From forging millions of tons of steel to powering global demand for everything from automobiles to textiles, Turkey's manufacturing sector is a dynamic and expansive engine driving the nation's economy forward.
Key Takeaways
- In 2022, Turkey's manufacturing sector produced 18.5 million tons of steel, marking a 5.2% increase from 2021
- The automotive manufacturing sub-sector output reached 1.35 million vehicles in 2022, including 1.02 million passenger cars
- Turkey's textile and apparel manufacturing produced 1.2 billion pieces of garments in 2021
- In 2022, Turkey's manufacturing employment stood at 5.2 million workers, a 2.1% increase from 2021
- Manufacturing sector employed 17.8% of total workforce in 2022
- Average monthly wage in manufacturing was 25,000 TRY in 2022
- In 2022, manufacturing exports from Turkey totaled 208 billion USD, up 13.5% YoY
- Automotive exports reached 31 billion USD in 2022
- Textile and apparel exports were 28 billion USD in 2022
- Manufacturing FDI inflows reached 4.5 billion USD in 2022
- Total fixed investments in manufacturing: 150 billion TRY in 2022
- Capacity utilization rate in manufacturing averaged 75.2% in 2022
- Automotive manufacturing share of total manufacturing: 15% output, 12% employment in 2022
- Textile and apparel: 10% of manufacturing GDP, largest employer with 1.8M jobs 2022
- Chemicals and petrochemicals: 8.5% share, 15B USD exports 2022
Turkey's manufacturing industry is growing strongly across many diverse sectors.
Employment and Labor
- In 2022, Turkey's manufacturing employment stood at 5.2 million workers, a 2.1% increase from 2021
- Manufacturing sector employed 17.8% of total workforce in 2022
- Average monthly wage in manufacturing was 25,000 TRY in 2022
- Female employment in manufacturing reached 1.1 million in 2022, 21% of sector total
- Youth employment (15-24) in manufacturing was 450,000 in 2022
- Manufacturing labor productivity grew 6.4% in 2022 to 120,000 USD per worker
- Unemployment rate in manufacturing was 8.2% in 2022 average
- Skilled labor shortage affected 65% of manufacturing firms in 2022 survey
- Automotive manufacturing employed 450,000 workers in 2022
- Textile sector had 1.8 million employees in 2021
- Chemical industry employed 250,000 in 2022
- Food processing employed 1.2 million workers in 2022
- Machinery sector employment was 350,000 in 2022
- Electronics manufacturing jobs totaled 150,000 in 2022
- Labor turnover rate in manufacturing averaged 15% in 2022
- Vocational training programs trained 200,000 for manufacturing in 2022
- Manufacturing firms with over 250 employees: 2,500 in 2022
- Part-time employment in manufacturing: 300,000 workers in 2022
- Unionization rate in manufacturing: 28% in 2022
- Overtime hours averaged 5 hours/week per worker in manufacturing 2022
- Migrant workers in manufacturing: 150,000 in 2022
- Manufacturing employment growth forecast 1.5% for 2023
- R&D personnel in manufacturing: 120,000 in 2022
- Engineering graduates employed in manufacturing: 50,000 annually
- Health and safety incidents in manufacturing: 12,000 cases in 2022
- Training hours per employee in manufacturing: 40 hours/year in 2022
- Manufacturing employment by region: Marmara 55%, Aegean 15% in 2022
Employment and Labor Interpretation
Despite adding a healthy dose of workers and churning out more per person, Turkey's factories are sweating through a skilled labor drought, all while trying to patch up a leaky bucket of high turnover and troubling workplace safety.
