From £7.4bn flowing into the UK economy in 2019 to 139,000 jobs supported and 5.9m people playing golf across Great Britain, the numbers show that UK golf is far more than just a game.
Key Takeaways
- The UK golf industry was worth £7.4bn to the UK economy in 2019
- Golf contributed £3.3bn in Gross Value Added (GVA) to the UK economy in 2019
- Golf generated £1.6bn of wages and salaries in the UK in 2019
- The “Sports Participation in the UK” headline figure for golf participation in Great Britain is 5.9m participants (from Sport England/Active Lives figures reported for 2022-23)
- Sport England Active Lives survey reports golf participation among adults in England at 5.3m (annual estimate shown on the participation page)
- The UK Active Lives data includes “golf participation” with participation measured as adults who played golf in the last 28 days
- The R&A and England Golf/industry research “Golf and the Environment” states that UK golf courses have active environmental management (specific numeric metrics embedded in the report)
- The R&A “Climate Action Plan” references golf’s commitment and reporting structure with numeric targets listed in the plan documents
- GEO Foundation UK/Europe “Sustainability and Golf” materials set out that golf can reduce course water use through specific irrigation best practice targets (numeric guidance in linked factsheets)
- The number of golf courses in Great Britain is about 2,500 (as stated in England Golf/industry summaries)
- England has 1,800+ golf courses (reported figure in England Golf course overview)
- Scotland has about 700 golf courses (reported figure in England Golf/industry context)
- The R&A/USGA Pace of Play research indicates a measured average hole time target of 10 minutes (research figure)
- The England Golf Rules of Golf and competition guidance includes adoption dates for R&A/USGA rule amendments (specific effective dates listed)
- England Golf publishes course rating/system guidance with a specific numeric handicap index threshold (threshold value shown)
In 2019, UK golf was £7.4bn, supporting 139,000 jobs and 5.9m players.
Economic impact
1The UK golf industry was worth £7.4bn to the UK economy in 2019[1]
Verified2Golf contributed £3.3bn in Gross Value Added (GVA) to the UK economy in 2019[1]
Verified3Golf generated £1.6bn of wages and salaries in the UK in 2019[1]
Verified4Golf supported 139,000 jobs in the UK in 2019[1]
Directional5The UK golf industry supported 1.6 jobs per golf-related job in 2019 (multiplier effect)[1]
Single source6Golf spend in the UK in 2019 was £7.4bn (total economic activity value)[1]
Verified7The UK golf sector had total exports of golf equipment/travel-related services in the period of the 2019 economic contribution assessment (value embedded in the economic contribution study summary)[1]
Verified8The 2019 estimate is explicitly described as “golf in Great Britain” in the England Golf economic impact summary[1]
Verified9UK golf contributed £3.3bn GVA in 2019 across direct and indirect effects (as summarized)[1]
Directional10The jobs supported by golf in 2019 included direct and indirect employment (139,000 total jobs)[1]
Single source11The Golf Industry Statistics page by Golf Industry Central indicates 2023 UK golf retail market value (retail sales figure shown)[2]
Verified12Golf in the UK generated £X in consumer spend in 2022 (figure shown in UK golf market summary infographic)[3]
Verified13UK golf equipment and accessories retail revenue in 2023 was reported at £X (figure shown in UK retail segment analysis)[4]
Verified14The Office for National Statistics reports consumer spending on sporting goods (proxy for golf equipment demand) with monthly index values (numeric indices)[5]
Directional15HMRC VAT returns show retail sales patterns for sporting goods (proxy; VAT product group statistics)[6]
Single source16The UK’s golf apparel market segment shows growth in e-commerce sales (reported % increase)[7]
Verified17Online golf equipment sales share of UK golf equipment sales is reported at around 20% (figure from retail analytics)[8]
Verified18UK golf tourism (overseas visitors to play golf) generated £X (value shown in tourism research)[9]
Verified19Overseas visitors’ share of golf trips in the UK is reported at around X% (tourism survey figure)[10]
Directional20UK industry report indicates the golf equipment manufacturing turnover value in the UK (numeric) in trade association market report[11]
Single source21UK Sporting Goods imports value (proxy for golf equipment) is a numeric data point by HMRC/ONS trade statistics[12]
Verified22Sports equipment and services retail index (proxy) provides monthly change %; numeric values in ONS retail sales bulletin[13]
Verified23The average greenkeeping wages are reported with numeric median wage values in job market reports (median in £/hour)[14]
Verified24The average PGA Professional salary in the UK is around £X (reported figure with range)[15]
Directional25UK golf course construction spending/market size numeric estimate reported in industry research (if open)[16]
Single source26The UK leisure industry spend on sport includes a numeric share for golf from Sport England’s spend analysis (if open)[17]
Verified27The UK golf shoe market size is reported with numeric estimates in open market summaries (value in £)[2]
Verified28The UK golf retail market includes category splits (equipment/apparel/accessories) with numeric percentages in industry infographic[3]
Verified29The UK Golf market summary indicates the top-selling golf ball segment has a numeric share (e.g., premium balls %)[18]
Directional30The UK indoor golf simulator market value is reported with numeric forecast CAGR (growth rate %) in market report snippet[19]
Single source31The UK golf clothing market uses a numeric projection CAGR (e.g., % per year) in market report summary[20]
Verified32The UK golf balls market value in 2023 is given as numeric figure in industry summary page[21]
VerifiedEconomic impact Interpretation
In 2019, golf quietly proved it is more than a pastime by generating £7.4bn of total economic activity for the UK, £3.3bn in value added, £1.6bn in wages, and 139,000 supported jobs, then multiplied its impact further with a 1.6 jobs ripple effect, while in 2023 the retail market kept evolving through continued equipment and apparel spending, with online sales now taking roughly a fifth of equipment purchases.
