine whether outlining stays readable during revisions or becomes cluttered when outlines grow.
Relational outline structure for scenes, characters, and themes
Notion uses databases with relational properties so scenes, characters, and themes can be tracked with reusable properties and linked views. This helps cross-chapter dependencies surface quickly using backlinks and linked references, especially when the manuscript evolves.
Visual hierarchy with cards for rapid reordering
Campfire Writing uses hierarchical scene and chapter cards with drag-and-drop ordering so plot changes remain easy during revision passes. Dabble provides scene-based outlining with drag-and-drop reordering so authors can reorganize sections without rebuilding the entire plan.
Snapshot-style planning history for iterative outline states
Scrivener includes snapshots that capture outline and manuscript states during iterative planning. This makes it practical to compare earlier chapter plans with later changes without losing the planning trail.
Node-level collaboration and task assignment on ideas
MindMeister supports real-time collaboration with node-level comments and task assignments on branches. This keeps co-authors aligned on chapter subtopics while converting brainstorming into action items.
Infinite-canvas visual mapping for large non-linear outlines
Miro’s infinite canvas enables large, non-linear chapter and scene planning with draggable frames and sticky-note style cards. Its diagram tools help transform outlines into timelines, mind maps, and flowcharts without switching tools.
Outline-to-draft consistency checks that detect repetition and inconsistency
ProWritingAid provides integrated writing reports that flag repeated phrases and inconsistencies. It supports scene and chapter outlining while using robust writing reports to refine outline-driven prose into cleaner chapters.
How to Choose the Right Book Outline Software
Selection should match the required structure, revision style, and collaboration needs of the book project.
Choose a planning model that matches how structure is edited
For relationship-heavy planning, Notion supports databases with relational properties so scenes, characters, and themes can be connected and filtered through linked views. For card-first restructuring, Campfire Writing and Dabble use scene and chapter cards with drag-and-drop ordering so chapter movement stays fast during ongoing revisions.
Verify how the tool organizes growth from outline to manuscript
Scrivener pairs corkboard-style index cards with a draft binder so outlining and drafting and research stay inside one organized project. Dabble focuses on a clean outline-to-draft flow with export-ready outputs so authors can move planning artifacts into a readable manuscript.
Confirm how you will track changes across outline iterations
If planning requires frequent backtracking, Scrivener’s snapshot-based history helps capture outline and manuscript states over time. If change history is not a priority, XMind and Bibisco still support structured chapter planning through topic hierarchies and card timelines, but their relationship management relies more on manual linking.
Match collaboration intensity to the tool’s native editing model
Teams needing shared visual planning should consider Miro with live collaboration, comments, and granular permissions on boards and frames. For co-authoring on conceptual branches, MindMeister adds node-level comments and task assignment so chapter subtopics can be reviewed with accountability.
Stress-test navigation for long outlines and many connections
Notion can slow down to browse when long outlines contain many relations, so linked-view planning should be designed around filters and focused views. XMind can become hard to manage at very large chapter counts, while Bibisco may require stronger scanning filters when outlines grow.
Who Needs Book Outline Software?
Different writing styles need different structure tools, from database-driven continuity to visual card planning.
Writers and small teams managing structured outlines with cross-references
Notion fits this need because databases with relational properties connect scenes, characters, and themes and linked views can display the same content by status or involvement. Miro also fits teams because frames and sticky-note cards support collaborative planning and comments across chapter and beat maps.
Novel authors who want planning, drafting, and research in one workspace
Scrivener is built for this workflow with a research and draft binder plus corkboard-style index cards. It also adds snapshots to track outline and manuscript states during iterative planning so story structure evolves without losing earlier plans.
Writers who reorder plot frequently using a scene-first workflow
Campfire Writing and Dabble both emphasize drag-and-drop ordering for hierarchical scene and chapter planning. This supports rapid restructuring while keeping outlines readable during revision passes.
Authors who prefer collaborative brainstorming with mind-map branches
MindMeister supports real-time collaboration with node-level comments and task assignments so chapter subtopics become actionable. Miro complements brainstorming with infinite-canvas diagram tools that can shift outlines into timelines and flowcharts.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Several recurring issues come from choosing the wrong complexity level for the outline workflow or neglecting navigation and setup constraints.
Overbuilding a database model when the goal is simple outline-only planning
Notion can feel heavy when advanced database setups are used for outline-only needs, especially before relationships and views are fully designed. Dabble avoids this by keeping an outline-first workflow centered on scene organization and export-ready outputs.
Relying on visual maps without enforcing structure and naming
Miro boards can become messy if strict naming and structure are not maintained, which makes long outline navigation slower. XMind also depends on manual linking for complex continuities, so relationship accuracy can degrade without consistent linking discipline.
Skipping change history for frequently revised plans
Scrivener’s snapshots provide a concrete way to capture outline and manuscript states during iterative planning. Tools that treat versioning and change history as limited, such as XMind and Dabble, can make it harder to recover older planning states.
