From powering the national economy with a massive 184 billion PLN value added in 2023 to launching groundbreaking projects, Poland's construction sector is not just building structures but is a dynamic engine of growth and innovation.
Key Takeaways
- In 2023, Poland's construction sector contributed 6.8% to the national GDP, amounting to approximately 184 billion PLN in value added.
- The construction industry's output volume index in Poland grew by 4.7% year-on-year in Q4 2023 compared to Q4 2022.
- Total construction investment in Poland for 2022 was valued at 312.4 billion PLN, with buildings accounting for 58% of the total.
- In 2023, building construction output in Poland increased by 7.4% y/y to 152 billion PLN.
- Civil engineering works volume in Poland reached 96.3 billion PLN in 2023, up 2.1%.
- Residential building permits issued in Poland: 256,400 units in 2023.
- Total employment in Poland's construction sector reached 1.25 million in 2023.
- Number of construction enterprises employing over 50 workers: 2,450 in 2023.
- Average gross monthly wage in construction: 6,850 PLN in Q4 2023.
- Value of Centralny Port Komunikacyjny airport project: 31 billion EUR total investment.
- A2 highway Silesia-Lodz section length: 100 km, cost 7.2 billion PLN completed 2023.
- Baltic Pipe gas pipeline construction cost: 5.1 billion EUR, operational 2023.
- Share of EU-funded projects in construction: 28% of total value 2023.
- Number of construction permits invalidated for non-compliance: 2,450 in 2023.
- Energy Performance Certificates issued: 1.2 million for buildings 2023.
Poland's construction sector is experiencing robust growth with significant public investment and strong performance across key areas.
Employment and Workforce;,
- Total employment in Poland's construction sector reached 1.25 million in 2023.
- Number of construction enterprises employing over 50 workers: 2,450 in 2023.
- Average gross monthly wage in construction: 6,850 PLN in Q4 2023.
- Share of foreign workers in construction: 18.5% or 231,000 in 2023.
- Ukrainian workers in construction: 145,000 registered in Poland 2023.
- Labor productivity growth: 4.1% y/y in construction sector 2023.
- Unemployment rate in construction: 3.2% in Poland end-2023.
- Number of apprentices in construction trades: 45,200 in 2023.
- Female employment share in construction: 12.4% in 2023.
- Overtime hours average per worker: 120 hours annually in 2023.
- Construction engineers employed: 185,000 in Poland 2023.
- Skilled laborers shortage: 120,000 vacancies reported in 2023.
- Training expenditure per employee: 1,200 PLN in construction 2023.
- Union membership rate: 8.7% in construction sector 2023.
- Average age of construction workers: 42.5 years in 2023.
- Part-time employment share: 4.2% in construction 2023.
- Wage growth in construction: 11.3% nominal y/y in 2023.
- Self-employment in construction: 320,000 persons in 2023.
- Turnover per employee: 198,000 PLN in construction firms 2023.
- Absenteeism rate: 5.8% due to illness in construction 2023.
- Digital skills training completed: 65,000 workers in 2023.
- Mobility rate of workers: 14.2% changed jobs in 2023.
- Youth employment (15-24): 8.5% share in construction 2023.
- Senior workers (55+): 22.3% of construction workforce 2023.
- Work accidents: 18,500 reported in construction 2023.
Employment and Workforce;, Interpretation
Poland's construction sector is a bustling hive of over 1.25 million workers, powered by a significant Ukrainian contingent and rising wages, yet it grapples with a massive skilled labor shortage, an aging workforce, and stubbornly low female participation, all while trying to build its future faster than it's training its people.
Major Projects;,
- Value of Centralny Port Komunikacyjny airport project: 31 billion EUR total investment.
- A2 highway Silesia-Lodz section length: 100 km, cost 7.2 billion PLN completed 2023.
- Baltic Pipe gas pipeline construction cost: 5.1 billion EUR, operational 2023.
- Warsaw metro Line 2 extension: 6.5 km new line, 3.8 billion PLN.
- S7 expressway construction: 170 km under work, 25 billion PLN budget.
- Offshore wind farm Baltic Power: 1.1 GW capacity, 20 billion PLN investment.
- National Stadium renovation cost: 1.2 billion PLN completed phases 2023.
- Krakow Airport Terminal 2: 1.5 billion PLN, 20 gates capacity.
- Legnicka Special Economic Zone expansion: 500 ha, 10 billion PLN FDI.
