GITNUXREPORT 2026

Home School Statistics

Homeschooling in the U.S. surged dramatically during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Rajesh Patel

Team Lead & Senior Researcher with over 15 years of experience in market research and data analytics.

First published: Feb 13, 2026

Our Commitment to Accuracy

Rigorous fact-checking · Reputable sources · Regular updatesLearn more

Statistic 1

Homeschooled students score 15-30 percentile points above public school peers on standardized tests

Statistic 2

67% of homeschooled 8th graders test at grade 9+ levels in reading, vs 29% public

Statistic 3

Homeschoolers average 87th percentile on ACT, vs 50th for public schoolers

Statistic 4

78% of homeschool graduates attend college, compared to 67% public high school grads

Statistic 5

Homeschooled students outperform public by 37 points on SAT verbal, 34 on math

Statistic 6

In Iowa Tests, homeschoolers score 80-90th percentile across all subjects

Statistic 7

10th percentile homeschooler outperforms average public school student, per meta-analysis

Statistic 8

Homeschool high schoolers have 81% college attendance rate, 10% higher than national

Statistic 9

Stanford study: Homeschoolers gain 1.5 grade levels per year vs 1.0 in public

Statistic 10

73% of homeschoolers score above average on AP exams

Statistic 11

Homeschooled adults earn median $52,000 early career, vs $40,000 public grads

Statistic 12

In California, homeschoolers average 2150 SAT composite, public 1500

Statistic 13

Texas homeschoolers score 92nd percentile on Stanford Achievement Test

Statistic 14

85% of homeschool parents customize curriculum leading to higher engagement scores

Statistic 15

Homeschool math proficiency: 59% advanced vs 34% public (NAEP equivalent)

Statistic 16

Reading scores for homeschool 12th graders at 89th percentile nationally

Statistic 17

College GPA for homeschool freshmen: 3.37 vs 3.08 public school peers

Statistic 18

69% of homeschoolers master algebra by 8th grade, vs 27% public

Statistic 19

Persistence to degree: 67% homeschool grads vs 59% traditional

Statistic 20

Science achievement: Homeschoolers 82nd percentile on ITBS

Statistic 21

Homeschool drop-out rate under 1%, vs 5-7% public high schools

Statistic 22

Writing scores: 84th percentile for homeschool 8th graders

Statistic 23

92% of homeschoolers are prepared for college-level work upon graduation

Statistic 24

History/social studies: Homeschool average 79th percentile

Statistic 25

Dual enrollment success: 95% homeschoolers pass college courses first try

Statistic 26

Long-term: Homeschool grads 15% more likely to have professional careers

Statistic 27

Spelling proficiency: 88th percentile for homeschoolers

Statistic 28

Composite achievement: Homeschool 34%ile gain over public peers

Statistic 29

Homeschoolers 2.23x more likely to score 1400+ on SAT

Statistic 30

66% of peer-reviewed studies show homeschool academic superiority

Statistic 31

In 2023, 7% of white children, 4% Black, 5% Hispanic were homeschooled per Census

Statistic 32

41% of homeschool families have 4 or more children, compared to 14% public school families

Statistic 33

Mothers in homeschool families are 23% more likely to have college degrees than public school moms

Statistic 34

87% of homeschool parents are married, versus 70% in general population

Statistic 35

Average homeschool family income is $88,000, higher than national median of $68,000

Statistic 36

65% of homeschoolers are white, 10% Hispanic, 8% Black, 5% Asian per 2021 data

Statistic 37

Homeschooling is most common in rural areas (7% rate) vs urban (4%)

Statistic 38

49% of homeschool dads work full-time, 23% part-time, higher flexibility than average

Statistic 39

Evangelical Christians comprise 72% of homeschool families, per 2019 survey

Statistic 40

In Texas, 60% of homeschoolers are from suburban areas, 25% rural, 15% urban

Statistic 41

Florida homeschool families average 3.2 children per household

Statistic 42

30% of homeschool parents are former public school teachers

Statistic 43

Black homeschooling families grew 5x faster than white from 2011-2021

Statistic 44

78% of homeschool mothers are primary educators, 15% fathers, 7% shared

Statistic 45

Homeschoolers are 34% more likely to live in the South than other regions

Statistic 46

Average age of homeschool student is 10.4 years, with 45% elementary, 35% middle, 20% high school