Exports and Imports
- In 2022, manufacturing exports from Turkey totaled 208 billion USD, up 13.5% YoY
- Automotive exports reached 31 billion USD in 2022
- Textile and apparel exports were 28 billion USD in 2022
- Iron and steel exports amounted to 18.2 billion USD in 2022
- Machinery exports grew to 22.5 billion USD in 2022
- Electrical machinery and equipment exports: 12 billion USD in 2022
- Chemical products exports: 15 billion USD in 2022
- Plastic and rubber exports: 8.5 billion USD in 2022
- Furniture exports hit 4.2 billion USD in 2022
- Food and beverage exports from manufacturing: 3.8 billion USD in 2022
- Top export market for manufacturing: Germany 12.5% share in 2022
- EU share in manufacturing exports: 41% in 2022
- Manufacturing imports totaled 215 billion USD in 2022
- Import dependency for intermediate goods in manufacturing: 35% in 2022
- China as top import source for manufacturing inputs: 18% share 2022
- Trade balance for manufacturing: -7 billion USD deficit in 2022
- Export growth to USA: 20% YoY for manufacturing in 2022
- Shipments to UK manufacturing exports: 10 billion USD in 2022
- Middle East manufacturing exports share: 15% in 2022
- Africa manufacturing exports grew 25% to 12 billion USD in 2022
- EFTA countries manufacturing imports from Turkey: 5 billion USD 2022
- Customs union with EU covers 95% of manufacturing trade in 2022
- FTAs boosted manufacturing exports by 15% since 2018
- Manufacturing export sophistication index improved to 0.45 in 2022
- Value of manufacturing re-exports: 20 billion USD in 2022
- Digital exports in manufacturing services: 2 billion USD 2022
Exports and Imports Interpretation
While Turkey's manufacturing engine roared to a record 2022 export finish line with style in everything from cars to couture, the dashboard warning lights for import dependency and a stubborn trade deficit reveal a still-unfinished vehicle on the global economic race track.
Investments and Capacity Utilization
- Manufacturing FDI inflows reached 4.5 billion USD in 2022
- Total fixed investments in manufacturing: 150 billion TRY in 2022
- Capacity utilization rate in manufacturing averaged 75.2% in 2022
- Automotive sector investments: 5.2 billion USD in 2022
- R&D expenditure in manufacturing: 12 billion USD or 1.2% of output in 2022
- Machinery renewal investments: 30 billion TRY in 2022
- Green energy investments in manufacturing plants: 2.5 billion USD 2022
- EU grants for manufacturing SMEs: 500 million EUR in 2022
- KOSGEB manufacturing support: 10 billion TRY disbursed 2022
- Capacity expansion in steel sector: 3 million tons added in 2022
- Textile machinery investments: 4 billion USD in 2022
- Chemical plant investments: 6 billion TRY new capacity 2022
- Logistics investments for manufacturing: 20 billion TRY in 2022
- Digital transformation investments: 15 billion TRY in manufacturing 2022
- Number of manufacturing firms investing in expansion: 12,000 in 2022
- Venture capital in manufacturing tech: 1 billion USD 2022
- Public-private partnerships in manufacturing infra: 50 projects worth 10B USD 2022
- Depreciation rate for manufacturing assets: 5.2% average 2022
- Investment incentives utilized: 200 billion TRY approved for manufacturing 2022
- Foreign investor share in manufacturing capex: 25% in 2022
- Automotive battery plant investments: 2 billion USD announced 2022
- Capacity utilization peak: 78.5% in July 2022 manufacturing
- Electronics cluster investments: 3 billion TRY in Istanbul 2022
Investments and Capacity Utilization Interpretation
Turkey's manufacturing sector in 2022 showed a healthy ambition to modernize and grow, yet also a revealing caution, investing heavily in new machinery and capacity while running its existing factories at only three-quarters full, as if buying a faster car while only using it to drive to the mailbox.