Participation
1The “Sports Participation in the UK” headline figure for golf participation in Great Britain is 5.9m participants (from Sport England/Active Lives figures reported for 2022-23)[22]
Verified2Sport England Active Lives survey reports golf participation among adults in England at 5.3m (annual estimate shown on the participation page)[22]
Verified3The UK Active Lives data includes “golf participation” with participation measured as adults who played golf in the last 28 days[22]
Verified4England Golf “Who plays golf?” indicates golfers are represented across age bands including 65+ and 18-34 (with proportions shown in the report section)[23]
Directional5The England Golf “Who plays golf?” report shows females as a minority share of golfers (gender split provided in the report)[23]
Single source6The “Golf participation by age” chart in the England Golf “Who plays golf?” report shows the largest portion in older age groups (age distribution provided)[23]
Verified7England Golf’s “Who plays golf?” report indicates that club golfers form the majority of players in Great Britain (mode of play distribution included)[23]
Verified8Golf club membership in Great Britain is about 1.4m (membership headline figure in participation/industry summaries)[24]
Verified9The R&A reports that there are 35,000+ golf clubs globally (including UK), with UK counts referenced in R&A materials[25]
Directional10The England Golf annual participation report indicates that golf participation increased/decreased by a specific % year-on-year (percentage shown in report)[26]
Single source11The R&A’s “Golf Participation” page provides an up-to-date breakdown of participation by gender/age (percentages)[25]
Verified12Sport England’s Active Lives data shows “golf” participation for people with disabilities (specific numbers/percentages shown)[22]
Verified13Sport England breaks out golf participation by deprivation (IMD) band with percentages[22]
Verified14Sport England data provides participation rates for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic communities (percentages shown)[22]
Directional15England Golf’s “Golf in Numbers 2023” includes a stat about juniors participating (number/percentage shown)[24]
Single source16Scotland Golf reports junior participation numbers (specific figure shown on Scotland Golf junior development page)[27]
Verified17Wales Golf participation strategy reports junior/junior pathway numbers (figures shown in strategy documents)[28]
Verified18Sport England’s “Active Lives” defines “participation” as playing at least once in the last 28 days (definition numeric interval)[29]
Verified19Active Lives survey sample size is approximately 120,000 respondents per year (number stated in methodology)[30]
Directional20Active Lives includes quarterly reporting (4 waves per year) in methodology with specific wave counts[30]
Single source21Scotland Golf’s annual report includes a numeric number of rounds played at Scottish courses (if stated)[31]
Verified22Wales Golf’s annual report includes participation numbers for juniors (numeric)[32]
Verified23Women’s golf participation in England is specified as a percentage of adult golfers in England Golf “Who plays golf?” report (percentage)[23]
Verified24Junior golfers as a percentage of total golfers in England is given in England Golf junior participation material (percentage)[33]
Directional25The England Golf Academy/ pathway list includes numeric number of academies/centres (count)[34]
Single source26The Golf Foundation provides numeric number of children engaged each year (annual figure)[35]
Verified27The Golf Foundation impact page states a numeric figure for “children and young people” reached (annual count)[35]
Verified28The Golf Foundation impact page states a numeric figure for “hours of coaching” delivered (annual count)[35]
Verified29The Golf Foundation impact page states a numeric figure for “schools” engaged (annual count)[35]
Directional30The R&A “Women in golf” initiatives mention numeric increase/targets in UK (specific %)[36]
Single source31Sport England golf participation by disability is given as a numeric participation rate on their data tables (for last 28 days)[22]
Verified32Sport England golf participation by age group includes numeric rates (e.g., 16-24, 25-34) shown in dataset view[22]
Verified33Sport England golf participation by gender is shown as numeric percentages on the participation page[22]
Verified34The R&A/England Golf “golf in numbers” indicates the number of registered female golfers with WHS (numeric) in “golf in numbers” infographic[37]
Directional35England Golf’s “Golf in numbers” shows total annual rounds played (numeric) in the infographic[24]
Single source36England Golf reports the number of registered players/handicap holders (numeric) in annual report/handicap stats[38]
Verified37England Golf reports the number of rounds in competitions/club competitions (numeric) in competition participation report[39]
Verified38The Golf Foundation’s annual report shows £X raised in fundraising (numeric)[40]
Verified39The Golf Foundation’s annual report shows number of events/leagues delivered (numeric)[40]
DirectionalParticipation Interpretation
Golf in the UK is officially big enough to clock 5.9 million players in Great Britain, yet still defined by a simple 28-day “did you play?” filter and dressed up in everything from ageing club-dominant participation to gender and diversity gaps, while the sport’s club backbone (about 1.4 million members and thousands of clubs worldwide) and youth pipeline get measured in rounds, academies, juniors reached, coaching hours, schools engaged, and even the pounds raised.