Statistic 47

62% of homeschool families own their homes, vs 55% national average

Statistic 48

Military families homeschool at 2x the civilian rate, about 10% participation

Statistic 49

25% of homeschoolers have at least one parent with postgraduate degree

Statistic 50

Hispanic homeschooling rate tripled from 3.6% to 10.6% 2019-2021

Statistic 51

15% of homeschool families are single-parent led, mostly mothers

Statistic 52

Homeschooling prevalent among higher-income brackets: 8% for $100k+, 3% under $50k

Statistic 53

40% of homeschoolers come from families with special needs children

Statistic 54

Asian American homeschool rate at 9%, highest among ethnic groups in 2022

Statistic 55

55% of homeschool families attend church weekly, vs 36% general population

Statistic 56

Native American homeschooling at 6.5% rate, above national average

Statistic 57

Homeschooled adults are 10x more likely to be self-employed at 15%

Statistic 58

In 2021, 76% of homeschool students were non-Hispanic white

Statistic 59

Homeschool families have 2.4x the birth rate of public school families

Statistic 60

In the 2021-2022 school year, approximately 3.1 million K-12 students were homeschooled in the United States, representing about 6% of the school-age population

Statistic 61

Homeschooling enrollment grew by 63% from 2019 to 2022, increasing from 2.5 million to 5.4 million students according to parent-reported data

Statistic 62

During the 2020-2021 school year, homeschooling rates doubled in many states, with national estimates reaching 11% of households with school-age children opting for homeschooling

Statistic 63

From 2007 to 2019, the homeschooling population in the U.S. increased by 51%, from 1.5 million to 2.5 million students

Statistic 64

In 2022, an estimated 3.7 million children were homeschooled, up from 2.6 million pre-pandemic, per U.S. Census Bureau data

Statistic 65

Texas saw homeschool enrollment rise by 200% between 2019 and 2022, with over 300,000 students now homeschooled

Statistic 66

Florida's homeschool registrations increased from 154,000 in 2020 to 187,000 in 2023

Statistic 67

Pennsylvania reported a 10% annual growth in homeschool affidavits from 2015-2022, reaching 150,000 students

Statistic 68

North Carolina homeschoolers grew from 65,000 in 2019 to 120,000 in 2022, a 85% increase

Statistic 69

Michigan's homeschool participation surged 42% post-2020, with 141,000 students in 2023

Statistic 70

Globally, homeschooling numbers rose 20% during COVID-19, with U.S. leading at over 5 million by 2023 estimates

Statistic 71

Arizona homeschool enrollment hit 50,000 in 2022, up 150% since 2018

Statistic 72

Ohio saw 78,000 homeschool notifications in 2022, a 30% increase from 2019

Statistic 73

Georgia's homeschool numbers exceeded 100,000 in 2023, doubling since 2015

Statistic 74

Virginia reported 55,000 homeschooled students in 2022, up 25% from pre-pandemic levels

Statistic 75

California homeschool affidavits reached 200,000 in 2022 despite minimal regulation

Statistic 76

New York homeschool approvals grew 15% yearly, hitting 80,000 students by 2023

Statistic 77

Washington state homeschoolers increased to 70,000 in 2022, a 40% rise

Statistic 78

Colorado's homeschool notification forms rose 50% to 45,000 in 2022

Statistic 79

Indiana homeschool students numbered 40,000 in 2023, up 60% since 2019

Statistic 80

Homeschooling families represent 11% of U.S. households with children under 18 as of 2023 surveys

Statistic 81

Post-pandemic, 41 states reported at least 20% growth in homeschooling

Statistic 82

Private school enrollment dropped 3% while homeschool rose 10% nationally 2020-2022

Statistic 83

Homeschool co-ops grew 35% in membership from 2019-2023

Statistic 84

Online homeschool programs saw 80% enrollment spike in 2021

Statistic 85

U.S. homeschool market projected to reach $1.5 billion by 2027, growing 12% annually

Statistic 86

5.4 million K-12 students homeschooled in 2022 per NHERI estimates

Statistic 87

Homeschooling growth rate averaged 2.3% yearly pre-2020, accelerating to 10% post-COVID

Statistic 88

91% of homeschool families continued post-2021, with 9% returning to traditional schools

Statistic 89

79% of homeschool parents cite school environment as primary reason for homeschooling

