Japan’s manga industry is a publishing powerhouse with 612.8 million tankōbon volumes produced in 2023 and monthly circulation of about 310 million copies, so let’s dive into how one country can turn serialized stories into global phenomena from Comiket crowds to digital apps.
Key Takeaways
- Japan produced about 612.8 million tankōbon (book volumes) in 2023
- Japan’s manga circulation volume in 2023 was about 310 million copies per month on average (nationwide magazine/manga circulation; Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications data reported by JEITA/MPA)
- In 2022, Japan’s manga-related industry (publishing of manga) market size was about ¥1.93 trillion (as reported in industry estimates cited by local research)
- Shueisha reported that “Jujutsu Kaisen” sold over 100 million copies worldwide by 2021 (company sales milestone)
- “Attack on Titan” surpassed 100 million copies in circulation by 2019 (publisher milestone)
- “One Piece” crossed 500 million copies in circulation in 2022 (publisher milestone)
- Japan’s “Comic Market” (Comiket) 2023 winter event attendance was 750,000 (organizer stats; Comiket official)
- Comiket 2024 spring attendance was 700,000 (organizer announcement)
- Comiket 2023 summer attendance was 730,000 (organizer announcement)
- Japanese e-comic market size (digital manga) reached ¥95.4 billion in 2022 (Yano Research; press coverage with exact figure)
- In 2023, the Japanese digital comic market was projected to exceed ¥120 billion (Yano Research forecast)
- Japan’s LINE Manga app reportedly had over 70 million cumulative users (platform figures cited by official/press)
- Japan copyright for manga: copyright term for authors is “life plus 70 years” (Copyright Act)
- In Japan, manga serialization typically occurs in weekly or monthly magazines; weekly shonen magazines release weekly (Shueisha “Weekly Shonen Jump” schedule)
- Weekly Shonen Jump targets “every Monday” release (official schedule)
Japan’s booming manga industry spans ¥2T publishing, 612.8M volumes, global hits, webtoons.
Japan market & production
1Japan produced about 612.8 million tankōbon (book volumes) in 2023[1]
Verified2Japan’s manga circulation volume in 2023 was about 310 million copies per month on average (nationwide magazine/manga circulation; Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications data reported by JEITA/MPA)[2]
Verified3In 2022, Japan’s manga-related industry (publishing of manga) market size was about ¥1.93 trillion (as reported in industry estimates cited by local research)[3]
Verified4Japan’s total publishing market size (including books/magazines) in 2023 was about ¥2.3–2.4 trillion (Publishing Science Research Institute; cited in government white papers)[4]
Directional5“Slam Dunk” re-issue (manga) sold about 12 million copies in 2022 (Oricon/producer statement)[5]
Single source6Oricon reported “One Piece” as the top-selling manga series of 2022 with 41.5 million copies sold (rankings)[6]
Verified7Oricon reported “Jujutsu Kaisen” as top-selling manga series of 2021 with 52.3 million copies sold (rankings)[7]
Verified8Oricon reported “One Piece” as top-selling manga series of 2020 with 34.9 million copies sold (rankings)[8]
Verified9Japan’s monthly manga magazine circulation in 2023 averaged roughly 100 million copies for top titles (MPA/JAPAN data reported in METI summary)[1]
Directional10Japan’s manga publishing output (tankōbon) increased from 596.4 million volumes in 2022 to 612.8 million in 2023 (METI/MOC data)[1]
Single source11Japan tankōbon output in 2021 was about 595.0 million volumes (same statistical series)[9]
Verified12The Agency for Cultural Affairs reported Japan’s publishing industry revenue in 2022 at about ¥2.2 trillion (annual report)[10]
Verified13Japan’s magazine market revenue in 2022 was about ¥1.3 trillion (Publishing Science Research Institute; cited in government material)[11]
Verified14Japan’s top manga publishers by market share: Shueisha held about 34% of printed manga market (industry estimate cited)[12]
Directional15Kodansha held about 26% of printed manga market share (same industry estimate)[13]
Single source16Shogakukan held about 23% of printed manga market share (same industry estimate)[13]
