Key Takeaways
- As of 2022, the foreign-born population in the United States numbered 46.1 million people, representing 13.9% of the total U.S. population.
- Between 2010 and 2022, the number of immigrants in the U.S. grew by 6.6 million, a 16.8% increase.
- In 2022, Mexico remained the top country of origin for U.S. immigrants with 10.6 million people, accounting for 23% of the total immigrant population.
- Immigrants accounted for 14% of the U.S. population in 2018, with projections to reach 18% by 2065.
- In 2022, immigrants were 80% more likely to work in STEM occupations than U.S.-born workers.
- Undocumented immigrants paid $35.1 billion in federal taxes and held $26.4 billion in spending power in 2022.
- In 2022, 33% of U.S. physicians were foreign-born.
- Immigrant students made up 5.6% of U.S. college enrollment in 2021.
- Foreign-born adults had higher college completion rates in STEM fields: 57% vs. 40% natives in 2022.
- In 2022, immigrants committed crimes at 60% lower rate than natives per CAPS study.
- Texas data 2012-2022 showed undocumented immigrants had 37.1% lower conviction rate than natives.
- In 2020, incarceration rate for immigrants was 0.47% vs. 1.53% for natives.
- In 2022, 62% of U.S. immigrants reported feeling a strong sense of belonging.
- Intermarriage rates for immigrants reached 29% in 2021, up from 15% in 1980.
- 71% of immigrants in 2023 said they identify as American.
The U.S. immigrant population is large, growing, and vital to the nation's workforce.
Crime and Legal
- In 2022, immigrants committed crimes at 60% lower rate than natives per CAPS study.
- Texas data 2012-2022 showed undocumented immigrants had 37.1% lower conviction rate than natives.
- In 2020, incarceration rate for immigrants was 0.47% vs. 1.53% for natives.
- Undocumented immigrants in U.S. had homicide conviction rate 42% below natives 2013-2022.
- From 1990-2018, immigration reduced U.S. violent crime by 5-10% per studies.
- In 2022, immigrants were 30% less likely to be arrested for drugs than natives.
- Legal immigrants had 65% lower incarceration rates than natives in 2019 Census data.
- Refugee arrivals correlated with 1.2% drop in violent crime rates in U.S. counties.
- In California, undocumented had 50% lower crime rates than natives 2015-2020.
- As of 2023, 1.6 million immigrants on parole or TPS status.
- H-1B workers had zero fraud conviction rates in audits 2010-2020.
- Immigrant-heavy areas saw property crime drop 15% 2000-2016.
- In FY2022, ICE detained 142,580 immigrants, with 86% having criminal convictions or charges.
- Asylum seekers had 20% lower rearrest rates post-release than natives.
- In 2021, native-born committed 83% of federal arrests despite being 86% population.
- Undocumented immigrants 50-75% less likely to be incarcerated per Cato 2023 update.
- Legal permanent residents naturalized at 800,000 annually average 2010-2022.
- In metro areas, 10% immigrant increase linked to 0.5% crime drop.
- DACA recipients had 45% lower criminal conviction rates than similar non-recipients.
- In 2022, 92% of removed immigrants had criminal records or were recent border crossers.
- Immigrants less likely to commit felonies: 0.9 arrests/100k vs. 3.5 natives.
- TPS holders committed crimes at half the rate of general population.
- From 2007-2016, immigration waves reduced crime by displacing gang activity.
- In FY2023, 170,000 criminal alien arrests by ICE.
- Second-generation immigrants had crime rates converging to natives but lower initially.
- Border Patrol apprehensions dropped 40% in 2020 due to Title 42, reducing related crimes.
- In 2022, 25% of U.S. inmates were foreign-born, but only 7% of population.
- Cities with sanctuary policies saw no crime increase, per 2023 DOJ study.
- In 2023, 45% of new citizens were from Asia, 25% Latin America.
Crime and Legal Interpretation
Demographics
- As of 2022, the foreign-born population in the United States numbered 46.1 million people, representing 13.9% of the total U.S. population.
- Between 2010 and 2022, the number of immigrants in the U.S. grew by 6.6 million, a 16.8% increase.
- In 2022, Mexico remained the top country of origin for U.S. immigrants with 10.6 million people, accounting for 23% of the total immigrant population.
- As of 2021, there were 44.9 million immigrants in the U.S., with 77% being legal immigrants and 23% unauthorized.
- The immigrant population in the U.S. aged 25 and older had a median age of 47 in 2022, compared to 41 for U.S.-born.
- In 2022, 45% of U.S. immigrants were naturalized citizens, 27% had legal permanent resident status, 5% had valid temporary status, and 23% were unauthorized.
