Key Takeaways
- Globally, 736 million women—almost one in three (30%)—have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence, or non-partner sexual violence, or both, at least once in their life, representing 27% who have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence and 6% who have experienced non-partner sexual violence
- In the United States, more than 12 million women and men are victims of rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner each year, with women accounting for 1 in 4 (22.3%) experiencing severe physical violence by an intimate partner
- 1 in 3 women (35.6%) worldwide have experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime, according to WHO data from 161 countries
- Abused women are 1.5 times more likely to suffer from depression compared to non-abused women, with rates up to 48% in abused populations
- Women experiencing IPV have a 1.97-fold increased risk (95% CI 1.56-2.48) of developing depression, based on meta-analysis of 16 studies
- 45-55% of abused women report PTSD symptoms, compared to 7.3% in general female population
- Globally, abused women lose $8.3 billion annually in productivity due to absenteeism and health issues
- In the US, lifetime economic cost of IPV against women is $3.6 trillion over victims' lifetimes, including $1.3 trillion medical and $1.2 trillion lost productivity
- Abused women earn 30-50% less than non-abused peers, with wage gaps persisting up to 10 years post-abuse
- In the US, only 34% of IPV cases result in arrest, with conviction rates at 14% for female victims
- 50% of women murdered by intimate partners had no prior police contact, but of those with contact, 40% had 7+ prior calls
- Only 23% of reported domestic violence incidents lead to prosecution in England and Wales
- Worldwide, 1 in 7 shelters refused women due to capacity, affecting 50,000+ annually
- In US, only 57% of cities have sufficient domestic violence shelters for women
- Hotline calls: National Domestic Violence Hotline receives 300,000 calls/year from women
Intimate partner violence devastates the health and lives of one in three women globally.
Economic Consequences
- Globally, abused women lose $8.3 billion annually in productivity due to absenteeism and health issues
- In the US, lifetime economic cost of IPV against women is $3.6 trillion over victims' lifetimes, including $1.3 trillion medical and $1.2 trillion lost productivity
- Abused women earn 30-50% less than non-abused peers, with wage gaps persisting up to 10 years post-abuse
- 99% of abused women report job disruptions, including 35% losing jobs and 27% quitting due to abuse
- IPV causes US employers $8.3 billion in losses yearly from absenteeism (2.8 days/month for victims)
- Women leaving abusers face 2-3 years of homelessness risk, costing $12,800 per victim in housing instability
- Abused women incur $103 billion in lifetime medical costs in US, 42% higher than non-victims ($5,086 vs. $2,871/year)
- Divorce due to IPV reduces women's household income by 30% on average in first year
- 60% of abused women delay or miss work/promotions, leading to 15-20% career stagnation
- Global economic burden of violence against women is 2% of GDP, or $1.5 trillion annually
- In Australia, IPV costs $13.6 billion yearly, with $4.5 billion in victim health and $2.9 billion lost earnings
- Abused women in UK lose £1.9 billion in earnings yearly due to time off and job loss
- IPV reduces women's lifetime earnings by $19,000-$43,000 depending on severity
- 89% of shelters report women unable to escape due to economic abuse tactics like sabotage
- Economic abuse affects 98% of IPV cases, including forced debt and credit damage costing $590-$12,000 to repair
- Abused women face 2x higher poverty rates (35% vs 17%)
- In Canada, IPV costs $7.4 billion annually, with $1.3 billion in justice system and $2.1 billion victim services
- Women experiencing economic abuse have 40% lower savings and 50% higher debt levels
- IPV leads to 8 million lost workdays yearly in US for women victims
- Property damage from IPV costs US $4.4 billion annually for women victims
- Abused women spend 17% more on transportation to escape/attend appointments
- Lifetime cost per US woman victim of nonfatal IPV is $173,639, including $112,593 lost productivity
- In India, violence against women costs 1.5% of GDP, or INR 1.5 trillion yearly
- Economic dependency traps 70% of abused women, delaying escape by 2 years on average
- IPV reduces women's retirement savings by 25-35% due to career interruptions
- Childcare costs for abused women average $5,000 extra yearly due to instability
- Legal fees for protection orders cost abused women $2,500 on average
Economic Consequences Interpretation
Health Impacts
- Abused women are 1.5 times more likely to suffer from depression compared to non-abused women, with rates up to 48% in abused populations
- Women experiencing IPV have a 1.97-fold increased risk (95% CI 1.56-2.48) of developing depression, based on meta-analysis of 16 studies
- 45-55% of abused women report PTSD symptoms, compared to 7.3% in general female population
- IPV survivors have 2.4 times higher odds of anxiety disorders (OR=2.37, 95% CI 1.61-3.50), per systematic review
- Abused women show 16% higher prevalence of chronic pain conditions like fibromyalgia
