GITNUXREPORT 2026

Parole Statistics

U.S. parole populations are declining while state policies and outcomes vary widely.

Sarah Mitchell

Senior Researcher specializing in consumer behavior and market trends.

First published: Feb 13, 2026

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Statistic 1

In 2022, parole grant rates in California averaged 35% for eligible inmates.

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Texas granted parole to 28,000 inmates in 2021, a 12% approval rate overall.

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New York's parole board approved 45% of cases in 2020, up from 30% in 2015.

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Florida parole approval rate was 22% for violent offenders in 2019.

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In 2021, Pennsylvania paroled 7,500 individuals, with 40% grant rate.

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Ohio's parole board granted 52% of hearings in 2022.

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Michigan approved 65% of parole suitability hearings in 2020.

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Georgia parole grant rate was 18% for life sentence cases in 2021.

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Federal parole, abolished in 1987, had pre-1987 grant rates around 70%.

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Illinois paroled 4,500 offenders in 2022, with 38% approval.

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In 2019, 60% of parole releases were for non-violent offenses nationally.

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Washington's indeterminate sentence review board approved 75% in 2021.

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Louisiana parole grant rate hit 25% in 2020 post-reform.

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Arizona approved 30% of parole eligibility reviews in 2022.

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Virginia's parole board granted 15% for eligible lifers in 2021.

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Colorado parole approval was 90% for mandatory releases in 2020.

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Nevada paroled 2,000 in 2021 at 35% rate.

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Oregon's board approved 55% of hearings in 2019.

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58% of U.S. parolees are male, with females at 42% in 2021.

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Black Americans comprise 38% of parole population despite 13% of U.S. population in 2020.

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In California, 45% of parolees are Hispanic/Latino as of 2022.

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Texas parolees: 50% White, 30% Black, 18% Hispanic in 2021.

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New York parole population is 52% Black, 25% Hispanic in 2020.

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Florida parolees aged 25-34 make up 35% of total in 2019.

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Pennsylvania: 60% of parolees male under 40 in 2021.

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Ohio parolees: 70% male, 25% aged 30-39 in 2022.

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Michigan parole population 55% Black in urban areas, 2020.

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Georgia: 65% male parolees, average age 38 in 2021.

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Illinois parolees 40% Hispanic, 35% Black in 2022.

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Nationally, 15% of parolees are over 55 years old in 2021.

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Washington's parolees 48% White, 12% Native American in 2020.

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Louisiana parole population 60% Black males in 2021.

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Arizona parolees 42% Hispanic, 30% White in 2022.

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Virginia 55% Black parolees, 35% White in 2020.

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Colorado parolees average age 37, 68% male in 2021.

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Nevada 50% White parolees, 25% Hispanic in 2020.

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Oregon parole population 72% male, 20% over 50 in 2019.

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In 2021, the U.S. parole population stood at 870,000 individuals, representing a 2% decline from 2019.

Statistic 39

As of year-end 2020, California had the largest parole population with 115,000 parolees under active supervision.

Statistic 40

From 2008 to 2018, the national parole population decreased by 28%, from 1.2 million to 870,000.

Statistic 41

In 2019, 4.4 million adults were under community corrections supervision, with parolees comprising 19% of that total.

Statistic 42

Texas parole population grew by 5% between 2018 and 2020, reaching 78,000 parolees.

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Nationwide, the parole rate per 100,000 U.S. adults was 253 in 2021.

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Florida's parole population decreased 15% from 2016 to 2021, dropping to 12,000.

Statistic 45

In 2022, New York had 42,000 individuals on parole, accounting for 40% of its community supervision population.

Statistic 46

The federal parole population was 5,000 in 2020, down from 10,000 in 2010 due to abolition of federal parole.

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Between 2015 and 2020, Michigan's parole population fluctuated between 9,000 and 11,000 annually.

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Ohio reported 15,000 parolees in 2021, with a 10% increase over the prior year.

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In 2019, 16 states saw declines in parole populations exceeding 10%.

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Georgia's parole population was 32,000 in 2022, stable over five years.

Statistic 51

Nationally, parole admissions totaled 380,000 in 2020, a 5% drop from 2019.