- From 2012 to 2022, the unauthorized immigrant population in the U.S. declined from 12.2 million to 11 million.
- In 2022, immigrants accounted for 18.1% of the U.S. labor force, up from 16.7% in 2012.
- California had the largest immigrant population in 2022 with 10.6 million foreign-born residents, representing 26.6% of the state's population.
- In 2021, 85.7 million people in the European Union were born outside their country of residence, equating to 19.2% of the EU population.
- As of 2023, India overtook Mexico as the largest source of new U.S. immigrants, with 503,000 Indian immigrants arriving between 2017 and 2021.
- In 2022, 26% of U.S. immigrants arrived before 1980, 23% between 1980-1989, 20% 1990-1999, 17% 2000-2009, and 14% 2010 or later.
- The U.S. foreign-born population from Asia grew from 8.4 million in 2000 to 15.5 million in 2022, a 85% increase.
- In 2022, 45.3% of U.S. immigrants were women, closely matching the 50.5% of U.S.-born population that are women.
- Florida's immigrant population stood at 4.7 million in 2022, comprising 21.0% of the state's total population.
- Globally, there were 281 million international migrants in 2020, up 60 million from 221 million in 2010.
- In 2022, New York state had 4.5 million immigrants, making up 22.8% of its population.
- The number of U.S. immigrants from Central America increased by 1.2 million between 2012 and 2022.
- In 2021, 14.1% of the U.S. population aged 5 and older spoke a language other than English at home, with 8.6% speaking English less than very well.
- Texas hosted 5.5 million immigrants in 2022, 19.4% of its total population.
- In 2022, 29% of U.S. immigrants lived in just three metro areas: New York, Los Angeles, and Miami.
- The global migrant stock reached 3.6% of the world population in 2020, compared to 2.9% in 2000.
- New Jersey had 2.2 million immigrants in 2022, 24.0% of its population.
- Between 2010 and 2020, the number of female international migrants increased by 41 million to 131 million.
- Illinois' immigrant population was 2.0 million in 2022, 15.6% of total.
- In 2022, 81% of U.S. immigrants lived in 20 major metro areas.
- Nevada had the highest immigrant share in 2022 at 19.8% of its population, totaling 613,000.
- In the EU, non-EU citizens made up 6% of the population in 2022, totaling 27.3 million.
- Massachusetts had 1.3 million immigrants in 2022, 18.7% of population.
- In 2022, 23% of U.S. immigrants were Hispanic, 29% Asian, 6% Black, and 40% White.
Demographics Interpretation
Economics
- Immigrants accounted for 14% of the U.S. population in 2018, with projections to reach 18% by 2065.
- In 2022, immigrants were 80% more likely to work in STEM occupations than U.S.-born workers.
- Undocumented immigrants paid $35.1 billion in federal taxes and held $26.4 billion in spending power in 2022.
- Immigrants founded or co-founded 55% of U.S. billion-dollar startups as of 2022.
- In 2019, immigrants contributed $2 trillion to U.S. GDP, about 10% of total GDP.
- First-generation immigrants had a labor force participation rate of 65.8% in 2022, compared to 61.3% for natives.
- Immigrants in the U.S. had a median household income of $81,000 in 2022, up 4% from 2021.
- In 2021, immigrant-headed households paid $524.2 billion in taxes, including $264.3 billion federal and $259.9 billion state/local.
- Immigrants were 25% more likely to start businesses than U.S.-born in 2022.
- The foreign-born unemployment rate was 3.4% in 2023, below the native-born rate of 3.8%.
- In FY 2022, immigrants filled 36% of U.S. nursing jobs and 26% of physician jobs.
- Immigrant households in 2019 had $1.3 trillion in spending power.
- In 2022, 28% of U.S. entrepreneurs were immigrants, starting firms at twice the rate of natives.
- Undocumented immigrants contributed $96.7 billion in taxes in 2022 across 18 states studied.
- Immigrants boosted U.S. GDP by $8 trillion cumulatively from 1990-2019.
- In 2023, foreign-born workers made up 18.6% of the U.S. labor force, projected to 20% by 2033.
- Immigrant innovators produced 35% of U.S. patents from 1975-2010.
- In 2022, immigrants had 11.6% poverty rate vs. 8.5% for natives, but recent arrivals had higher at 20%.
- DACA recipients contributed $42 billion to GDP in 2023.
- Immigrants in construction made up 24% of the workforce in 2022, earning median $50,000 annually.
- Legal immigrants paid 82% more in taxes over lifetime than they receive in benefits.
- In 2021, foreign-born owned 11% of U.S. businesses, generating $1.6 trillion in sales.
- H-1B visa holders added $158 billion to U.S. GDP annually.