Production and Output
- In 2022, Turkey's manufacturing sector produced 18.5 million tons of steel, marking a 5.2% increase from 2021
- The automotive manufacturing sub-sector output reached 1.35 million vehicles in 2022, including 1.02 million passenger cars
- Turkey's textile and apparel manufacturing produced 1.2 billion pieces of garments in 2021
- Chemical manufacturing output in Turkey grew by 12.4% in 2022 to 45 billion TRY value added
- Food and beverage manufacturing sector produced 28 million tons of processed food in 2022
- Machinery manufacturing output increased by 8.7% in 2023 Q1 to 120 billion TRY
- Electrical equipment manufacturing reached 2.5 million units of household appliances in 2022
- Cement production in Turkey totaled 72.5 million tons in 2022, up 4.1% YoY
- Plastic products manufacturing output was 7.8 million tons in 2021
- Furniture manufacturing produced 150 million pieces in 2022
- Paper and board production reached 2.9 million tons in 2022
- Glass manufacturing output was 4.2 million tons in 2022
- Rubber products manufacturing produced 1.1 million tons in 2021
- Non-metallic minerals output grew 6.3% to 250 billion TRY in 2022
- Metal products manufacturing output increased by 10.2% in 2022
- Pharmaceutical manufacturing produced 3.5 billion packs in 2022
- Leather goods manufacturing output was 50 million units in 2021
- Wood products manufacturing reached 5 million cubic meters in 2022
- Electronics manufacturing output hit 15 billion USD in components in 2022
- Shipbuilding manufacturing delivered 45 vessels totaling 1.2 million DWT in 2022
- Bicycle manufacturing produced 2.5 million units in 2022
- Toy manufacturing output was 100 million pieces in 2021
- Jewelry manufacturing produced 200 tons of gold products in 2022
- Manufacturing PMI index averaged 52.3 in 2022 indicating expansion
- Industrial production index for manufacturing rose 7.8% YoY in Dec 2022
- Capacity utilization in manufacturing was 76.5% in 2022 average
- Manufacturing value added grew 9.1% in real terms in 2022
- Turkey ranked 14th globally in manufacturing output value at 250 billion USD in 2021
- Automotive parts production reached 35 billion USD in 2022
- White goods manufacturing exported components worth 10 billion USD in 2022
Production and Output Interpretation
Turkey's manufacturing sector isn't just growing; it's conducting a full-scale industrial symphony, from forging the steel skeletons of cities and churning out over a million cars to stitching a billion garments and even manufacturing the very toys children play with, all while humming along at a healthy expansionary pace.
Sub-sectors and Specialization
- Automotive manufacturing share of total manufacturing: 15% output, 12% employment in 2022
- Textile and apparel: 10% of manufacturing GDP, largest employer with 1.8M jobs 2022
- Chemicals and petrochemicals: 8.5% share, 15B USD exports 2022
- Food processing: 12% of manufacturing value added, 1.2M employees 2022
- Machinery and equipment: 9% output share, 22B USD exports 2022
- Electrical and electronics: 7% GDP contribution, rapid growth 20% YoY 2022
- Metals (iron-steel): 11% employment, 18B USD exports 2022
- Plastics and rubber: 5% share, 8.5B USD trade 2022
- Furniture: 3% output, 4B USD exports leader globally 2022
- Cement and non-metallics: 6% capacity, 72M tons production 2022
- Pharmaceuticals: 2% share but 25% growth, 3.5B packs 2022
- Paper products: 2.5% employment, 2.9M tons output 2022
- Glass and ceramics: 4% exports contribution 2022
- Leather and footwear: 1.5% share, 50M units production 2022
- Wood processing: 2% GDP, 5M m3 output 2022
- Jewelry and precious metals: niche 1% but high value 200 tons gold 2022
- Shipbuilding: specialized, 1.2M DWT delivered 2022
- Defense manufacturing: growing 15% output, exports 4B USD 2022
- Medical devices sub-sector: 10% annual growth to 2B USD 2022
- Toys and sports goods: 100M units, export-oriented 2022
- Bicycles and EVs: 2.5M units, emerging green sub-sector 2022
- Automotive specialization: 70% local content in vehicles 2022
- Textile tech upgrade: 40% firms digitized by 2022
- Chemicals diversification: 30% specialty chemicals share 2022
Sub-sectors and Specialization Interpretation
Turkey's manufacturing heart beats across a diverse body, from the textiles that dress the world to the autos and electronics humming with high-tech potential, proving that its economic might lies not in a single muscle but in the coordinated strength of its entire industrial skeleton.
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