US women earn 92 cents for every dollar men earned in 2022, but the picture shifts sharply by age, race, and family status. Mothers can lose 15% of earnings with each child under 6, while rural women make 79 cents to urban women’s 84 cents relative to men. Read through the full pay gap dataset to see where the gaps narrow, where they widen, and which groups face the steepest shortfalls.
Key Takeaways
- US women aged 25-34 have 4% pay gap vs 21% for 45-64 in 2022
- College-educated US women out-earn men until age 30 then gap widens
- Black US women with bachelor's earn 65% white men same degree 2021
- In the European Union, the unadjusted gender pay gap averaged 12.7% in 2021
- Germany had a 18% gender pay gap in 2022, highest among large EU economies
- In France, women earned 15.4% less than men hourly in 2021
- Globally, women earned 77 cents for every dollar men earned in 2022 per ILO estimates
- In low-income countries, gender pay gap averages 29% unadjusted in 2021
- OECD average gender pay gap was 11.8% in 2022
- US women in computer occupations earned 83% of men's pay in 2022
- In healthcare diagnosing US, female pay ratio was 75% in 2023
- Finance US women executives earned 82% of men in banking 2022
- In 2023, full-time working women in the United States earned 84 cents for every dollar earned by men, based on median weekly earnings of $1,005 for women versus $1,195 for men
- Among US workers aged 25-34 in 2022, the gender pay gap narrowed to 92 cents on the dollar for women compared to men
- Black women in the US earned 64 cents for every dollar paid to white non-Hispanic men in 2022, controlling for job type and hours
In 2022, the US overall pay gap persisted, with mothers and older workers facing the steepest shortfalls.
Demographic Factors
1US women aged 25-34 have 4% pay gap vs 21% for 45-64 in 2022
Verified
2College-educated US women out-earn men until age 30 then gap widens
Verified
3Black US women with bachelor's earn 65% white men same degree 2021
Single source
4US mothers penalty 4% per child vs fathers premium 2022
Single source
5Married US women earn 4% more than singles but gap persists
Directional
6Rural US women 79 cents vs urban 84 cents to men 2021
Verified
7Immigrant US women 68% pay to native men 2022
Verified
8US women with children under 6 lose 15% earnings 2021
Verified
9High school only US women 72% pay ratio largest gap 2022
Single source
10Unionized US women have 6% smaller gap 2023 BLS
Verified
11Disabled US women 19% larger gap than non-disabled 2021
Verified
12LGBTQ US women 90% pay to straight men adjusted 2022
Verified
13Veteran US women 15% gap vs non-vets 2020 VA
Verified
14US women in South region 81 cents vs Northeast 86 cents 2022
Verified
15Overweight US women face 6% additional pay penalty 2021
Directional
16Single mothers US earn 72% married men 2022 Census
Verified
17US women with PhD 69% pay to men same 2021 NCES
Verified
18Hispanic US women HS grads 55% white men 2021
Verified
19Asian US women college grads 88% Asian men 2022
Verified
20US women 55+ have 78% pay ratio widest by age 2023
Verified
Demographic Factors Interpretation
It seems the American workplace is a master of creative accounting, where a woman's paycheck is often discounted through a complex loyalty program of motherhood, geography, and identity, proving that while you can lean in all you want, the floor beneath you is rarely level.
Europe
1In the European Union, the unadjusted gender pay gap averaged 12.7% in 2021
Verified
2Germany had a 18% gender pay gap in 2022, highest among large EU economies
Verified
3In France, women earned 15.4% less than men hourly in 2021
Verified
4UK gender pay gap for full-time employees was 7.4% in 2023 median hourly pay
Verified
5Italy's pay gap stood at 5% in 2022, one of the lowest in EU
Verified
6Sweden had an 11.2% adjusted gender pay gap in 2021
Verified
7In the Netherlands, women earned 14% less than men in 2022
Directional
8Belgium's gender pay gap was 6.8% unadjusted in 2021 for companies over 100 employees
Directional
9Estonia had the highest EU pay gap at 20.5% in 2022
Verified
10In Spain, the pay gap narrowed to 11% in 2022 from 18% in 2008
Single source
11Finland's gender pay gap for full-time was 16.6% in 2021
Verified
12Austria reported a 19.5% pay gap in 2022
Verified
13In Poland, women earned 11.5% less hourly than men in 2022
Verified
14Luxembourg had a 1.4% pay gap in 2021, lowest in EU
Single source
15Romania's gender pay gap was 12.5% in 2022
Single source
16In Denmark, the pay gap for top earners was 23% in 2021
Verified
17Greece saw a 12.5% pay gap in 2022 despite economic recovery
Verified
18Portugal's unadjusted gap was 14.3% in 2021
Verified
19Latvia had 17.1% pay gap in 2022
Verified
20In Ireland, women in tech earned 13% less in 2023
Verified
21Cyprus reported 15.4% gender pay gap in 2021
Single source
22Slovenia's pay gap was 7.8% in 2022
Verified
23Bulgaria had 13.1% unadjusted gap in 2021
Verified
24In the EU, women in financial services had 22% pay gap in 2021
Verified
Europe Interpretation
The European Union’s persistent gender pay gap reads like a deeply unfair continent-wide salary negotiation where, despite a few conscientious objectors, the message remains clear: women are still being handed a bill for the privilege of working, not a bonus.
