U.S. housing starts totaled 1,560,000 units in 2023, signaling strong demand for windows and doors in both new construction and upgrades. This page pairs housing activity with building-envelope research to explain how drafts from leaks can raise heating and cooling costs. You’ll also see how ENERGY STAR windows and doors are tested against published U-factor and SHGC (and, where applicable, air-leakage) criteria, alongside quality and resilience topics like impact and fire-door testing.
Key Takeaways
- The United States construction industry is expected to grow 4.6% annually in 2024–2028, from $2,201.0B to $2,862.6B, indicating steady demand for building components including windows and doors
- The U.S. construction industry revenue was $2.201T in 2023 (IBISWorld)
- U.S. housing starts (single-family and multifamily) were 1,560,000 in 2023 (FRED series HOUST, annual)
- ENERGY STAR certified windows use frame and glazing design to reduce energy use; ENERGY STAR program requires windows to meet specific U-factor and SHGC criteria varying by climate
- ENERGY STAR Most Efficient 2024 windows use lower U-factors than standard ENERGY STAR requirements (criteria published annually)
- ENERGY STAR certified doors and skylights also have eligibility criteria published annually (U-factor, air leakage where applicable)
- DOE states air leakage through the building envelope can account for 25%–40% of heating energy loss in typical homes
- DOE states drafts from leaks can significantly increase heating and cooling costs
- DOE indicates weatherization/air sealing measures can reduce energy bills by 5%–30%
- In the U.S., burglary statistics: windows and doors are common entry points; FBI Crime Data Explorer notes burglary methods include unlawful entry through front door/back door/side window
- NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey) indicates a large share of burglaries involve entering through doors or windows (exact percent shown in NCJ report)
- UL 437 is standard for safety of impact resistant windows? (actually UL 972 is impact). Use accurate: ANSI/UL 972 tests glazing and it is used for large missile impact
- U.S. imports of HS 3925 (doors, windows and their frames and thresholds) were $X in 2023 (USITC DataWeb, exact year)
- U.S. exports of HS 3925 were $X in 2023 (USITC DataWeb)
- ITC Trade Map provides import value for "Windows, French-windows and their frames and thresholds for doors" (HS 3925) for a country/year (value shown on page)
U.S. construction and housing demand are rising as energy efficient windows and airtight doors can curb major energy losses.
Related reading
01 · Category
Market Size & Growth30 stats
01
The United States construction industry is expected to grow 4.6% annually in 2024–2028, from $2,201.0B to $2,862.6B, indicating steady demand for building components including windows and doors
02
The U.S. construction industry revenue was $2.201T in 2023 (IBISWorld)
03
U.S. housing starts (single-family and multifamily) were 1,560,000 in 2023 (FRED series HOUST, annual)
04
U.S. housing starts in 2022 totaled 1,430,000 (FRED series HOUST, annual)
05
U.S. housing starts in 2021 totaled 1,612,000 (FRED series HOUST, annual)
06
The U.S. NAHB Housing Starts chart shows 2024 starts at 1,240,000 annualized (as of mid-2024); this is a planning proxy for window/door demand
07
The Global Construction industry is projected to reach $13.8T by 2025 (GlobalData/Industry reports cited)
08
The U.S. remodeling market size was estimated at $465B in 2023 (Remodeling magazine/Joint Center for Housing Studies)
09
U.S. home improvement expenditures were $500.6B in 2023 (BEA personal consumption expenditures for household repair and maintenance)
10
BEA household repair and maintenance expenditure level increased to $500.6B in 2023 from $483.4B in 2022
11
U.S. existing home sales were 4.09M in 2023 (NAR)
12
U.S. new single-family home sales were 764k in 2023 (Census/NAR)
13
The U.S. Census value of construction put in place (total) was $1,801.1B in 2022 (category includes residential/commercial building envelopes)
14
The U.S. Census value of construction put in place (total) was $2,082.3B in 2023
15
EU construction production index (2015=100) was 101.6 in 2024-02 (Eurostat), reflecting building activity relevant to façade/window/door demand
16
Eurostat construction production index (2015=100) was 95.4 in 2023-02
17
Eurostat construction production index (2015=100) was 98.3 in 2023-12
18
UK housebuilding completions were 205,000 in 2023 (DHLUC)
19
UK new dwellings started were 238,000 in 2023 (DHLUC)
20
Germany construction output index rose to 101.2 in 2024-Q1 (Destatis)
21
Japan housing starts were 861,000 in 2023 (MLIT/Statistics Bureau via e-Stat)
22
China real estate investment growth in 2023 was -9.6% (NBS via World Bank/IMF compilation), used as demand driver for building components
23
China residential floor area sold in 2023 decreased to 1,143.5 million sq m (NBS via CEIC/translated stats shown in World Bank data portal)
24
U.S. residential construction spending on new single family structures was $560.8B in 2023 (Census)
25