- Lifetime IPV exposure increases risk of ischemic heart disease by 1.7 times in women (HR=1.70, 95% CI 1.12-2.58)
- Women with IPV history have 1.5-fold increased risk of stroke (RR=1.49, 95% CI 1.18-1.88), meta-analysis of 32 studies
- IPV associated with 28% increased risk of type 2 diabetes in women (OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.06-1.56)
- Abused women are 2-3 times more likely to attempt suicide, with 25-40% reporting attempts
- Severe physical IPV linked to 50% higher risk of maternal mortality
- IPV during pregnancy increases preterm birth risk by 1.4 times (OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.19-1.57)
- Abused women have 62% higher odds of low birthweight babies (OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.37-1.92), meta-analysis
- Lifetime IPV exposure correlates with 1.9-fold increase in gastrointestinal disorders in women
- Women experiencing IPV have 3 times higher rate of central nervous system disorders
- IPV survivors report 40% higher prevalence of sleep disturbances and insomnia
- Physical abuse linked to 2.1 times increased risk of reproductive health issues like chronic pelvic pain
- Abused women show 35% higher incidence of autoimmune diseases
- IPV associated with 1.8-fold higher risk of cancer diagnoses in women under 50
- Emotional abuse correlates with 50% increased hypertension risk (OR=1.51, 95% CI 1.18-1.94)
- Severe IPV increases injury rates by 5-fold, with 37% of abused women seeking ER care annually
- Abused women have 2.3 times higher obesity rates (OR=2.30, 95% CI 1.74-3.04)
- IPV linked to 1.6-fold increase in arthritis prevalence among women
- Sexual violence survivors have 4 times higher HIV infection risk
- IPV during adolescence doubles asthma exacerbation risk in adulthood
- Abused women exhibit 28% higher all-cause mortality rate over 18 years follow-up
- IPV associated with 45% increased dementia risk in later life (HR=1.45, 95% CI 1.15-1.82)
- Lifetime physical abuse raises osteoporosis fracture risk by 1.7 times
- IPV survivors have 2-fold higher chronic fatigue syndrome prevalence
- Abused women show 30% higher thyroid disorder rates
- Emotional IPV linked to 1.4 times increased irritable bowel syndrome
- IPV increases gynecological issues by 2.5-fold, including fibroids and endometriosis
- Abused women have 50% higher healthcare utilization rates, averaging 17.3 visits/year vs. 11.6
Health Impacts Interpretation
Legal and Justice
- In the US, only 34% of IPV cases result in arrest, with conviction rates at 14% for female victims
- 50% of women murdered by intimate partners had no prior police contact, but of those with contact, 40% had 7+ prior calls
- Only 23% of reported domestic violence incidents lead to prosecution in England and Wales
- In Australia, 76% of family violence matters do not proceed to conviction
- US restraining orders are violated in 85% of cases within 5 years, with 46% within first 2 months
- Globally, only 10% of women who experience violence seek help from police, per WHO
- In India, conviction rate for domestic violence is under 15%, with 90% cases pending over 3 years
- 83% of women inmates in US state prisons report prior IPV victimization
- Police respond to 22 domestic violence calls daily per 100,000 population, but arrest rates are 50%
- In Canada, 71% of police-reported IPV incidents involve female victims, but charges laid in only 40%
- UK courts issue 20,000 domestic violence protection orders yearly, but breach rate is 28%
- In Brazil, femicide convictions average 2% of cases, with 95% impunity rate
- South Africa has conviction rate of 7% for gender-based violence cases
- In Mexico, only 5% of violence complaints against women lead to sentencing
- Russia reports zero femicide convictions under domestic violence laws due to lack thereof
- In the EU, 14% of women report violence to police, but satisfaction with response is 32%
- US mandatory arrest policies increased dual arrests by 30%, unfairly targeting women in 25% cases
- 60% of protection orders in US are not enforced due to resource shortages
- In Turkey, 40% of domestic violence complaints dropped due to victim withdrawal under pressure
- Kenya's conviction rate for sexual violence is 3%, with 89% cases dismissed pre-trial
- In Pakistan, 2% conviction rate for honor killings and domestic violence against women
- Egypt sees 90% acquittal rate in domestic violence trials due to reconciliation mandates
- In Nigeria, only 1 in 10 rape cases reaches prosecution, with 80% attrition rate
- Bangladesh reports 13% conviction rate for violence against women
- In the Philippines, 70% of VAW cases dismissed for lack of evidence despite reporting
- Globally, 94% of countries have laws on domestic violence, but only 58 enforce them effectively
- US women obtain 80% of protective orders, but 70% report violations without arrest
- In France, 25% of domestic violence murders occur despite protection orders
Legal and Justice Interpretation
Prevalence
- Globally, 736 million women—almost one in three (30%)—have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence, or non-partner sexual violence, or both, at least once in their life, representing 27% who have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence and 6% who have experienced non-partner sexual violence