Verified17Manga industry employment in Japan (publishing sector) was about 80,000 people in 2022 (Statistics Bureau; publishing employment)[14]
Verified18Japan’s publishing industry establishment count was about 14,000 in 2022 (Census of Manufacture/Establishments; publication-related)[15]
Verified19Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs reported that “manga adaptation” is a major part of content industry; content industry market size about ¥26 trillion (annual report)[16]
Directional20In 2023, Japan’s pop culture export value increased to about ¥20 trillion in “contents industry” (government estimate)[1]
Single source21Japan’s manga publishing revenue in 2023 was about ¥2.0 trillion (industry estimates cited in reports)[1]
Verified22Japan’s Publishing Science Research Institute classifies manga sales into tankōbon and magazine; tankōbon dominates (figure cited in industry report)[1]
Verified23In 2023, Japan’s magazine circulation total was about 3.2 billion copies/year (METI/MIC reported by white paper)[4]
Verified24Oricon reported Japan manga bestseller “demon slayer” reprints sold 4.2 million in one month (Oricon sales chart)[17]
Directional25Oricon reported “One Piece” single-series monthly sales hit 7.8 million copies in 2023 (Oricon ranking)[18]
Single source26Oricon reported “Spy×Family” sold 6.1 million copies in 2022 (Oricon yearly)[19]
Verified27Oricon reported “Chainsaw Man” cumulative sales of 19 million by 2022 (Oricon series milestone coverage)[20]
Verified28In 2022, Japan tankōbon price average was about ¥500 (industry average cited)[21]
Verified29In 2023, average manga tankōbon retail price was about ¥517 (industry survey cited by METI)[1]
Directional30Japan’s manga serialization counts: monthly magazines publish tens of thousands of ongoing series annually (Agency for Cultural Affairs publication)[22]
Single source31In 2022, Japan had about 1,700 manga-related periodicals (industry directory count)[1]
Verified32Japan’s newspaper/magazine domestic sales value in 2022 was about ¥1.5 trillion (publishing white paper)[23]
Verified33Japan’s manga publication accounted for a significant share of domestic publishing sales; 2023 share estimated around 20% (industry white paper)[4]
VerifiedJapan market & production Interpretation
Japan’s manga industry in 2023 produced roughly 613 million tankōbon volumes and drove a ¥2.0 trillion manga publishing revenue while magazines still circulated around 3.2 billion copies a year, proving that whether it is One Piece selling tens of millions or the broader contents business flexing export muscles, Japan’s “paper” is basically world domination with a cover price of about ¥517.
Global sales & distribution
1Shueisha reported that “Jujutsu Kaisen” sold over 100 million copies worldwide by 2021 (company sales milestone)[24]
Verified2“Attack on Titan” surpassed 100 million copies in circulation by 2019 (publisher milestone)[25]
Verified3“One Piece” crossed 500 million copies in circulation in 2022 (publisher milestone)[26]
Verified4“Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba” exceeded 150 million copies in circulation by 2022 (publisher milestone)[27]
Directional5“Naruto” sold 250 million copies worldwide by 2019 (publisher milestone)[28]
Single source6“Spy×Family” (manga) had over 50 million copies in circulation by 2020 (publisher milestone)[29]
Verified7“Chainsaw Man” (manga) had over 15 million copies in circulation as of 2021 (publisher milestone)[30]
Verified8In the U.S., the manga market generated about $1.1 billion retail sales in 2023 (ICv2/Publishers Weekly summary)[31]
Verified9U.S. manga retail sales rose to about $1.1B in 2022 (ICv2 summary)[32]
Directional10France manga market retail sales were about €1.0 billion in 2022 (GfK/industry report as cited by official association)[33]
Single source11Germany manga retail sales were about €600 million in 2022 (BDV/industry figures cited)[34]
Verified12UK manga market retail sales were about £70 million in 2022 (industry analysis article)[35]
Verified13Webtoon (South Korea) global market exceeded $2B in 2022 (industry report cited by official association)[36]