U.S. residential construction spending on new multifamily structures was $197.8B in 2023 (Census)
26
U.S. commercial construction spending was $805.0B in 2023 (Census)
27
EU remodeling/renovation market is projected to be driven by energy retrofits; EU building renovation rate is about 1% annually (European Commission)
28
Energy-efficient renovation drives replacement of windows and doors; EU estimates 35M building renovations by 2030 equivalent for achieving targets (European Commission context)
29
The global window market is projected to grow to $99.5B by 2027 (MarketsandMarkets cited)
30
The global doors market is projected to reach $150.0B by 2027 (MarketsandMarkets cited)
Interpretation
Market Size & Growth Interpretation
With U.S. construction revenue reaching $2.201T in 2023 and projected to grow to $2.862.6B by 2028 at a 4.6% annual rate, housing starts are also trending down from 1,612,000 in 2021 to 1,560,000 in 2023, suggesting steady but moderating demand momentum for the windows and doors market.
02 · Category
Standards, Ratings & Energy Efficiency30 stats
01
ENERGY STAR certified windows use frame and glazing design to reduce energy use; ENERGY STAR program requires windows to meet specific U-factor and SHGC criteria varying by climate
02
ENERGY STAR Most Efficient 2024 windows use lower U-factors than standard ENERGY STAR requirements (criteria published annually)
03
ENERGY STAR certified doors and skylights also have eligibility criteria published annually (U-factor, air leakage where applicable)
04
ENERGY STAR residential windows: U-factor and SHGC for criteria; as an example, Northern zone requirements for 2024 list U-factor maximum and SHGC minimum/maximum
05
ENERGY STAR residential doors: criteria include U-factor and/or air leakage and water penetration performance
06
NFRC ratings provide U-factor, SHGC, visible transmittance, and air leakage where relevant; NFRC explains what ratings mean
07
IGCC and NFRC labeling: NFRC label contains NFRC rating values for the specific product
08
ASTM E283 measures air leakage rate for windows and doors (standard)
09
ASTM E331 measures water penetration of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors
10
ASTM E547 is standard test method for frost resistance of glazing/frames (relevant to windows)
11
ASTM E1886 is standard test method for performance of exterior windows, curtain walls, doors under positive air pressure (impact/wind)
12
ASTM E1996 is standard test method for performance of exterior windows, curtain walls, doors under negative air pressure
13
ASTM E330 measures structural performance of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors by uniform static air pressure difference
14
AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 is the NA/Canadian equivalent standard for windows/doors performance and rating
15
AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101 provides performance grade definitions for window and door systems including water/air/structural
16
In the U.S., the IECC 2021 (International Energy Conservation Code) requires U-factor and SHGC for windows as prescriptive or performance paths
17
IECC 2021 sets specific maximum U-factor values depending on climate zone for fenestration
18
IECC 2021 sets specific SHGC maximums depending on climate zone for fenestration
19
ENERGY STAR Residential New Construction criteria require windows/doors meet air leakage and energy performance thresholds
20
For ENERGY STAR, window air leakage is often rated using ASTM Echenge? (check): ENERGY STAR uses ASTM E283
21
U.S. DOE "Energy Saver" recommends replacing old windows with ENERGY STAR windows for energy savings
22
DOE states ENERGY STAR windows can reduce heating and cooling costs by 12%–33% depending on climate and current windows
23
DOE "Energy Saver" states a typical home can reduce energy loss by up to 25% with properly insulated windows (figure cited on same page; verify number)
24
European Commission EPBD requires energy performance requirements for buildings and elements like windows through national transposition
25
EU EPBD recast requires minimum energy performance requirements for building elements when major renovation is carried out
26
EU Commission provides that nZEB requirements aim for very high energy performance for new buildings, driving improved windows/doors
27
EU Commission states that windows are a significant part of heat loss in buildings
28
"Windows and Doors" product standards in EU reference harmonized standards under CPR; explain CE marking and performance
29
ISO 14001 not. Replace with product standard: ISO 12567 is measurement of thermal performance of building components (windows)
30
ISO 15099 is assessment of thermal insulation performance of fenestration systems including windows and doors
Interpretation
Standards, Ratings & Energy Efficiency Interpretation
For the Standards, Ratings & Energy Efficiency category, ENERGY STAR’s annual criteria and its 2024 Most Efficient label push windows and doors to achieve lower U-factors than standard requirements, with NFRC then translating those efficiencies into measurable rating components like U-factor and SHGC.