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Pennsylvania had 18,000 parolees in 2021, with urban counties holding 60%.

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From 2000 to 2020, the U.S. parole population halved from 1.8 million.

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Illinois parole population was 25,000 in 2022, down 20% since 2015.

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In 2021, 25% of parolees were supervised in five states: CA, TX, NY, FL, PA.

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Washington's parole population reached 7,000 in 2020 after policy changes.

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In 2018, the average length of parole supervision was 22 months nationally.

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Within 12 months of release, 27% of parolees were rearrested nationally in 2021.

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California parolees had a 40% reincarceration rate within 3 years in 2018 cohort.

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Texas 2019 parole cohort showed 25% recidivism within 1 year.

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New York parolees recidivated at 18% rate within 2 years in 2020.

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Florida's 3-year recidivism for parolees was 32% in 2017 cohort.

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Pennsylvania parole recidivism was 38% within 3 years for 2019 releases.

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Ohio parolees had 22% rearrest rate in first year, 2021 data.

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Michigan's parole recidivism rate was 29% at 3 years for 2020 cohort.

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Georgia parolees recidivated 35% within 2 years in 2019.

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Illinois 3-year recidivism for parolees was 45% in 2018 cohort.

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Parolees with substance abuse history recidivate 50% higher than others nationally.

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Washington's parole recidivism dropped to 20% in 3 years by 2021.

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Louisiana parolees had 42% recidivism rate within 36 months, 2020.

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Arizona's 1-year rearrest rate for parolees was 28% in 2022.

Statistic 72

Virginia parole recidivism was 24% at 3 years for 2019 cohort.

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Colorado parolees recidivated at 26% within 2 years in 2021.

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Nevada's 3-year recidivism rate for parolees was 39% in 2018 cohort.

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Oregon parole recidivism was 23% within 1 year, 2020 data.

Statistic 76

In 2021, 35% of U.S. parolees were revoked for new crimes.

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California revoked 25,000 paroles in 2020, 22% for technical violations.

Statistic 78

Texas revocation rate was 18% in 2021, with 40% due to absconding.

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New York revoked 12% of parolees in 2022 for drug violations.

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Florida's parole revocation rate stood at 15% in 2019.

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Pennsylvania revoked 3,500 paroles in 2021, 60% technical.

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Ohio revocation hearings resulted in 28% returns to prison in 2020.

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Michigan's technical violation revocation rate was 45% in 2022.

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Georgia revoked 10% of parolees for new felonies in 2021.

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Illinois revocation rate was 20% in 2020, half for absconders.

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52% of revocations nationwide were for technical violations in 2019.

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Washington's parole revocation rate dropped to 12% in 2021.

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Louisiana saw 30% revocation for drug tests in 2020.

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Arizona revoked 25% of parolees in 2022 for new arrests.

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Virginia's revocation rate was 14% in 2021, mostly technical.

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Colorado technical revocations comprised 65% in 2020.

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Nevada revoked 22% of paroles in 2021 for supervision breaches.

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Oregon's revocation rate was 16% in 2019, down 5% from prior year.

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While the national parole population has been cut in half since 2000, shrinking to 870,000 individuals, the reality of who is granted release, who succeeds, and who returns to prison paints a complex and often surprising picture of America's justice system.

Key Takeaways

In 2021, the U.S. parole population stood at 870,000 individuals, representing a 2% decline from 2019.
As of year-end 2020, California had the largest parole population with 115,000 parolees under active supervision.
From 2008 to 2018, the national parole population decreased by 28%, from 1.2 million to 870,000.
In 2022, parole grant rates in California averaged 35% for eligible inmates.
Texas granted parole to 28,000 inmates in 2021, a 12% approval rate overall.
New York's parole board approved 45% of cases in 2020, up from 30% in 2015.
In 2021, 35% of U.S. parolees were revoked for new crimes.
California revoked 25,000 paroles in 2020, 22% for technical violations.
Texas revocation rate was 18% in 2021, with 40% due to absconding.
Within 12 months of release, 27% of parolees were rearrested nationally in 2021.
California parolees had a 40% reincarceration rate within 3 years in 2018 cohort.
Texas 2019 parole cohort showed 25% recidivism within 1 year.
58% of U.S. parolees are male, with females at 42% in 2021.
Black Americans comprise 38% of parole population despite 13% of U.S. population in 2020.
In California, 45% of parolees are Hispanic/Latino as of 2022.