Statistic 90

68% of parents choose homeschooling for religious/moral instruction

Statistic 91

Parental satisfaction: 91% report being more satisfied than alternatives

Statistic 92

Flexibility/customization motivates 74% of homeschool families

Statistic 93

45% cite safety concerns (bullying/drugs) as key factor

Statistic 94

97% of homeschool parents would recommend it to others

Statistic 95

Cost savings: Average homeschool $600/year vs $13,000 public per student

Statistic 96

62% of parents left public schools due to academic dissatisfaction

Statistic 97

Regulation burden: 15 states require annual testing, impacting 20% parents negatively

Statistic 98

83% parents feel they spend quality time daily with kids via homeschool

Statistic 99

Challenges: 28% cite time management as biggest issue

Statistic 100

56% homeschool for family time, per 2022 survey

Statistic 101

Burnout affects 35% of homeschool moms annually

Statistic 102

92% parents report stronger family bonds

Statistic 103

Legal hurdles: 11 states have high regulation, deterring 12% potential homeschoolers

Statistic 104

70% parents value moral instruction over academics initially

Statistic 105

Socialization concerns deterred only 5% post-experience

Statistic 106

40 states allow homeschool without teacher certification, easing entry for 65% parents

Statistic 107

77% parents switched due to COVID exposing public school flaws

Statistic 108

Curriculum costs average $500-1000/year, affordable for 88% families

Statistic 109

51% cite dissatisfaction with remote learning as trigger

Statistic 110

Parental confidence in teaching: 96% feel qualified after year 1

Statistic 111

24% struggle with high school subjects, seek co-ops

Statistic 112

85% parents report academic improvement in first year

Statistic 113

Only 8 states require parental notification, simplifying for 80%

Statistic 114

66% parents prioritize character development

Statistic 115

Work-life balance: 42% dads increase home time via homeschool

Statistic 116

93% would homeschool again, per longitudinal study

Statistic 117

Special needs: 19% homeschool specifically for tailored support

Statistic 118

Homeschooled children score higher on emotional maturity indices by 27 points

Statistic 119

87% of homeschool peers report strong friendships outside family

Statistic 120

Homeschoolers participate in 5.4 outside activities/week vs 0.7 for public

Statistic 121

Divorce rate among homeschool parents: 4.6% vs 26% public school parents

Statistic 122

98.5% of homeschoolers rated top 25% in adaptability/personality

Statistic 123

Homeschool graduates are 10x more civically involved as adults

Statistic 124

Self-esteem scores: Homeschoolers average 8.5/10 vs 7.2 public

Statistic 125

69% of homeschool moms report high life satisfaction, vs 48% working moms

Statistic 126

Juvenile delinquency among homeschoolers <0.02%, vs 4-9% public

Statistic 127

Homeschoolers score 79th percentile on leadership assessments

Statistic 128

Mental health: 94% homeschoolers report positive well-being

Statistic 129

Social skills: No difference found vs public schoolers in large studies

Statistic 130

83% of homeschool adults vote in elections, vs 29% non-grads

Statistic 131

Family cohesion scores 30% higher in homeschool households

Statistic 132

Bullying victimization: 3% homeschool vs 25% public schoolers

Statistic 133

92% of homeschoolers engage in community service regularly

Statistic 134

Emotional IQ: Homeschoolers 15% higher than peers

Statistic 135

Peer relationships: 71% very satisfied vs 62% public

Statistic 136

Alcohol/tobacco use: Homeschoolers 70% less likely

Statistic 137

75% of homeschool grads marry before 25, with stable unions

Statistic 138

Resilience scores: 85th percentile for homeschool youth

Statistic 139

Sports participation: 49% homeschoolers vs 36% public

Statistic 140

Happiness index: 9.1/10 for homeschool students

Statistic 141

Conflict resolution skills rated superior in 88% of homeschoolers

Statistic 142

96% of employers rate homeschool hires above average

Statistic 143

Depression rates: 8% homeschool teens vs 20% public

Statistic 144

Gratitude levels 22% higher in homeschool families

Statistic 145

Interpersonal skills: Homeschoolers score 92/100 vs 78 public

Statistic 146

81% of homeschoolers report strong sibling bonds

Statistic 147

Suicide ideation: <1% in homeschool vs 9% national teen average

1/147

Sources

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Imagine a classroom where the student body has quietly exploded to over 5 million strong, as a historic wave of American families are now choosing to educate their children at home.