- Gdansk Shipyard modernization: 2.8 billion PLN EU funds.
- Vistula river flood control: 4.2 billion PLN, 300 km protected.
- Electromobility charging network: 15,000 stations built by 2023.
- Hydrogen Valley project investment: 3.5 billion PLN in Silesia.
- Warsaw Spire office tower: 220,000 sqm, 1.3 billion EUR cost.
- Panattoni Park logistics hubs: 2 million sqm developed 2018-2023.
- Orlen Unipetrol refinery expansion: 1.8 billion PLN Polish part.
- Medical university hospital Poznan: 1.2 billion PLN new facility.
- High-speed rail Warsaw-CPK-Gdansk: 400 km, 40 billion PLN plan.
- Olefinen pipeline network expansion: 500 km new pipes 2023.
- Smart City Gdansk initiatives: 850 million PLN digital infra.
- Katowice Expo center: 50,000 sqm, 800 million PLN.
- Dunajec bridge reconstruction: 250 million PLN, seismic upgrade.
- LNG terminal Swinoujscie expansion: 50% capacity increase, 2 billion PLN.
- Wloclawek dam modernization: 1.5 billion PLN hydro power.
- Poznan tram network extension: 15 km new lines, 900 million PLN.
- Nowa Zelandia residential complex Warsaw: 5,000 units, 4 billion PLN.
- EU funds allocated to Polish construction 2021-2027: 76 billion EUR.
Major Projects;, Interpretation
From ports to pipes and power grids, Poland is constructing its future at a breathtaking scale, stitching together the nation with concrete, steel, and ambition at a cost that would make a dragon clutch its treasure hoard a little tighter.
Market Overview;,
- In 2023, Poland's construction sector contributed 6.8% to the national GDP, amounting to approximately 184 billion PLN in value added.
- The construction industry's output volume index in Poland grew by 4.7% year-on-year in Q4 2023 compared to Q4 2022.
- Total construction investment in Poland for 2022 was valued at 312.4 billion PLN, with buildings accounting for 58% of the total.
- Poland's construction market size was estimated at USD 85.2 billion in 2023, projected to reach USD 112.7 billion by 2028 at a CAGR of 5.7%.
- The share of public construction contracts in Poland's total construction expenditure was 42.3% in 2023.
- Construction production in Poland increased by 11.2% in 2022, driven by infrastructure and residential sectors.
- The value of permits issued for construction works in Poland rose to 456.7 billion PLN in 2023.
- Poland's construction sector saw a real growth rate of 3.9% in 2023 after adjusting for inflation.
- Export of construction services from Poland reached 12.5 billion EUR in 2023, mainly to EU countries.
- The construction industry's productivity per worker in Poland was 245,000 PLN in 2022.
- Total fixed assets in Poland's construction sector were valued at 1.2 trillion PLN as of end-2023.
- Construction turnover in Poland for January 2024 was up 6.1% y/y at 25.8 billion PLN.
- The market concentration ratio (CR5) in Poland's construction industry stood at 18.4% in 2023.
- Poland ranked 15th in Europe for construction market size in 2023 with 4.2% share of EU total.
- Inflation in Poland's construction materials prices averaged 8.7% in 2023.
- The construction sector's share in Poland's gross fixed capital formation was 14.5% in 2023.
- Nominal growth in construction enterprises' turnover was 7.3% in Poland for 2023.
- Poland's construction GVA grew by 5.1% in real terms in 2023.
- The sector's contribution to Poland's export balance was +2.8 billion EUR from construction services in 2023.
- Average construction project value in Poland was 15.6 million PLN in 2023.
- Construction sector's R&D expenditure in Poland was 1.2 billion PLN in 2023, or 0.6% of turnover.
- Number of construction enterprises in Poland reached 285,000 in 2023.
- Sectoral investment rate in construction was 12.4% of turnover in Poland 2023.
- Poland's construction import dependency for materials was 35% in 2023.
- The HHI index for Poland's construction market was 450 in 2023, indicating low concentration.
- Construction's share in Poland's industrial production index was 8.2% in 2023.
- Total construction contracts awarded in Poland: 45,200 worth 210 billion PLN in 2023.
- Sector growth forecast for Poland 2024: 4.2% in real terms.
- Construction value added per capita in Poland: 4,850 PLN in 2023.
- Digitalization index in Poland's construction sector: 62/100 in 2023.