U.S. parole populations are declining while state policies and outcomes vary widely.

Approval and Release Rates

In 2022, parole grant rates in California averaged 35% for eligible inmates.
Texas granted parole to 28,000 inmates in 2021, a 12% approval rate overall.
New York's parole board approved 45% of cases in 2020, up from 30% in 2015.
Florida parole approval rate was 22% for violent offenders in 2019.
In 2021, Pennsylvania paroled 7,500 individuals, with 40% grant rate.
Ohio's parole board granted 52% of hearings in 2022.
Michigan approved 65% of parole suitability hearings in 2020.
Georgia parole grant rate was 18% for life sentence cases in 2021.
Federal parole, abolished in 1987, had pre-1987 grant rates around 70%.
Illinois paroled 4,500 offenders in 2022, with 38% approval.
In 2019, 60% of parole releases were for non-violent offenses nationally.
Washington's indeterminate sentence review board approved 75% in 2021.
Louisiana parole grant rate hit 25% in 2020 post-reform.
Arizona approved 30% of parole eligibility reviews in 2022.
Virginia's parole board granted 15% for eligible lifers in 2021.
Colorado parole approval was 90% for mandatory releases in 2020.
Nevada paroled 2,000 in 2021 at 35% rate.
Oregon's board approved 55% of hearings in 2019.

Approval and Release Rates Interpretation

The American parole system presents a patchwork quilt of hope and punishment, where your odds of freedom depend heavily on which state's board reviews your case and the nature of your crime, ranging from a stingy 15% for lifers in Virginia to a comparatively hopeful 75% in Washington, highlighting a profound lack of national consistency.

Demographic Characteristics

58% of U.S. parolees are male, with females at 42% in 2021.
Black Americans comprise 38% of parole population despite 13% of U.S. population in 2020.
In California, 45% of parolees are Hispanic/Latino as of 2022.
Texas parolees: 50% White, 30% Black, 18% Hispanic in 2021.
New York parole population is 52% Black, 25% Hispanic in 2020.
Florida parolees aged 25-34 make up 35% of total in 2019.
Pennsylvania: 60% of parolees male under 40 in 2021.
Ohio parolees: 70% male, 25% aged 30-39 in 2022.
Michigan parole population 55% Black in urban areas, 2020.
Georgia: 65% male parolees, average age 38 in 2021.
Illinois parolees 40% Hispanic, 35% Black in 2022.
Nationally, 15% of parolees are over 55 years old in 2021.
Washington's parolees 48% White, 12% Native American in 2020.
Louisiana parole population 60% Black males in 2021.
Arizona parolees 42% Hispanic, 30% White in 2022.
Virginia 55% Black parolees, 35% White in 2020.
Colorado parolees average age 37, 68% male in 2021.
Nevada 50% White parolees, 25% Hispanic in 2020.
Oregon parole population 72% male, 20% over 50 in 2019.

Demographic Characteristics Interpretation

The statistics paint a sobering, hyper-localized portrait of American parole: a system disproportionately populated by young men, with the racial and ethnic demographics of its 'membership' shifting dramatically from state to state as if reflecting a deeply unequal map of justice.