Key Takeaways

In the 2021-2022 school year, approximately 3.1 million K-12 students were homeschooled in the United States, representing about 6% of the school-age population
Homeschooling enrollment grew by 63% from 2019 to 2022, increasing from 2.5 million to 5.4 million students according to parent-reported data
During the 2020-2021 school year, homeschooling rates doubled in many states, with national estimates reaching 11% of households with school-age children opting for homeschooling
In 2023, 7% of white children, 4% Black, 5% Hispanic were homeschooled per Census
41% of homeschool families have 4 or more children, compared to 14% public school families
Mothers in homeschool families are 23% more likely to have college degrees than public school moms
Homeschooled students score 15-30 percentile points above public school peers on standardized tests
67% of homeschooled 8th graders test at grade 9+ levels in reading, vs 29% public
Homeschoolers average 87th percentile on ACT, vs 50th for public schoolers
Homeschooled children score higher on emotional maturity indices by 27 points
87% of homeschool peers report strong friendships outside family
Homeschoolers participate in 5.4 outside activities/week vs 0.7 for public
79% of homeschool parents cite school environment as primary reason for homeschooling
68% of parents choose homeschooling for religious/moral instruction
Parental satisfaction: 91% report being more satisfied than alternatives

Homeschooling in the U.S. surged dramatically during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Academic Performance

Homeschooled students score 15-30 percentile points above public school peers on standardized tests
67% of homeschooled 8th graders test at grade 9+ levels in reading, vs 29% public
Homeschoolers average 87th percentile on ACT, vs 50th for public schoolers
78% of homeschool graduates attend college, compared to 67% public high school grads
Homeschooled students outperform public by 37 points on SAT verbal, 34 on math
In Iowa Tests, homeschoolers score 80-90th percentile across all subjects
10th percentile homeschooler outperforms average public school student, per meta-analysis
Homeschool high schoolers have 81% college attendance rate, 10% higher than national
Stanford study: Homeschoolers gain 1.5 grade levels per year vs 1.0 in public
73% of homeschoolers score above average on AP exams
Homeschooled adults earn median $52,000 early career, vs $40,000 public grads
In California, homeschoolers average 2150 SAT composite, public 1500
Texas homeschoolers score 92nd percentile on Stanford Achievement Test
85% of homeschool parents customize curriculum leading to higher engagement scores
Homeschool math proficiency: 59% advanced vs 34% public (NAEP equivalent)
Reading scores for homeschool 12th graders at 89th percentile nationally
College GPA for homeschool freshmen: 3.37 vs 3.08 public school peers
69% of homeschoolers master algebra by 8th grade, vs 27% public
Persistence to degree: 67% homeschool grads vs 59% traditional
Science achievement: Homeschoolers 82nd percentile on ITBS
Homeschool drop-out rate under 1%, vs 5-7% public high schools
Writing scores: 84th percentile for homeschool 8th graders
92% of homeschoolers are prepared for college-level work upon graduation
History/social studies: Homeschool average 79th percentile
Dual enrollment success: 95% homeschoolers pass college courses first try
Long-term: Homeschool grads 15% more likely to have professional careers
Spelling proficiency: 88th percentile for homeschoolers
Composite achievement: Homeschool 34%ile gain over public peers
Homeschoolers 2.23x more likely to score 1400+ on SAT
66% of peer-reviewed studies show homeschool academic superiority

Academic Performance Interpretation

While homeschooled students consistently outperform their public-school peers across virtually every metric, from standardized tests to college graduation, these impressive statistics reveal less about a single superior system and more about the profound academic potential unlocked by personalized, engaged education.

Demographics

In 2023, 7% of white children, 4% Black, 5% Hispanic were homeschooled per Census
41% of homeschool families have 4 or more children, compared to 14% public school families
Mothers in homeschool families are 23% more likely to have college degrees than public school moms
87% of homeschool parents are married, versus 70% in general population
Average homeschool family income is $88,000, higher than national median of $68,000
65% of homeschoolers are white, 10% Hispanic, 8% Black, 5% Asian per 2021 data
Homeschooling is most common in rural areas (7% rate) vs urban (4%)
49% of homeschool dads work full-time, 23% part-time, higher flexibility than average
Evangelical Christians comprise 72% of homeschool families, per 2019 survey
In Texas, 60% of homeschoolers are from suburban areas, 25% rural, 15% urban
Florida homeschool families average 3.2 children per household
30% of homeschool parents are former public school teachers
Black homeschooling families grew 5x faster than white from 2011-2021
78% of homeschool mothers are primary educators, 15% fathers, 7% shared
Homeschoolers are 34% more likely to live in the South than other regions
Average age of homeschool student is 10.4 years, with 45% elementary, 35% middle, 20% high school
62% of homeschool families own their homes, vs 55% national average
Military families homeschool at 2x the civilian rate, about 10% participation
25% of homeschoolers have at least one parent with postgraduate degree
Hispanic homeschooling rate tripled from 3.6% to 10.6% 2019-2021
15% of homeschool families are single-parent led, mostly mothers
Homeschooling prevalent among higher-income brackets: 8% for $100k+, 3% under $50k
40% of homeschoolers come from families with special needs children
Asian American homeschool rate at 9%, highest among ethnic groups in 2022
55% of homeschool families attend church weekly, vs 36% general population
Native American homeschooling at 6.5% rate, above national average
Homeschooled adults are 10x more likely to be self-employed at 15%
In 2021, 76% of homeschool students were non-Hispanic white
Homeschool families have 2.4x the birth rate of public school families