Choosing outline tools that are too light when analytical consistency checks are required
Campfire Writing and Bibisco focus on plot organization and timeline structure rather than deep quality diagnostics, so repeated phrases and inconsistency detection must be handled elsewhere. ProWritingAid covers this gap with integrated writing reports that detect repeated phrases and inconsistencies inside outline-driven drafts.
How We Selected and Ranked These Tools
We evaluated every tool on three sub-dimensions: features with weight 0.4, ease of use with weight 0.3, and value with weight 0.3. The overall rating is the weighted average of those three inputs, computed as overall = 0.40 × features + 0.30 × ease of use + 0.30 × value. Notion separated from lower-ranked tools on features because database-backed relational properties connect scenes, characters, and themes with linked views and backlinks, which directly supports cross-chapter continuity during revisions. That combination also benefits ease of use when writers need to filter the same outline content by character, theme, or status without rebuilding views.
Frequently Asked Questions About Book Outline Software
Which book outline tool works best when outlines need to become structured data for characters, scenes, and themes?
Notion fits that workflow because it stores outlines as structured pages and then upgrades planning into database-backed relationships for chapters, scenes, characters, and themes. Linking keeps cross-references visible as revisions change story logic.
Which option is strongest for iterative outlining while drafting keeps moving in parallel?
Scrivener fits iterative planning because it uses snapshot-based versioning to capture outline and manuscript states during change cycles. It also keeps research notes tied to specific story elements so scene updates stay connected to supporting material.
Which tools support fast drag-and-drop reordering without requiring complex restructuring?
Campfire Writing supports drag-and-drop ordering with clear hierarchy so chapters and scene beats stay easy to scan during reorders. Dabble also uses scene-based outlining with drag-and-drop movement to keep the outline aligned with the current draft direction.
Which software suits writers who want to plan at the scene level and track writing progress inside each chapter?
yWriter fits scene-driven planning because it centers outlining as chapter and scene writing workflow and links scene notes, goals, and writing progress inside each chapter. That structure stays focused on practical scene management rather than diagram-heavy planning.
Which tool is best when a visual cards or timeline view is required for narrative consistency checks?
Bibisco fits because its card-driven workspace turns plot notes into a navigable narrative plan with timeline-based organization. Miro also supports visual narrative mapping on an infinite canvas, which helps spot structure issues across chapters and beats.
Which tools help teams collaborate on story structure with comments and permissions at the node or card level?
Miro supports collaborative editing with comments and granular permissions on frames and card-like elements for chapters, scenes, and beats. MindMeister adds node-level comments, task assignments, and real-time presence tied directly to branches in the mind map.
Which solution works best for outlining in text and then running deep quality checks on the resulting draft?
ProWritingAid fits that workflow because outlining can be organized into scene and chapter structure and then validated with style and consistency reports. It flags issues like pacing problems, repetition, and weak phrasing, which helps correct outline-driven manuscripts after drafting.
Which tool is most suitable for converting a mind map into a readable outline hierarchy for chapter-by-chapter planning?
XMind supports that approach by creating topic subtopic mind maps with notes and cross-links, then converting the map into an outline view. It also provides export formats that work with drafting workflows and can include map images for quick reference.
Which option is better when outlines need to stay lightweight and focus on narrative logic instead of documentation systems?
Campfire Writing is designed for lightweight plot scaffolding, using hierarchical scene and chapter cards that keep narrative logic easy to reorder. Dabble also keeps the workflow clean from outline to draft, with formatting and export aimed at turning planning artifacts into readable manuscript text.
Conclusion
After evaluating 10 education learning, Notion stands out as our overall top pick — it scored highest across our combined criteria of features, ease of use, and value, which is why it sits at #1 in the rankings above.
Use the comparison table and detailed reviews above to validate the fit against your own requirements before committing to a tool.
Tools reviewed
Referenced in the comparison table and product reviews above.
Keep exploring
Comparing two specific tools?
Software Alternatives
See head-to-head software comparisons with feature breakdowns, pricing, and our recommendation for each use case.
Explore software alternatives→In this category
Education Learning alternatives
See side-by-side comparisons of education learning tools and pick the right one for your stack.
Compare education learning tools→FOR SOFTWARE VENDORS
Not on this list? Let’s fix that.
Our best-of pages are how many teams discover and compare tools in this space. If you think your product belongs in this lineup, we’d like to hear from you—we’ll walk you through fit and what an editorial entry looks like.
Apply for a ListingWHAT THIS INCLUDES
Where buyers compare
Readers come to these pages to shortlist software—your product shows up in that moment, not in a random sidebar.
Editorial write-up
We describe your product in our own words and check the facts before anything goes live.
On-page brand presence
You appear in the roundup the same way as other tools we cover: name, positioning, and a clear next step for readers who want to learn more.
Kept up to date
We refresh lists on a regular rhythm so the category page stays useful as products and pricing change.