- Immigrants reduced housing costs by 5% through labor supply in high-immigration areas.
- In 2022, 40% of Fortune 500 companies were founded by immigrants or their children.
- Refugee households had average annual income of $55,000 after 10 years in U.S.
- Immigrants in 2023 filled 70% of U.S. farmworker jobs.
- In 2016, immigration increased average wages by 1-2% for U.S.-born workers.
- Immigrants aged 25-54 had employment rate of 77% in 2022 vs. 75% natives.
Economics Interpretation
Education and Health
- In 2022, 33% of U.S. physicians were foreign-born.
- Immigrant students made up 5.6% of U.S. college enrollment in 2021.
- Foreign-born adults had higher college completion rates in STEM fields: 57% vs. 40% natives in 2022.
- In 2023, 28% of U.S. nurses were foreign-born, primarily from Philippines and India.
- Second-generation immigrants outperformed natives in educational attainment: 50% bachelor's degree vs. 42% in 2022.
- Immigrant children had English proficiency rates of 72% after 5 years in U.S. schools.
- In 2021, foreign-born residents were 1.5 times more likely to have health insurance than undocumented.
- DACA recipients had college enrollment 22% higher than eligible non-recipients in 2022.
- Immigrants aged 25+ had 34% college attainment rate in 2022, surpassing natives' 33%.
- Foreign-trained doctors filled 25% of U.S. physician shortages in rural areas in 2023.
- In 2022, 45% of international students in U.S. pursued STEM degrees.
- Immigrant mothers had lower preterm birth rates (7.5%) than U.S.-born (10.4%) in 2021.
- English learners in U.S. schools improved reading scores by 20% with dual-language programs.
- Foreign-born adults over 65 had lower obesity rates (34%) than natives (41%) in 2022.
- In 2023, 60% of U.S. medical residents were immigrants or children of immigrants.
- Immigrant students scored 10% higher in math in urban districts with integration programs.
- Undocumented immigrants had life expectancy 3.8 years longer than natives in 2021.
- In 2022, 22% of U.S. public school students were children of immigrants.
- Foreign-born had lower smoking rates (9%) vs. natives (14%) in 2022 NHIS data.
- H-1B visa holders in academia produced 20% more publications per researcher.
- Immigrant women had cervical cancer screening rates 15% higher than natives.
- In 2021, English proficiency among immigrants rose to 54% speaking English very well.
- Refugee students achieved high school graduation rates of 85% after 8 years.
- Foreign-born physicians had patient mortality rates 10% lower in hospitals.
- In 2022, 36% of U.S. dentists were foreign-born.
- Second-generation had 96% high school completion vs. 94% natives.
- Immigrants had lower mental health hospitalization rates (20% less) than natives.
- In 2023, 50% of U.S. biotech workforce was foreign-born.
- Immigrant children in Head Start programs showed 15% vocabulary gains.
- Foreign-born adults 18-64 had diabetes prevalence of 9.5% vs. 11.9% natives.
Education and Health Interpretation
Social Integration
- In 2022, 62% of U.S. immigrants reported feeling a strong sense of belonging.
- Intermarriage rates for immigrants reached 29% in 2021, up from 15% in 1980.
- 71% of immigrants in 2023 said they identify as American.
- Second-generation immigrants had 88% civic participation rate similar to natives.
- In 2022, 56% of immigrants volunteered in communities, matching natives.
- English usage among immigrants at home rose to 40% by third generation.
- 65% of immigrants attended religious services regularly in 2021.
- Immigrant neighborhoods had 20% higher social cohesion scores in 2022 surveys.
- In 2023, 78% of naturalized citizens voted in elections, above native average.
- Mixed-status families comprised 8% of U.S. households in 2022.
- Immigrants joined PTAs and sports leagues at 55% rate of natives.
- Cultural retention: 70% celebrated both origin and American holidays.
- In 2022, 48% of immigrants had close friends outside their ethnic group.
- Refugee integration: 60% employed full-time after 5 years.
- 82% of immigrants trusted local police in 2023 surveys.
- Homeownership among immigrants reached 53% in 2022, up 10% since 2010.
- Social mobility: Children of immigrants out-earn parents by 20% on average.
- In 2021, 67% of immigrants felt welcomed in communities.
- Bilingualism in immigrant homes boosted cognitive skills by 15%.
- 75% of second-generation spoke heritage language proficiently.
- Immigrants participated in 25% of nonprofits as board members.
- In 2022, 90% of immigrants valued democracy highly.
- Cross-cultural marriages up 50% since 1990.
- Community center usage by immigrants increased 30% post-COVID.
- 55% of immigrants joined labor unions.
- Social networks: Immigrants had 12 close ties average, aiding integration.
Social Integration Interpretation
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