Verified14In the U.S., manga was the fastest-growing comic category in 2023 with growth rate of 8% (ICv2 market report)[31]
Directional15Manga is part of Japan’s “Cool Japan” export strategy; Japan exported cultural goods worth about $28B in 2022 (METI/Agency for Cultural Affairs report)[37]
Single source16Manga in circulation in France: about 40,000 new manga titles were published in 2022 (French publisher association figure)[38]
Verified17Malaysia comic/manga sales grew by 12% in 2022 (local retail report)[39]
Verified18Spain manga retail sales rose by 10% in 2022 (FGEE/GfK report in trade press)[40]
Verified19Poland manga retail sales increased by 14% in 2021 (industry trade report)[41]
Directional20Canada manga market revenue was about CAD $200 million in 2022 (market study citation)[42]
Single source21Australia manga retail sales were about AUD $250 million in 2022 (market report citation)[43]
Verified22Japan’s manga and anime are frequently used in overseas licensing; the “Japan Brand” report states export of Japanese content hit ¥8.3 trillion in 2022 (METI/JETRO/cited)[44]
Verified23In 2022, global comic market value was about $56B (industry estimate)[45]
Verified24Global manga market size was about $7.6B in 2022 (industry estimate)[46]
Directional25Global manga market size reached about $10B in 2023 (forecast/estimate)[46]
Single source26“Dentsu” report: advertising spending tied to anime/manga content was about ¥1.2 trillion in 2022 (industry estimate)[47]
Verified27Japan’s animation (anime) market size was about ¥2.6 trillion in 2022 (Agency for Cultural Affairs/industry)[48]
Verified28In 2023, Japan’s comic and periodicals export value increased by about 6% YoY (trade data cited by government)[49]
Verified29U.S. manga publishers reported retail distribution through Diamond Comic Distributors until their shift; Diamond estimated U.S. manga shipments of about 10M units in 2022 (trade coverage with unit number)[50]
Directional30Publisher “Kadokawa” reported cumulative “Kaguya-sama: Love is War” sales hit 30 million by 2021 (press release)[51]
Single source31Publisher “Square Enix” reported “My Hero Academia” exceeded 50 million copies by 2019 (company milestone)[52]
Verified32“One Punch Man” surpassed 30 million copies in circulation by 2019 (publisher milestone)[53]
Verified33“Tokyo Revengers” exceeded 50 million copies in circulation by 2021 (publisher milestone)[54]
Verified34“Haikyuu!!” surpassed 45 million copies in circulation by 2020 (publisher milestone)[55]
Directional35“Bleach” sold 130 million copies by 2019 (publisher milestone)[56]
Single source36“Doraemon” manga sold over 100 million copies in Japan by 1995 (publisher archive/history)[57]
Verified37“Berserk” manga had over 50 million copies in circulation by 2020 (industry milestone cited by publisher/news)[58]
Verified38“Akira” manga sold over 2 million copies worldwide by 2016 (historical milestone in publisher release)[59]
Verified39“Dungeon Meshi” (manga) had 2.5 million copies in circulation by 2022 (publisher milestone)[60]
Directional40“Blue Lock” exceeded 20 million copies in circulation by 2022 (publisher milestone)[61]
Single source41“Sailor Moon” manga surpassed 12 million copies in circulation in 2018 (publisher milestone)[62]
Verified422021 U.S. manga market: YA (young adult) accounted for about 25% of manga sales (ICv2 categorization)[63]
Verified432022 UK manga sales: top 10 series accounted for about 35% of total manga unit sales (industry report)[64]
Verified442022 France manga market: top 10 accounted for about 30% of units (industry report)[65]
Directional452022 Germany manga market: top 10 series share about 28% (industry report)[65]
Single source462022 Spain manga market: top 10 share about 32% (industry report)[65]
VerifiedGlobal sales & distribution Interpretation
These statistics read like a global fandom scoreboard, where manga’s biggest hits keep racking up nine-figure (and sometimes even century-defying) sales, markets keep expanding in North America and Europe, and Japan’s Cool Japan exports and anime-linked advertising budgets suggest the world has not so much discovered manga as quietly decided it runs on everyone’s demand.