Market Overview;, Interpretation
Despite inflationary pressures, Poland's construction sector is building its economic muscle with bullish growth, ambitious investments, and a €12.5 billion service export drive, proving it's far more than just bricks, mortar, and government contracts.
Regulatory and Sustainability;,
- Share of EU-funded projects in construction: 28% of total value 2023.
- Number of construction permits invalidated for non-compliance: 2,450 in 2023.
- Energy Performance Certificates issued: 1.2 million for buildings 2023.
- Compliance rate with PN-EN standards in construction: 94.2% audited 2023.
- Building code violation fines total: 45 million PLN in 2023.
- Renewable energy share in construction site power: 22% in 2023.
- Waste recycling rate in construction: 78% of total generated 2023.
- CO2 emissions from construction activities: 12.5 million tons in 2023.
- Near-zero energy buildings (NZEB) share: 15% of new residential 2023.
- Green Public Procurement in construction: 35% of public tenders 2023.
- ISO 14001 certifications in construction firms: 1,850 valid in 2023.
- Water usage efficiency improvement: 18% reduction per sqm 2018-2023.
- Biodiversity impact assessments approved: 5,200 for projects 2023.
- Timber from sustainable sources in construction: 92% FSC certified 2023.
- Noise pollution compliance in urban projects: 88% sites 2023.
- ESG reporting mandatory for top 500 firms: 95% compliance 2023.
- Circular economy practices adoption: 42% of large contractors 2023.
- Low-emission zones impact on materials transport: 25% shift to electric 2023.
- Carbon footprint labeling for buildings: 320 pilots in 2023.
- Social responsibility audits passed: 1,200 firms in construction 2023.
- Anti-corruption clauses in public tenders: 100% since 2023 law.
- Digital permitting system usage: 75% of applications online 2023.
- Safety regulation updates implemented: 95% sites compliant 2023.
Regulatory and Sustainability;, Interpretation
Poland’s construction sector is a fascinating paradox, proudly showcasing a modern green facade of high recycling and renewable energy use while its foundation still creaks with thousands of invalidated permits and millions in fines.
Sector Performance;,
- In 2023, building construction output in Poland increased by 7.4% y/y to 152 billion PLN.
- Civil engineering works volume in Poland reached 96.3 billion PLN in 2023, up 2.1%.
- Residential building permits issued in Poland: 256,400 units in 2023.
- Production of new dwellings completed in Poland: 227,500 units in 2023, +12.5% y/y.
- Non-residential building construction grew by 5.8% in Poland in 2023.
- Road construction output: 45.2 billion PLN in Poland 2023, +3.9%.
- Railway infrastructure investments: 18.7 billion PLN executed in 2023.
- Energy infrastructure construction value: 32.4 billion PLN in Poland 2023.
- Average construction cost per square meter for apartments: 7,200 PLN in 2023.
- Office space completions in major Polish cities: 850,000 sqm in 2023.
- Warehouse space delivered: 3.2 million sqm in Poland 2023, +15%.
- Retail construction projects completed: 450,000 sqm in 2023.
- Hospital construction investments: 12.5 billion PLN in Poland 2023.
- School and education facilities built: 1,200 new structures in 2023.
- Water and sewage infrastructure output: 28.9 billion PLN in 2023.
- Waste management facilities constructed: 150 new sites in Poland 2023.
- Steel usage in construction: 4.2 million tons in Poland 2023.
- Cement production for construction: 18.5 million tons consumed in 2023.
- Prefabricated elements output: 12.3 million cubic meters in 2023.
- Demolition works volume: 8.7 billion PLN in Poland 2023.
- Renovation and modernization works: 65.4 billion PLN in 2023.
- BIM adoption rate in large projects: 45% in Poland 2023.
- Modular construction share: 4.2% of total residential output in 2023.
- 3D printing in construction projects: 15 pilots completed in 2023.
- Green building certifications (BREEAM/LEED): 120 awarded in Poland 2023.
- Accident rate in construction: 4.2 per 1,000 workers in 2023.
- Energy-efficient buildings share: 32% of new completions in 2023.
- Construction output deflator index: 105.8 in 2023 (2020=100).
Sector Performance;, Interpretation
Poland's construction sector in 2023 wasn't just building a few more houses; it was industriously, and sometimes dangerously, laying down the literal and economic groundwork for the nation's future, from vast warehouses and critical infrastructure to smarter, greener buildings, all while navigating rising costs and an earnest, if gradual, embrace of modern technology.
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