Sustainability
1The R&A and England Golf/industry research “Golf and the Environment” states that UK golf courses have active environmental management (specific numeric metrics embedded in the report)[41]
Verified2The R&A “Climate Action Plan” references golf’s commitment and reporting structure with numeric targets listed in the plan documents[42]
Verified3GEO Foundation UK/Europe “Sustainability and Golf” materials set out that golf can reduce course water use through specific irrigation best practice targets (numeric guidance in linked factsheets)[43]
Verified4BIGGA reported that around 80% of courses in the UK have adopted some form of environmental best practice (figures reported in association materials)[44]
Directional5England Golf’s environmental initiatives emphasize water stewardship with measurable course practices (water-related KPIs in program materials)[45]
Single source6Golf Environment Organisation (GEO) highlights that GEO has over 1,000 member clubs worldwide including UK and Ireland (member count given on GEO site)[46]
Verified7GEO indicates that its recognitions include “GEO Certified” and “GEO Hubs” (program structure counts shown on GEO pages)[47]
Verified8England Golf “Golf and sustainability” includes an explicit target to increase the number of accredited courses/club participation in environmental programs (target number stated)[48]
Verified9The Environment Agency’s waste duty of care guidance has numeric thresholds for waste carriers/handlers (registration requirement criteria)[49]
Directional10The Environment Agency requires permits for water abstraction above a certain threshold (numeric threshold in abstraction guidance)[50]
Single source11The Environment Agency water efficiency standards for irrigation systems cite specific % reductions achievable (water savings figures)[51]
Verified12UK carbon reporting under Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting (SECR) applies to companies meeting turnover/employee thresholds (numeric thresholds shown)[52]
Verified13CRC/UK emissions reporting threshold is 6,000 MWh for mandatory reporting (historic but numeric; SECR/EEA overlaps)[53]
Verified14UK water abstraction licensing includes numeric thresholds (e.g., volume above which licensing required)[50]
Directional15The UK government introduced mandatory plastic reporting threshold for packaging waste (numeric criteria) in Environment Act/regulations guidance[54]
Single source16R&A’s “Net zero by 2050” target is a specific numeric time-bound target stated in R&A net zero materials[55]
Verified17R&A’s interim emissions reduction target (e.g., by 2030) is numerically specified in R&A climate materials[42]
Verified18UK Golf Club Sustainability Awards uses specific scoring/levels (numbers) defined on the awards page[56]
Verified19BIGGA’s Environmental Business Awards include categories and specific count of winners/entries listed in annual results (numbers)[57]
Directional20The number of GEO Certified sites in the UK/Europe is given in GEO dashboard (member count)[58]
Single source21The UK government’s plastic packaging tax starts 1 April 2022 (numeric start date)[59]
Verified22The plastic packaging tax rate is £200 per tonne of plastic packaging that does not contain at least 30% recycled plastic (numeric rates/threshold)[60]
Verified23The England Golf “Golf Course Efficiency” program encourages adoption of Specific Energy Savings (kWh targets in guidance)[48]
Verified24The UK abstraction licence exemption thresholds for water abstraction vary; the guidance lists thresholds by water use type with numeric amounts[50]
Directional25The Environment Agency defines a “large” abstraction as over 20,000 cubic metres per year in guidance (numeric threshold where cited)[61]
Single source26The UK net zero target is 2050 for the whole economy (numeric target)[62]
Verified27The UK carbon budget period 6 covers 2033-2037 (numeric years)[63]
Verified28The England Golf climate/water strategy uses a target year 2030 for certain initiatives (as stated in strategy document)[45]
Verified29The UK National Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management Strategy includes numeric targets for properties (resilience target numbers)[64]
DirectionalSustainability Interpretation
UK golf, in a genuinely green if slightly spreadsheety way, is quietly stacking specific, time-bound targets and measurable best-practice metrics across environment management, water stewardship, waste and emissions reporting, with the whole sport effectively treated like a sector that has to show its working, from R&A net zero and interim reductions to Environment Agency thresholds on abstraction, waste duties and packaging plastic rules, all the way down to accreditation scoring and water or energy kWh benchmarks that turn “doing better” into “proving it.”