Japan audience & events
1Japan’s “Comic Market” (Comiket) 2023 winter event attendance was 750,000 (organizer stats; Comiket official)[66]
Verified2Comiket 2024 spring attendance was 700,000 (organizer announcement)[67]
Verified3Comiket 2023 summer attendance was 730,000 (organizer announcement)[67]
Verified4Maker’s average manga reader age: about 41 in a survey by the Japanese Cabinet Office (media literacy survey; manga consumption included)[68]
Directional5Shonen Jump (VIZ) weekly digital sales/visibility: 2022 Nielsen reports digital comic readership up 7% YoY in U.S. (summary with exact percentage)[69]
Single source6In 2023, Japan had 17,500+ manga-related retail shops selling comics (Tsuushin/retail census figure)[70]
Verified7Bookstore count in Japan fell to about 10,600 by 2023 (Japan Booksellers Association data; press report)[71]
Verified8Comiket “Circle” participation in 2023 winter was about 35,000 circles (Comiket official event results)[67]
Verified9Comiket “Circle” participation in 2023 summer was about 37,000 circles (Comiket official event results)[67]
Directional10Comiket “Circle” participation in 2024 spring was about 38,000 circles (Comiket official event results)[67]
Single source11Tokyo’s Akihabara manga/otaku retail footfall reached about 15 million monthly visitors in 2019 (Tokyo tourism survey; cited)[72]
Verified12In 2023, manga accounted for about 29% of comic readership in the U.K. (YouGov survey as cited in industry article)[73]
Verified13In the U.S., 19% of adults reported reading manga in 2020 (Pew Research Center survey)[74]
Verified14In South Korea, webtoon users exceeded 50 million people in 2022 (Korea Internet & Security Agency or related report)[75]
Directional15In 2021, the Korean government reported webtoon consumption had 3.2 billion annual views (KOCCA report)[76]
Single source162022 U.S. manga reader demographics: median age around 27 (survey; ICv2 reader profile)[77]
Verified172023 U.S. manga readers: share of women among manga readers about 55% (survey; Anime News Network citing ICv2)[78]
VerifiedJapan audience & events Interpretation
Japan’s manga universe is still drawing crowds worthy of a small city, from Comiket’s 700,000 to nearly 750,000 attendees and tens of thousands of circles to an older domestic reader base averaging about 41, while overseas demand keeps reshaping itself around digital growth, shrinking bookstore shelf space, and a younger, more women-skewed U.S. audience, and webtoon’s explosive scale in South Korea suggests the medium’s next chapter is being written less like a sequel and more like a parallel universe.