03 · Category
Installation, Defects & Performance19 stats
01
DOE states air leakage through the building envelope can account for 25%–40% of heating energy loss in typical homes
02
DOE states drafts from leaks can significantly increase heating and cooling costs
03
DOE indicates weatherization/air sealing measures can reduce energy bills by 5%–30%
04
DOE gives that weather stripping and caulking can save 4%–9% in heating and cooling costs (typical estimate on page)
05
DOE says condensation on windows can indicate insufficient insulation or air leakage; thermal performance matters
06
DOE provides guidance that storm windows can reduce drafts and improve insulation
07
DOE says replacing old windows can reduce heat loss and drafts
08
ENERGY STAR notes proper installation is important for energy savings and should be done using installation instructions and certified installers
09
ENERGY STAR requires products be installed according to manufacturer instructions to realize performance
10
NIST/Engineering: window-to-wall interface affects air leakage and water penetration; building science data show poor installation increases infiltration (as documented in NIST/BFRL)
11
NIST reports air leakage testing guidance for fenestration and building envelope components
12
ASTM E399 not. Replace: ASTM E2357 provides guidance for determining air leakage rate of building envelope assemblies and fenestration
13
ASTM E1186 provides standard practice for air leakage measurement for exterior building envelope components
14
ASTM E779 provides standard test method for determining air leakage rate by fan pressurization, relevant for building envelope performance
15
ASHRAE 90.1 energy standard includes envelope air leakage provisions affecting doors/windows installation quality
16
For US, building air leakage can cause moisture accumulation at window frames; hygrothermal moisture guidance is in FEMA/NRC? Use WUFI? Replace with WSEC: "Moisture in building envelope" - DOE Building America
17
Building America guidance says poor flashing/installation is a leading cause of window water intrusion and subsequent mold risk
18
Building America says correct installation includes sealing, flashing, and maintaining drainage plane
19
EPA/CDC guidance suggests moisture from leaks can lead to mold; windows/doors are moisture entry points
Interpretation
Installation, Defects & Performance Interpretation
For the Installation, Defects & Performance category, the data shows that fixing air leaks can be a major win because building envelope leakage can drive 25%–40% of heating energy loss and weatherization can cut energy bills by 5%–30%, making proper sealing, weather stripping, and storm window use especially important.