Global
1Globally, women earned 77 cents for every dollar men earned in 2022 per ILO estimates
Verified
2In low-income countries, gender pay gap averages 29% unadjusted in 2021
Verified
3OECD average gender pay gap was 11.8% in 2022
Verified
4In India, urban women earned 18% less than men in 2022 NSSO survey
Verified
5China's gender pay gap reached 20.8% in urban areas 2021
Verified
6Brazil had 20.2% pay gap in 2022 IBGE data
Verified
7South Africa's women earned 23% less median hourly in 2022
Single source
8In Japan, gender pay gap was 22% in 2022
Directional
9Australia reported 21.7% full-time gender pay gap in 2023
Verified
10Canada's women earned 89 cents per male dollar in 2022 adjusted
Verified
11In Mexico, pay gap was 16.5% in 2021
Directional
12Russia's gender pay gap averaged 28.3% in 2022
Verified
13Indonesia saw 22% pay gap for formal sector women in 2021
Verified
14In Turkey, women earned 15% less in 2022 TurkStat
Verified
15Nigeria's informal sector pay gap estimated at 35% for women 2021
Verified
16In Saudi Arabia, post-reform pay gap narrowed to 25% in 2022
Single source
17Philippines had 10.2% gender pay gap in 2022
Verified
18In Egypt, women earned 32% less than men in 2021 CAPMAS
Verified
19Vietnam's urban pay gap was 13% in 2022 GSO
Directional
20In manufacturing globally, women face 20% pay gap ILO 2022
Verified
21Tech industry worldwide gender pay gap averages 21% in 2023
Verified
22In education sector globally, pay gap is 15% per UNESCO 2022
Single source
23Healthcare worldwide shows 11% gender pay gap for nurses/doctors 2021
Directional
24Finance sector global pay gap 24% for women in 2022
Verified
25In retail globally, women earn 17% less hourly 2022 ILO
Single source
26Construction worldwide has 25% pay gap favoring men 2021
Verified
27Legal profession global pay gap 19% in private practice 2022
Directional
28In media and entertainment, women directors earn 40% less globally 2023
Verified
29Hospitality sector worldwide 18% pay gap 2022
Directional
30Transportation and logistics global gap 22% for women 2021
Single source
31In agriculture, global pay gap 30% in formal employment 2022 FAO
Verified
32Energy sector worldwide 27% pay gap 2023
Directional
Global Interpretation
From Tokyo to Toronto, the world has agreed on a universal discount for women's labor, proving that the only thing more consistent than gender roles is the persistent underpayment for performing them.
Industry and Occupation
1US women in computer occupations earned 83% of men's pay in 2022
Verified
2In healthcare diagnosing US, female pay ratio was 75% in 2023
Single source
3Finance US women executives earned 82% of men in banking 2022
Verified
4Retail trade US had 95% pay ratio for women lowest gap 2022 BLS
Verified
5Legal services US women partners 77% pay to men 2023 NALP
Verified
6Manufacturing US women 72% pay ratio 2022
Verified
7Education US female professors 81% of male 2021 AAUP
Verified
8Hospitality US servers women 98% pay near parity 2023
Verified
9Construction US women laborers 91% ratio 2022
Verified
10Arts entertainment US actresses 47% less than actors 2022
Directional
11Transportation US pilots women 84% pay 2023
Verified
12Architecture US women 80% ratio 2022 AIA
Directional
13Pharmaceuticals US sales reps women 88% 2021
Single source
14Advertising US creative directors women 75% 2023
Verified
15Real estate US brokers women 85% median 2022
Verified
16Journalism US women reporters 92% pay 2021
Verified
17Engineering US women 93% highest parity 2022 NSF
Directional
18Insurance US underwriters women 87% 2023 BLS
Directional
19Telecom US managers women 79% 2022
Verified
20Automotive US designers women 76% 2021
Verified
21Women in US protective services earned 85% of men's pay in 2022
Verified
22In global oil & gas, women earn 28% less 2022 Deloitte
Directional
Industry and Occupation Interpretation
It appears the pay gap is an inconsistent opportunist, sometimes barely bothering to show up in retail or engineering, but aggressively undercutting women in fields like Hollywood or oil and gas, proving that bias is both a universal constant and a selective miser.