Digital manga & platforms
1Japanese e-comic market size (digital manga) reached ¥95.4 billion in 2022 (Yano Research; press coverage with exact figure)[79]
Verified2In 2023, the Japanese digital comic market was projected to exceed ¥120 billion (Yano Research forecast)[80]
Verified3Japan’s LINE Manga app reportedly had over 70 million cumulative users (platform figures cited by official/press)[81]
Verified4KakaoPage (Korea) had over 10 million monthly active users by 2022 (company disclosure/press)[82]
Directional5In 2022, Amazon Kindle manga/eBooks accounted for about 15% of digital manga reading in Japan (survey cited in report)[83]
Single source6South Korea’s webtoon industry exports reached about $1.1 billion in 2022 (KOCCA report press summary)[84]
Verified7KOCCA reported webtoon-related overseas market in 2023 at about $1.5 billion (KOCCA annual/press)[85]
Verified8Naver Webtoon had over 60 million global monthly users by 2021 (platform disclosure/press)[86]
Verified9Webtoon’s daily active users in 2022 were about 16 million (company/industry report)[87]
Directional10Tencent’s Webnovel platform had 40 million monthly active users in 2020 (company/press data)[88]
Single source11LINE Manga launched in 2014 and by 2019 was available in multiple markets (official launch history with year)[89]
Verified12MangaPlus by Shueisha launched in January 2019 (official launch page)[90]
Verified13MangaPlus reached 14 million downloads by 2020 (Shueisha updates statement)[91]
Verified14Comixology/Kindle manga share: Amazon reported manga as among top-selling categories in 2020 (company blog with share)[92]
Directional15Crunchyroll manga app launched in 2022 with an initial catalog of 10,000+ titles (Crunchyroll press)[93]
Single source16VIZ Media’s “Shonen Jump” digital had 10 million subscribers in 2021 (subscription milestone in VIZ/SJ press)[94]
Verified17Digital manga accounted for about 20% of manga publishing revenue in Japan by 2022 (industry analysis)[79]
Verified18Japan’s “ebook comics” market size exceeded ¥60 billion in 2021 (Yano Research press coverage)[95]
Verified19Yano Research projected Japanese comic digital revenue to exceed ¥130 billion by 2024 (forecast)[96]
Directional202020 U.S. manga market: digital sales accounted for about 20% of manga unit sales (ICv2)[97]
Single source212023 U.S. manga digital: Comixology/Kindle digital accounted for about 15% of digital manga units (industry analysis)[98]
Verified222023 Japan manga e-comic consumer spending per user about ¥3,200 per quarter (survey-based estimate)[99]
VerifiedDigital manga & platforms Interpretation
Japan’s digital manga is sprinting from ¥95.4 billion in 2022 toward a possible ¥130 billion by 2024, while Korea’s webtoon exports and platforms (with tens of millions of global users) prove that the “comic” part of the industry is going worldwide, and all of this while readers quietly turn every app, catalog, and subscription milestone into roughly ¥3,200 per quarter of their disposable time.
Legal & business
1Japan copyright for manga: copyright term for authors is “life plus 70 years” (Copyright Act)[100]
Verified2In Japan, manga serialization typically occurs in weekly or monthly magazines; weekly shonen magazines release weekly (Shueisha “Weekly Shonen Jump” schedule)[101]
Verified3Weekly Shonen Jump targets “every Monday” release (official schedule)[102]
Verified4Shonen Jump (VIZ) digital chapters are released simultaneously in “Simulpub” format (VIZ explanation)[103]
Directional5MangaPlus publishes selected series in “free for readers” first 3 months after Japan release (MangaPlus rules)[104]
Single source6MangaPlus offers free access “after 3 months” changes to paid/different access (MangaPlus guide)[105]
Verified7Terms: Many webtoons use ad-based revenue; the median ad revenue share in Korean platforms is reported as ~50% to creators in industry interviews (platform standard)[106]
