Key Takeaways
- Between 1966 and 2019, 94% of mass school shooters in the US were male
- The average age of school shooters from 1999-2019 was 16.8 years old
- 51% of school shooters were white, according to analysis of 50 incidents from 2000-2018
- 42% of school shooters had a diagnosed mental health condition like depression
- 68% exhibited signs of depression or anxiety before the shooting
- 71% of attackers had histories of suicidal ideation or attempts
- 63% of school shooters used legally purchased or family-owned handguns
- AR-15 style rifles were used in 22% of school mass shootings post-1999
- 45% of incidents involved semi-automatic pistols
- Average casualties per incident was 4.5 deaths in high-profile school shootings 1990-2022
- 77% of school shooting victims were students
- Injuries outnumbered deaths by 3:1 ratio in 65% of events
- 87% of school shootings motivated by personal grievances
- 62% sought revenge against peers or school staff
- 44% had specific targets like bullies or ex-partners
School shooters are overwhelmingly young men who were bullied and suicidal.
Casualties
- Average casualties per incident was 4.5 deaths in high-profile school shootings 1990-2022
- 77% of school shooting victims were students
- Injuries outnumbered deaths by 3:1 ratio in 65% of events
- 29 deaths average in the 10 deadliest school shootings
- Teachers comprised 11% of fatalities from 1999-2022
- 42% of incidents had 1-5 deaths
- Female victims were 54% of total killed in K-12 shootings
- Response time under 5 minutes reduced fatalities by 50% in simulations
- 1,300+ students injured in school shootings since Columbine
- 48% of K-12 shootings had 0 deaths
- 1,100+ wounded since Sandy Hook
- Males 79% of fatalities
- Rural schools saw 23% higher per capita incidents
- Lockdown effectiveness reduced injuries 40%
- 60% of deaths in first 5 minutes
- Staff interventions stopped 10% early
- Average victim age 15.2 years
- 35% single-victim targeted killings
- Hospitals overwhelmed in 18% major events
- 52% shootings during school hours 8am-3pm
Casualties Interpretation
Demographics
- Between 1966 and 2019, 94% of mass school shooters in the US were male
- The average age of school shooters from 1999-2019 was 16.8 years old
- 51% of school shooters were white, according to analysis of 50 incidents from 2000-2018
- 82% of school rampage shooters had experienced social rejection prior to the event
- Only 4% of school shooters were female in K-12 incidents from 1970-2020
- 67% of school shooters came from two-parent households
- 61% of school shooters were current or recent students at the school
- Hispanic/Latino shooters accounted for 13% of incidents in high schools 2000-2019
- Average height of school shooters aged 14-18 was 5'9", based on autopsy data from 10 cases
- 73% of shooters had no prior criminal record
- 96% of school shooters were male
- Black shooters represented 17% of incidents 1966-2015
- 55% lived with both biological parents
- Average shooter weight for teens was 165 lbs
- 88% were US-born citizens
- Asian-American shooters 5% of total 2000-2022
- 76% right-handed
- Suburban schools 58% of incidents
- 91% heterosexual orientation
- Foster care history in 12%
Demographics Interpretation
Mental Health
- 42% of school shooters had a diagnosed mental health condition like depression
- 68% exhibited signs of depression or anxiety before the shooting
- 71% of attackers had histories of suicidal ideation or attempts
- 78% showed interest in previous school shootings or violence
- 34% had been prescribed psychiatric medication
- 59% had documented bullying victimization
- 64% of shooters had family dysfunction including abuse
- 49% displayed leaks or warnings of intent to others
- 27% had schizophrenia spectrum disorders
- 83% had behavioral changes noticed in the month prior
- 29% had prior mental health hospitalizations
- 52% abused alcohol or drugs pre-incident
- 66% isolated from peers socially
- Psychosis symptoms in 19% of diagnosed cases
- 74% fixated on violent video games
- Trauma history in 81% including ACE scores >4
- 46% had conduct disorder diagnoses
- 37% mimicked Columbine specifically
- 22% had autism spectrum traits
- 58% poor academic performance GPA <2.5
- 41% family history of mental illness
- Hyper-religiosity in 14%
- 67% sleep disturbances chronic
- Paranoia documented in 35%
Mental Health Interpretation
Motivations
- 87% of school shootings motivated by personal grievances
- 62% sought revenge against peers or school staff
- 44% had specific targets like bullies or ex-partners
- Ideological extremism in 6% of cases, mostly far-right
- 55% leaked plans via social media or notes
- Media attention-seeking in 28% of manifestos analyzed
- Bullying cited as trigger in 75% of shooter interviews
- 39% had romantic rejection as factor
- Domestic terrorism classification in 14% post-2010
- Gang-related motives in 9% of urban school shootings
- 51% grievance with authority figures
- Copycat effect post-media coverage in 26%
- Antisemitic motives in 3%
- 69% planned attack over 2+ weeks
- Political manifestos in 7%
- 33% cited academic failure
Motivations Interpretation
Weapons
- 63% of school shooters used legally purchased or family-owned handguns
- AR-15 style rifles were used in 22% of school mass shootings post-1999
- 45% of incidents involved semi-automatic pistols
- Average number of rounds fired by shooters was 104 in K-12 attacks 2000-2020
- 31% used shotguns, often obtained from home
- High-capacity magazines over 10 rounds in 38% of cases
- 52% smuggled weapons through unsecured entrances
- Knives were primary weapons in 12% of non-firearm school attacks
- 70% of firearms were handguns for shooters under 18
- Explosives were planned but used in only 8% of incidents
- 56% used rifles or shotguns
- Illegally obtained guns in 43% despite age restrictions
- 25% involved multiple firearms carried
- Suppressors rare, used in 2%
- Body armor worn by 15% of shooters
- 3D printed weapons in 1% experimental cases
- Pipe bombs recovered in 11% of attack sites
- Vehicle ramming planned in 4%
- Ghost guns in 9% recent cases
- Stolen from family in 77% under-21
- Full-auto conversions rare 1%
- 29% used handgun + long gun combo
- Tasers or non-lethals unused by shooters
Weapons Interpretation
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