- In the United States, more than 12 million women and men are victims of rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner each year, with women accounting for 1 in 4 (22.3%) experiencing severe physical violence by an intimate partner
- 1 in 3 women (35.6%) worldwide have experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime, according to WHO data from 161 countries
- In the European Union, 1 in 3 women (33%) have experienced physical and/or sexual violence since the age of 15, with 22% reporting physical and/or sexual violence by a partner
- In India, 31.9% of ever-married women aged 15-49 have experienced spousal violence, including 28.6% physical violence and 13.5% sexual violence, per National Family Health Survey-5
- In Australia, 1 in 6 women (16%) have experienced physical and/or sexual violence from a current or previous cohabiting partner since age 15
- In Canada, 44% of women have experienced at least one form of IPV, with 43% reporting emotional abuse, 29% psychological abuse, and 28% physical abuse
- In South Africa, 23.6% of women aged 18+ reported experiencing physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months
- In Brazil, 10.6% of women aged 15+ experienced physical violence by an intimate partner in the last 12 months, per WHO multi-country study
- In the UK, 1 in 4 women (25%) will experience domestic abuse in their lifetime
- In Mexico, 43.9% of women aged 15+ have experienced some form of violence from their partner
- In Egypt, 31% of ever-married women aged 15-49 reported physical violence by husband, per DHS survey
- In Turkey, 38% of women aged 15-59 have experienced physical violence at least once since age 15
- In Russia, 16,000 women are beaten daily by partners, with 14,000 seeking medical help annually
- In Nigeria, 30% of women aged 15-49 experienced physical violence since age 15, per DHS
- In the Philippines, 17.5% of ever-married women experienced physical, sexual, or emotional violence by husband
- In Kenya, 38% of women aged 15-49 experienced physical violence since age 15
- In Bangladesh, 52.3% of ever-married women aged 15-49 experienced spousal violence
- In Peru, 51.4% of women reported lifetime physical or sexual IPV
- In the US, 48.4% of women have experienced psychological aggression by an intimate partner in their lifetime
- In Ethiopia, 69% of women reported experiencing at least one form of IPV in their lifetime
- In Uganda, 55.9% of women aged 15-49 experienced physical violence by partner
- In Zambia, 52.1% of ever-married women experienced physical violence since age 15
- In Tanzania, 54.6% of women aged 15-49 experienced physical violence
- In Rwanda, 51.2% of women reported partner physical violence
- In Ghana, 26.9% of women experienced physical violence by partner in lifetime
- In Morocco, 37% of women aged 18-64 experienced physical violence from husband
- In Jordan, 27.6% of ever-married women experienced physical violence
- In Pakistan, 32.2% of ever-married women aged 15-49 experienced spousal violence
- In high-income countries, 22% of women report lifetime physical and/or sexual IPV, per WHO
Prevalence Interpretation
Support and Interventions
- Worldwide, 1 in 7 shelters refused women due to capacity, affecting 50,000+ annually
- In US, only 57% of cities have sufficient domestic violence shelters for women
- Hotline calls: National Domestic Violence Hotline receives 300,000 calls/year from women
- 92% of women in shelters report improved safety post-stay, but 60% return due to lack of housing
- Therapy reduces PTSD in abused women by 50% after 12 sessions, per RCT studies
- Legal aid helps 75% of women obtain protection orders successfully
- Support groups increase self-efficacy by 40% in IPV survivors after 6 months
- Early intervention programs reduce re-victimization by 64% within 2 years
- In UK, independent domestic violence advisors assist 50,000 women yearly, improving outcomes by 30%
- Australia’s 1800RESPECT helpline handled 1 million contacts in 2022, with 70% women callers
- Batterer intervention programs reduce recidivism by 33% (OR=0.67), meta-analysis of 30 studies
- Women-only support services increase help-seeking by 2.5 times
- Post-shelter transitional housing retains 85% of women stably housed after 1 year
- Cognitive behavioral therapy lowers depression scores by 1.5 SD in abused women
- Peer mentoring programs boost employment rates by 25% for shelter residents
- In Canada, victim services programs serve 100,000+ women yearly, with 80% satisfaction
- Mobile advocacy units reach 40% more rural women, reducing isolation
- Financial literacy programs for survivors increase savings by 200% in 12 months
- Animal-assisted therapy reduces anxiety by 24% in shelter women
- Online support forums engage 1 million women yearly, improving coping by 35%
- Coordinated community response teams reduce IPV homicide by 75%
- In India, one-stop centers aided 500,000 women in 2022, providing integrated services
- Mindfulness interventions cut PTSD symptoms by 40% in IPV survivors
- Child witness programs protect 90% of children from secondary trauma
Support and Interventions Interpretation
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