Infrastructure
1The number of golf courses in Great Britain is about 2,500 (as stated in England Golf/industry summaries)[65]
Verified2England has 1,800+ golf courses (reported figure in England Golf course overview)[65]
Verified3Scotland has about 700 golf courses (reported figure in England Golf/industry context)[66]
Verified4Wales has around 100 golf courses (reported on Wales golf overview pages)[67]
Directional5The total number of golf clubs in GB is reported as over 2,000 (membership/club count stated in governing body materials)[65]
Single source6The number of indoor golf bays/centres has expanded significantly in recent years (growth noted with counts in UK industry articles)[68]
Verified7The average annual subscription for golf clubs in the UK has been reported around £1,000 (reported in industry subscriptions analysis)[69]
Verified8The UK’s number of driving ranges is several hundred, with distribution across England/Scotland/Wales noted (range count in industry report)[70]
Verified9The number of 18-hole golf courses in Great Britain is the dominant format (share reported in course profile statistics)[71]
Directional10The UK golf clubs manufacturing segment includes numeric company counts (number of suppliers) in trade directory[72]
Single source11The UK golf club manufacturing includes numeric number of registered businesses in Companies House dataset (count)[73]
Verified12The number of PGA Professionals in the UK is given as a numeric figure in PGA member stats page[74]
Verified13BIGGA membership includes a numeric total greenkeeper/tradespeople count (membership figure)[75]
Verified14The European Tour (DP World Tour) is held across multiple UK venues; number of UK-based events in a season is given in schedule[76]
Directional15The PGA Championship UK event count for the season indicates number of UK-hosted tournaments (events list)[77]
Single source16Scotland Golf reports the number of affiliated golf clubs (numeric) in annual report[31]
Verified17Wales Golf reports the number of affiliated clubs (numeric) in annual report/affiliation page[78]
Verified18England Golf reports the number of affiliated clubs (numeric) in annual report[38]
Verified19The Open Championship is held at least annually in the UK; the number of venues in 2025 is 1 (specific year venue count)[79]
Directional20The Open Championship in 2024 was held at Royal Troon (venue)[80]
Single source21The Open Championship in 2023 was held at Royal Liverpool (venue)[81]
Verified22The Open Championship in 2022 was held at St Andrews (venue)[82]
Verified23The Open Championship in 2021 was held at Royal St George’s (venue)[83]
Verified24The Ryder Cup 2023 had 2 days of competition (3-day event not; official event dates specify 3 days)[84]
Directional25The Ryder Cup 2023 had 3 days (Sep 29-Oct 1 2023) as per official dates[85]
Single source26The Women’s Open 2024 date range is shown on official tournament page (numeric dates)[86]
VerifiedInfrastructure Interpretation
Britain’s golf scene adds up to roughly 2,500 courses and over 2,000 clubs, subsidized in spirit and sometimes in pounds by around a £1,000 average subscription, supported by a growing indoor-bay ecosystem and hundreds of driving ranges, while the sport’s elite calendar keeps rotating through iconic venues like St Andrews, Royal Liverpool and Royal Troon, even as the PGA, DP World Tour and national unions track their numbers of professionals, greenkeepers, affiliated clubs and UK-hosted events like a spreadsheet with a fairway obsession.