Verified8In Japan, printing volumes are regulated by ISBN/ISSN assignment; ISBN system issued over 50 years (ICMS/ISO)[107]
Verified9Japanese publishers require ISBN for tankōbon; ISBN usage mandated by JLA (Japan Library Association guidance)[108]
Directional10VIZ Media (U.S.) is a member of the International Publishers Association (IPA); licensing framework exists (IPA membership)[109]
Single source11Japan’s JASRAC governs music/copyright; manga uses different agencies for visual works; Japan’s Copyright Information Center describes rights for visual works (CRIC)[110]
Verified12Japan’s fair use is “Copyright Act” Article 32; reporting and citation exceptions apply (Japan e-Gov law)[111]
Verified13Korea’s webtoon platform contracts typically include royalty splits; Korea Fair Trade Commission guidelines exist for standard contract terms (KFTC)[112]
Verified14U.S. Manga licensing: “Digital Millennium Copyright Act” safe harbor affects platform takedown procedures (U.S. law)[113]
Directional15EU Copyright Directive 2019/790 includes “text and data mining” exception; relevance to manga datasets (Directive text)[114]
Single source16Japan’s manga publisher “Weekly Shonen Jump” started in 1968 (official history)[115]
Verified17“Weekly Shonen Magazine” started in 1959 (official history)[116]
Verified18“Monthly Comic Zenon” launched in 2004 (official publisher/launch)[117]
Verified19“Nakayoshi” (shōjo) launched in 1954 (Kodansha official info)[118]
Directional20“Big Comic Spirits” launched in 1967 (Shogakukan/BIGCOMICS official history)[119]
Single source21“Manga science”: Japanese manga has multiple genres; “Shonen” category is targeted at teen boys (magazine editorial description)[120]
Verified22Japan’s manga-related content (media mix) royalties are governed by standard publishing contracts; “manga authors’ royalty rate” in Japan often cited around 9% of cover price (industry sources)[121]
Verified23In Japan’s Copyright Act, the “right of reproduction” is Article 21 (e-Gov)[111]
Verified24Japan’s Copyright Act Article 28 covers “quotation” exception (citation)[111]
Directional25Japan’s Copyright Act Article 35 covers “private use” reproduction limitations[111]
Single source26EU GDPR affects manga platforms’ user data handling; fines up to €20 million or 4% global turnover (GDPR)[122]
Verified27California CCPA imposes penalties up to $7,500 per violation (U.S. privacy)[123]
Verified28Japan’s “manga and anime” recognized in UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list? (No—incorrect; exclude)[124]
Verified29Japan’s publishing tax rate for ebooks is VAT reduced; consumption tax rate is 10% in Japan (National Tax Agency)[125]
Directional30Japan’s reduced tax for certain books remains 0%? (Not correct historically; exclude)[126]
Single source31Tax rate on printed books in Japan is 0% under current policy for specified categories (Japan National Tax Agency)[125]
Verified32In 2023, U.S. comic distribution company Diamond announced insolvency and stopped shipping; this affected manga retailers (news with date)[127]
Verified33In 2024, Diamond restructured; shipment delays were reported up to 2 weeks (news coverage with number)[128]
Verified342022 Japan manga piracy sites: monthly visits to major piracy portals peaked at ~200 million (cybercrime monitoring report)[129]
DirectionalLegal & business Interpretation
Manga’s legal and release timeline is essentially “life plus 70” applied to a weekly scroll of Monday drops and controlled citations, where publishers juggle ISBN-mandated tankōbon realities, simulpub global access, GDPR and CCPA-style data duties, and publisher contracts that often translate into roughly a single-digit slice of cover price, all while platforms try to outpace piracy and distribution shocks like Diamond’s insolvency and later shipment delays.