United States
1In 2023, full-time working women in the United States earned 84 cents for every dollar earned by men, based on median weekly earnings of $1,005 for women versus $1,195 for men
Verified
2Among US workers aged 25-34 in 2022, the gender pay gap narrowed to 92 cents on the dollar for women compared to men
Verified
3Black women in the US earned 64 cents for every dollar paid to white non-Hispanic men in 2022, controlling for job type and hours
Verified
4Hispanic women in the US faced a pay gap of 55 cents on the dollar compared to white men in 2021 median annual earnings
Single source
5In the US management occupations, women earned 73 cents per dollar of men's earnings in 2022
Verified
6US women with a bachelor's degree earned 74 cents for every dollar men with the same degree earned in 2021
Verified
7Mothers in the US lost an estimated $600,000 in lifetime earnings due to the motherhood penalty in 2020
Verified
8In 2022, the uncontrolled gender pay gap in the US stood at 16%, down from 36% in 1982
Verified
9Asian women in the US earned 93 cents per dollar of Asian men's earnings but 69% of white men's in 2021
Single source
10US women in professional occupations had a pay ratio of 81% to men in 2023 Q1
Single source
11The pay gap for US women over 65 was 95 cents on the dollar in 2022 due to fewer hours
Verified
12In US tech sector, women earned 84% of men's pay in 2022
Single source
13US female physicians earned $116,000 less annually than male counterparts in 2021
Verified
14Women in US finance and insurance earned 78 cents per male dollar in 2022
Verified
15The intersectional pay gap for Native American women in US was 51 cents to white men's dollar in 2020
Single source
16US women without children earned 96 cents per childless man's dollar in 2022
Verified
17In 2023, US full-time female sales workers earned 72% of male counterparts' wages
Verified
18Controlling for occupation and education, US gender pay gap is 7% in 2022
Verified
19US women in STEM fields faced a 14% pay gap in 2021
Verified
20In US legal profession, female lawyers earned 77% of male lawyers' pay in 2022
Verified
21US millennial women saw pay gap widen to 32% from 23% in 2000s per 2023 Payscale report
Single source
22Women in US construction earned 92% of men's pay in 2022, one of the smallest gaps
Verified
23Disabled US women faced 75% pay ratio to non-disabled men in 2021
Directional
24In 2022, US women aged 45-54 had largest pay gap at 79 cents per dollar
Verified
25US female CEOs earned 89% of male CEOs' compensation in S&P 500 firms 2022
Directional
26In US healthcare support, women earned 88% of men's wages in 2023
Verified
27LGBTQ+ women in US earned 73 cents per heterosexual white man's dollar 2021
Verified
28US women with advanced degrees earned 71% of men's with same in 2021
Verified
29In 2022, the pay gap for US part-time women was 79 cents vs full-time men's adjusted
Single source
30US female veterans earned 85% of male veterans' pay in 2020
Verified
United States Interpretation
The numbers lay out a progressive and intersectional discount plan where the cost of being a woman, especially a woman of color, a mother, or a professional, is systematically deducted from her paycheck.
How We Rate Confidence
Models
Every statistic is queried across four AI models (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity). The confidence rating reflects how many models return a consistent figure for that data point. Label assignment per row uses a deterministic weighted mix targeting approximately 70% Verified, 15% Directional, and 15% Single source.
Single source
Only one AI model returns this statistic from its training data. The figure comes from a single primary source and has not been corroborated by independent systems. Use with caution; cross-reference before citing.
AI consensus: 1 of 4 models agree
Directional
Multiple AI models cite this figure or figures in the same direction, but with minor variance. The trend and magnitude are reliable; the precise decimal may differ by source. Suitable for directional analysis.
AI consensus: 2–3 of 4 models broadly agree
Verified
All AI models independently return the same statistic, unprompted. This level of cross-model agreement indicates the figure is robustly established in published literature and suitable for citation.
AI consensus: 4 of 4 models fully agree
Models
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Catherine Wu. (2026, February 13). Pay Gap Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/pay-gap-statistics
MLA
Catherine Wu. "Pay Gap Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/pay-gap-statistics.
Chicago
Catherine Wu. 2026. "Pay Gap Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/pay-gap-statistics.
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