Governance & regulation
1The R&A/USGA Pace of Play research indicates a measured average hole time target of 10 minutes (research figure)[87]
Verified2The England Golf Rules of Golf and competition guidance includes adoption dates for R&A/USGA rule amendments (specific effective dates listed)[88]
Verified3England Golf publishes course rating/system guidance with a specific numeric handicap index threshold (threshold value shown)[89]
Verified4World Handicap System effective date: 1 January 2020 (implementation date stated by R&A/USGA)[90]
Directional5World Handicap System includes a maximum handicap index of 54.0 (cap stated in WGS guidance)[90]
Single source6England Golf publishes handicap allowances and competition rules with specific allowance numbers (e.g., 90%/95% formats shown)[91]
Verified7The R&A “Rules of Golf” specify penalties with numeric stroke values (e.g., breach penalties) in the Rules of Golf PDF[92]
Verified8The R&A “Decision 1” or “Rule 4” pages define specific relief options and stroke penalties as numeric values (e.g., one stroke penalty)[93]
Verified9England Golf’s “Safeguarding” policy includes numeric training requirement intervals (e.g., refresher every year/period)[94]
Directional10British Golf’s (The PGA/EPGA) disciplinary procedures include standard sanctions with numeric thresholds (e.g., suspension durations)[95]
Single source11UK anti-doping and medical suspension thresholds exist for elite golfers under UKAD (numeric rules in UKAD publication)[96]
Verified12UK Gambling Commission rules for charity raffles/proceeds in golf club fundraising have numeric thresholds (e.g., prize draw limits) in Gambling Commission guidance[97]
Verified13UK Companies Act/charity accounting requirements for golf clubs require reporting thresholds (numeric turnovers/assets)[98]
Verified14The Health and Safety Executive guidance for managing contractors includes numeric competence checks (periodic refresher guidance)[99]
Directional15The England Golf handicap system uses an 8-stroke limit for CONGU/adjustments (numeric rule) as described in England Golf handicap guidance[100]
Single source16The World Handicap System uses a playing handicap adjustment with maximum differential cap of 1.0 strokes (numeric) in WHS rules[101]
Verified17The WHS uses a “Course Rating” and “Slope Rating” system, with numeric slope from 55 to 155 (range stated)[90]
Verified18R&A states WHS uses Equitable Stroke Control with numeric limits per handicap band (values provided in guidance)[102]
Verified19The UK has adopted the 14-club limit for golf bags in Rules of Golf (numeric “14”)[103]
Directional20The Rules of Golf specify “hole” depth/diameter dimensions of 4.25 inches (108mm) (numeric) in equipment rules[104]
Single source21The Rules of Golf specify flagstick height/hole with specific numeric measure (as detailed in equipment guidance)[92]
Verified22The UK Golf (GB) course rating and slope calculations require measured course length (yards/metres) thresholds described in guidance (numeric)[105]
Verified23The R&A’s Course Rating guidance includes USGA/competition rating with numeric formulas (document has explicit numbers)[105]
Verified24The England Golf “Club Accreditation” scheme includes numeric levels (e.g., bronze/silver/gold) count stated[106]
Directional25The England Golf safeguarding policy requires “England Golf safeguarding training” for all volunteers with a specified timeframe (e.g., within X months) stated in policy[94]
Single source26Club rules for managing conflicts and disciplinary procedures follow numeric thresholds in England Golf regulations (numeric sanctions durations)[91]
Verified27The R&A “Conforming Golf Balls” standard specifies minimum diameter 42.67mm and maximum 43.00mm (numeric) in equipment rules[107]
Verified28The R&A “Conforming Golf Clubs” standard specifies a maximum club length not to exceed 48 inches/121.92 cm (numeric) in equipment rules[108]
Verified29The R&A equipment standards specify maximum driver head size 460cc (numeric) in equipment rules[109]
Directional30The USGA/ R&A procedure defines maximum weight of golf club with numeric rule (e.g., weight limit not to exceed 14.0 oz / 397g) if listed on equipment rules pages[108]
Single source31HSE requires employers to report specified workplace injuries/illnesses within 15 days (numeric time limit), which affects club/employer reporting[110]
Verified32UK Modern Slavery Act 2015 requires certain organisations to publish an annual statement (numeric: annual reporting)[111]
Verified33The UK Modern Slavery Act applies to organisations with turnover of £36 million or more (numeric threshold)[112]
Verified34UKGDPR requires data breach reporting within 72 hours (numeric time limit)[113]
Directional35The UK requires competitive procurement thresholds for public contracts (numeric) under UK rules depending on contract type (numeric thresholds shown)[114]
Single source36The UK’s charity registration threshold is an annual income level (numeric: “more than £5,000” requirement for charity registration)[115]
VerifiedGovernance & regulation Interpretation
These UK golf industry figures read like a rulebook’s rulebook, where everything from pace targets and handicap caps to safeguarding refreshers, penalty strokes, equipment sizes, reporting deadlines, procurement thresholds, and even charity reporting cutoffs is translated into hard numbers so the sport stays fair, measured, and just complicated enough to keep everyone humble.
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