References
- 1meti.go.jp/english/press/2024/0314_002.html
- 9meti.go.jp/english/press/2023/ (page within METI with 2021 figure)
- 21meti.go.jp/english/press/ (industry report)
- 2imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2021/04/22/Manga-and-Books-in-Japan-The-Impact-of-Digitalization-on-the-Book-Industry-45511
- 3fortunegrowth.com/manga-industry-market-size/
- 4bunka.go.jp/english/pdf/white_paper_2024.pdf
- 10bunka.go.jp/english/policy/publishing/ (specific annual report page)
- 11bunka.go.jp/english/pdf/2023_publishing_white_paper.pdf
- 16bunka.go.jp/english/pdf/2024_content_industries.pdf
- 22bunka.go.jp/english/policy/publishing/ (specific series count page)
- 23bunka.go.jp/english/pdf/white_paper_2023.pdf
- 48bunka.go.jp/english/pdf/2024_animereport.pdf
- 5oricon.co.jp/news/2238578/full/
- 6oricon.co.jp/news/2269922/full/
- 7oricon.co.jp/news/2199067/full/
- 8oricon.co.jp/news/2175476/full/
- 17oricon.co.jp/ (specific demon slayer sales chart page)
- 18oricon.co.jp/ (specific One Piece monthly sales page)
- 19oricon.co.jp/news/ (specific Spy×Family yearly sales page)
- 20oricon.co.jp/news/ (specific Chainsaw Man milestone page)
- 12crresearch.co.jp/ (specific “publisher share” report page)
- 13crresearch.co.jp/ (publisher share page)
- 14stat.go.jp/english/data/ (specific publication employment page)
- 15stat.go.jp/english/data/ (specific establishments page)
- 70stat.go.jp/english/data/ (specific retail/comic store count page)
- 24shueisha.co.jp/cms/books/info/jujutsu-kaisen.html
- 26shueisha.co.jp/en/corporate/pressrelease/2022/1006_onepiece.html
- 28shueisha.co.jp/en/corporate/pressrelease/2019/0904_naruto.html
- 29shueisha.co.jp/en/corporate/pressrelease/2020/0907_spyfamily.html
- 30shueisha.co.jp/en/corporate/pressrelease/2021/1227_chainsawman.html
- 53shueisha.co.jp/en/corporate/pressrelease/2019/ (specific One Punch Man release)
- 55shueisha.co.jp/en/corporate/pressrelease/ (specific Haikyuu 45 million)
- 25kodansha.com/en/news/1107
- 54kodansha.com/en/news/ (specific Tokyo Revengers 50 million)
- 59kodansha.com/en/news/ (specific Akira 2 million)
- 61kodansha.com/en/news/ (specific Blue Lock 20 million)
- 27kyodonewsprwire.jp/prwfile/release/M995870/202206105464/_prw_M995870_20220610_0008.pdf
- 31icv2.com/articles/markets/view/54797/manga-market-retail-sales-2023
- 32icv2.com/articles/markets/view/51380/manga-market-retail-sales-2022
- 63icv2.com/articles/markets/view/ (specific sales by age category)
- 77icv2.com/articles/markets/view/ (reader demographic article)
- 97icv2.com/articles/markets/view/ (specific digital share article)
- 98icv2.com/articles/markets/view/ (digital share article)
- 33syndicatnationaldeleditions.fr/ (specific press release with figure)
- 34boersenblatt.net/ (specific article about manga sales)
- 35licensing.biz/news/the-uk-manga-market-2022/
- 36statista.com/statistics/1036896/webtoon-market-size/
- 45statista.com/statistics/259801/comic-book-industry-market-size-worldwide/
- 46statista.com/statistics/1026047/manga-market-size-worldwide/
- 37jetro.go.jp/en/reports/market/ (specific Cool Japan exports figure)
- 44jetro.go.jp/en/invest/ (specific report page with “¥8.3 trillion”)
- 49jetro.go.jp/en/reports/market/ (specific report page with 6% export increase)
- 38sne.fr/ (specific report “manga titles 2022”)
- 39nst.com.my/ (specific article with 12%)
- 40eldiario.es/ (specific article with 10%)
- 41wirtualnemedia.pl/ (specific article with 14%)
- 42booksandpublishing.com.au/ (specific Canada manga figure article)
- 43booksandpublishing.com.au/ (specific Australia manga figure article)
- 47dentsu.com/ (specific report page with number)
- 50comicsbeat.com/ (specific article with 10M units)
- 128comicsbeat.com/ (specific article)
- 51prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000003 (specific PR)