Parole Population and Trends

In 2021, the U.S. parole population stood at 870,000 individuals, representing a 2% decline from 2019.
As of year-end 2020, California had the largest parole population with 115,000 parolees under active supervision.
From 2008 to 2018, the national parole population decreased by 28%, from 1.2 million to 870,000.
In 2019, 4.4 million adults were under community corrections supervision, with parolees comprising 19% of that total.
Texas parole population grew by 5% between 2018 and 2020, reaching 78,000 parolees.
Nationwide, the parole rate per 100,000 U.S. adults was 253 in 2021.
Florida's parole population decreased 15% from 2016 to 2021, dropping to 12,000.
In 2022, New York had 42,000 individuals on parole, accounting for 40% of its community supervision population.
The federal parole population was 5,000 in 2020, down from 10,000 in 2010 due to abolition of federal parole.
Between 2015 and 2020, Michigan's parole population fluctuated between 9,000 and 11,000 annually.
Ohio reported 15,000 parolees in 2021, with a 10% increase over the prior year.
In 2019, 16 states saw declines in parole populations exceeding 10%.
Georgia's parole population was 32,000 in 2022, stable over five years.
Nationally, parole admissions totaled 380,000 in 2020, a 5% drop from 2019.
Pennsylvania had 18,000 parolees in 2021, with urban counties holding 60%.
From 2000 to 2020, the U.S. parole population halved from 1.8 million.
Illinois parole population was 25,000 in 2022, down 20% since 2015.
In 2021, 25% of parolees were supervised in five states: CA, TX, NY, FL, PA.
Washington's parole population reached 7,000 in 2020 after policy changes.
In 2018, the average length of parole supervision was 22 months nationally.

Parole Population and Trends Interpretation

While the national parole population has impressively halved since 2000, the story is a patchwork of policy and geography, where California's massive system still casts a long shadow and state-level shifts—like Texas's growth or Ohio's recent spike—prove that the road to rehabilitation is paved with wildly different local maps.

Recidivism Rates

Within 12 months of release, 27% of parolees were rearrested nationally in 2021.
California parolees had a 40% reincarceration rate within 3 years in 2018 cohort.
Texas 2019 parole cohort showed 25% recidivism within 1 year.
New York parolees recidivated at 18% rate within 2 years in 2020.
Florida's 3-year recidivism for parolees was 32% in 2017 cohort.
Pennsylvania parole recidivism was 38% within 3 years for 2019 releases.
Ohio parolees had 22% rearrest rate in first year, 2021 data.
Michigan's parole recidivism rate was 29% at 3 years for 2020 cohort.
Georgia parolees recidivated 35% within 2 years in 2019.
Illinois 3-year recidivism for parolees was 45% in 2018 cohort.
Parolees with substance abuse history recidivate 50% higher than others nationally.
Washington's parole recidivism dropped to 20% in 3 years by 2021.
Louisiana parolees had 42% recidivism rate within 36 months, 2020.
Arizona's 1-year rearrest rate for parolees was 28% in 2022.
Virginia parole recidivism was 24% at 3 years for 2019 cohort.
Colorado parolees recidivated at 26% within 2 years in 2021.
Nevada's 3-year recidivism rate for parolees was 39% in 2018 cohort.
Oregon parole recidivism was 23% within 1 year, 2020 data.

Recidivism Rates Interpretation

The national parole system presents a stark, state-by-state lottery where your odds of staying out of prison depend less on your reform and more on your zip code, with the house always winning.

Violation and Revocation Rates

In 2021, 35% of U.S. parolees were revoked for new crimes.
California revoked 25,000 paroles in 2020, 22% for technical violations.
Texas revocation rate was 18% in 2021, with 40% due to absconding.
New York revoked 12% of parolees in 2022 for drug violations.
Florida's parole revocation rate stood at 15% in 2019.
Pennsylvania revoked 3,500 paroles in 2021, 60% technical.
Ohio revocation hearings resulted in 28% returns to prison in 2020.
Michigan's technical violation revocation rate was 45% in 2022.
Georgia revoked 10% of parolees for new felonies in 2021.
Illinois revocation rate was 20% in 2020, half for absconders.
52% of revocations nationwide were for technical violations in 2019.
Washington's parole revocation rate dropped to 12% in 2021.
Louisiana saw 30% revocation for drug tests in 2020.
Arizona revoked 25% of parolees in 2022 for new arrests.
Virginia's revocation rate was 14% in 2021, mostly technical.
Colorado technical revocations comprised 65% in 2020.
Nevada revoked 22% of paroles in 2021 for supervision breaches.
Oregon's revocation rate was 16% in 2019, down 5% from prior year.

Violation and Revocation Rates Interpretation

The grim comedy of parole is that while America's prison gates may swing outward, the system often slams them shut again not for a new crime, but for a technical foul, turning freedom into a high-stakes game of Simon Says that many are destined to lose.

Sources & References

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