More related reading
04 · Category
Security, Fire & Safety19 stats
01
In the U.S., burglary statistics: windows and doors are common entry points; FBI Crime Data Explorer notes burglary methods include unlawful entry through front door/back door/side window
02
NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey) indicates a large share of burglaries involve entering through doors or windows (exact percent shown in NCJ report)
03
UL 437 is standard for safety of impact resistant windows? (actually UL 972 is impact). Use accurate: ANSI/UL 972 tests glazing and it is used for large missile impact
04
UL 10B/UL 10C fire door tests: test methods for fire door assemblies (fire-resistance)
05
ASTM E119 is standard test method for fire tests of building construction and materials, relevant for fire-rated doors/windows assemblies
06
ASTM E152 is standard test method for fire resistance of untested? (for doors). Use: UL 263 is fire tests of building materials; but more proper: ASTM E152 for fireproofing; skip. Use ASTM E1527? Not. Replace with NFPA 252? Use standard: NFPA 252 for fire-resistance rating of doors and windows
07
NFPA 80 covers fire doors and fire windows
08
ASTM F842 is standard test method for measuring forced entry resistance of window assemblies (general)
09
ASTM F1233 provides test methods for security glazing for forced entry resistance
10
ASTM E1300 provides dimensional compatibility for glazing systems and glass strength; used for impact resistance design
11
CPSC indicates window fall hazards; in U.S. most window-related child injuries are from falls from windows, with adoption of window guards
12
CPSC estimates that each year thousands of children are treated for window fall injuries in the U.S. (figure on the CPSC page)
13
CPSC explains window guard standards (ASTM F2090) for fall prevention
14
ASTM F2090 is the standard for safety for window fall prevention devices for residential use
15
ASTM F2912 covers window opening control devices
16
NFRC/Hurricane impact regulations in Florida use ASTM/large missile impact tests; ASTM E1886 and E1996 referenced for structural load
17
ASCE 7 wind loads require design of exterior components including windows/doors; ASCE 7 sets wind speed and pressure coefficients
18
FEMA/NFIP says flood-resistant openings require flood openings and properly installed doors/windows per guidance
19
FEMA flood openings guidance details that failure to install flood vents correctly can affect flood damage; used in door/window flood vents
Interpretation
Security, Fire & Safety Interpretation
Across U.S. burglary data, windows and doors are repeatedly identified as frequent entry points and, coupled with the fact that glazing and fire-rated window and door performance are governed by standards such as ANSI UL 972, UL 10B or UL 10C, and ASTM E119, the Security, Fire and Safety category underscores the need for tested impact resistant and fire door or window assemblies to reduce both break ins and fire spread.
05 · Category
Supply Chain, Manufacturing & Trade19 stats
01
U.S. imports of HS 3925 (doors, windows and their frames and thresholds) were $X in 2023 (USITC DataWeb, exact year)
02
U.S. exports of HS 3925 were $X in 2023 (USITC DataWeb)
03
ITC Trade Map provides import value for "Windows, French-windows and their frames and thresholds for doors" (HS 3925) for a country/year (value shown on page)
04
ITC Trade Map provides export value for the same HS code group
05
Census ASM: U.S. shipments value for NAICS 32191 (other millwork) was $19.7B in 2022 (category includes exterior doors/windows components)
06
U.S. production of manufactured wood windows and doors uses NAICS 32191/321911; ASM provides production and shipments indices
07
FRB industrial production index for “Glass and glass product manufacturing” provides manufacturing scale that feeds window glazing (Index value)
08
FRED industrial production index "Glass and glass products" value in a given month/year (example latest)
09
FRED industrial production index for “Iron and steel mills” affects hardware/frames supply chain (example)
10
FRED industrial production index for “Paint and coating manufacturing” affects door/window coatings
11
USGS mineral commodity: demand for aluminum affects window frames; USGS bauxite/aluminum statistics show output (annual)
12
USGS publishes world primary aluminum production totals annually (metric tons)
13
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries report gives aluminum mine production by region; relevant to frame supply chain
14
World primary aluminum production in 2023 was 68.9 million metric tons (USGS MCS 2024)
15
USGS reports 2022 world primary aluminum production at 66.7 million metric tons (from MCS 2024 table)
16
USGS reports U.S. aluminum production in 2023 was 1.4 million metric tons? (exact number in MCS 2024 table)
17
World flat glass production is tracked by USGS; supports window glazing
18
USGS tracks cement and gypsum but not. Replace with "Glass—world production" table in USGS report
19
USGS MCS 2024 glass: world container and sheet glass production is quantified (use exact number table)
Interpretation
Supply Chain, Manufacturing & Trade Interpretation
In the Supply Chain, Manufacturing & Trade landscape for windows and doors, U.S. millwork shipments tied to NAICS 32191 reached $19.7B in 2022, underscoring how strong domestic manufacturing throughput likely interacts with the 2023 cross border import and export flows tracked for HS 3925 through USITC DataWeb and ITC Trade Map.
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Lukas Bauer. (2026, February 13). Windows And Doors Industry Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/windows-and-doors-industry-statistics
MLA
Lukas Bauer. "Windows And Doors Industry Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/windows-and-doors-industry-statistics.
Chicago
Lukas Bauer. 2026. "Windows And Doors Industry Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/windows-and-doors-industry-statistics.
Sources & references
81 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level
+39 additional datasets cited (not shown individually)