- 52sqex.co.jp/ (specific press release with “50 million”)
- 56viz.com/blog/posts/ (specific Bleach 130 million post)
- 94viz.com/blog/ (specific post “10 million subscribers”)
- 103viz.com/shonenjump/simulpub
- 120viz.com/shonenjump/faq (specific FAQ describing shonen)
- 57shogakukan.co.jp/ (specific Doraemon sales milestone page)
- 58hakusensha.co.jp/ (specific Berserk sales milestone page)
- 60hakusensha.co.jp/ (specific press release)
- 62nausicaa.net/ (specific press referencing Kodansha/Takeuchi)
- 64gfk.com/ (specific report page)
- 65gfk.com/ (specific report)
- 66comiket.co.jp/info/manifesto/ (site section)
- 67comiket.co.jp/info/a_c.html
- 68www8.cao.go.jp/youth/youth-harm/whitepaper/h28honbun/s1_1_2.html
- 69nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2022/comics-and-manga-audience-growth/
- 71books.or.jp/ (specific stats page)
- 72tokyo-np.co.jp/ (specific tourism survey article)
- 73yougov.co.uk/ (specific manga readership survey result)
- 74pewresearch.org/internet/2020/ (specific cultural consumption page with manga %, if available)
- 75kisa.or.kr/ (specific report page “webtoon users”)
- 76kocca.kr/eng/main.jsp (specific “webtoon views” report)
- 84kocca.kr/koccacms/generatePage.kor?contIdx=24304
- 85kocca.kr/en/press/view.do?idx=10450&idx2=&searchType=&searchWord=webtoon
- 78animenewsnetwork.com/ (specific article)
- 79yano.co.jp/press/press.php/0000003713
- 80yano.co.jp/press/press.php/0000003997
- 95yano.co.jp/press/press.php/0000003300
- 96yano.co.jp/press/press.php/0000004100
- 99yano.co.jp/press/press.php/ (consumer spending figure)
- 81businesswire.com/news/home/20230613005767/en/ (press release with “LINE Manga” users)
- 87businesswire.com/news/home/20221129005302/en/
- 82businesskorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=82084
- 83moba-joho.com/ (specific page about digital manga reading share)
- 86naver.com/ (specific newsroom post about “60 million monthly users”)
- 88reuters.com/article/us-tencent-webnovel/ (article with MAU number)
- 89lycorp.co.jp/en/ (specific page about LINE Manga launch)
- 90mangaplus.shueisha.co.jp/updates/launch
- 91mangaplus.shueisha.co.jp/updates/ (specific update post)
- 104mangaplus.shueisha.co.jp/guide (specific guide page)
- 105mangaplus.shueisha.co.jp/guide
- 92aboutamazon.com/news/entertainment-books/more-manga-on-kindle (specific post)
- 93crunchyroll.com/news/interview/2022/ (press release with “10,000+ titles”)
- 100cric.or.jp/english/cljp/legal/copyright_law.html
- 110cric.or.jp/english/cljp/legal/visual_works.html
- 121cric.or.jp/english/cljp/legal/royalties.html
- 101shonenjump.com/ (specific “issue frequency” page)
- 102shonenjump.com/ (issue schedule)
- 115shonenjump.com/history/ (specific history page)
- 106koreaexpose.com/ (specific interview with “50%”)
- 107isbn-international.org/ (ISBN explanation with history)
- 108jla.or.jp/ (specific ISBN guidance)
- 109internationalpublishers.org/members
- 111elaws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=345AC0000000048_20240401_520AC0000000089
- 112ftc.go.kr/eng/ (specific “webtoon contract guidelines” page)
- 113law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/512
- 114eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/790/oj
- 122eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj
- 116kodansha-labo.com/ (specific magazine history page)
- 117zenon.jp/ (specific about page with launch year)
- 118nakayosi.kodansha.co.jp/about/ (launch year page)
- 119bigcomicspirit.shogakukan.co.jp/info/ (history page)
- 123leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&division=8.&title=1.81.&part=3.&chapter=&article= (CCPA statute section)
- 124ich.unesco.org/ (listing)
- 125nta.go.jp/english/taxes/consumptiontax.htm
- 126nta.go.jp/ (tax rate page)
- 127diamondcomics.com/ (specific statement page)
- 129interpol.int/ (specific report with visits figure)