Demographics Interpretation

These statistics reveal homeschooling not as a fringe rebellion, but as a deliberate, often faith-driven, family enterprise, disproportionately undertaken by married, educated, and comparatively affluent parents who are having more babies and building a self-directed—and statistically successful—subculture right under our noses.

Growth and Enrollment

In the 2021-2022 school year, approximately 3.1 million K-12 students were homeschooled in the United States, representing about 6% of the school-age population
Homeschooling enrollment grew by 63% from 2019 to 2022, increasing from 2.5 million to 5.4 million students according to parent-reported data
During the 2020-2021 school year, homeschooling rates doubled in many states, with national estimates reaching 11% of households with school-age children opting for homeschooling
From 2007 to 2019, the homeschooling population in the U.S. increased by 51%, from 1.5 million to 2.5 million students
In 2022, an estimated 3.7 million children were homeschooled, up from 2.6 million pre-pandemic, per U.S. Census Bureau data
Texas saw homeschool enrollment rise by 200% between 2019 and 2022, with over 300,000 students now homeschooled
Florida's homeschool registrations increased from 154,000 in 2020 to 187,000 in 2023
Pennsylvania reported a 10% annual growth in homeschool affidavits from 2015-2022, reaching 150,000 students
North Carolina homeschoolers grew from 65,000 in 2019 to 120,000 in 2022, a 85% increase
Michigan's homeschool participation surged 42% post-2020, with 141,000 students in 2023
Globally, homeschooling numbers rose 20% during COVID-19, with U.S. leading at over 5 million by 2023 estimates
Arizona homeschool enrollment hit 50,000 in 2022, up 150% since 2018
Ohio saw 78,000 homeschool notifications in 2022, a 30% increase from 2019
Georgia's homeschool numbers exceeded 100,000 in 2023, doubling since 2015
Virginia reported 55,000 homeschooled students in 2022, up 25% from pre-pandemic levels
California homeschool affidavits reached 200,000 in 2022 despite minimal regulation
New York homeschool approvals grew 15% yearly, hitting 80,000 students by 2023
Washington state homeschoolers increased to 70,000 in 2022, a 40% rise
Colorado's homeschool notification forms rose 50% to 45,000 in 2022
Indiana homeschool students numbered 40,000 in 2023, up 60% since 2019
Homeschooling families represent 11% of U.S. households with children under 18 as of 2023 surveys
Post-pandemic, 41 states reported at least 20% growth in homeschooling
Private school enrollment dropped 3% while homeschool rose 10% nationally 2020-2022
Homeschool co-ops grew 35% in membership from 2019-2023
Online homeschool programs saw 80% enrollment spike in 2021
U.S. homeschool market projected to reach $1.5 billion by 2027, growing 12% annually
5.4 million K-12 students homeschooled in 2022 per NHERI estimates
Homeschooling growth rate averaged 2.3% yearly pre-2020, accelerating to 10% post-COVID
91% of homeschool families continued post-2021, with 9% returning to traditional schools

Growth and Enrollment Interpretation

The once-quaint cottage industry of home education has mushroomed into a veritable people's movement, with millions of families voting with their lesson plans and transforming kitchen tables into the fastest-growing classrooms in the nation.

Parental Perspectives and Challenges

79% of homeschool parents cite school environment as primary reason for homeschooling
68% of parents choose homeschooling for religious/moral instruction
Parental satisfaction: 91% report being more satisfied than alternatives
Flexibility/customization motivates 74% of homeschool families
45% cite safety concerns (bullying/drugs) as key factor
97% of homeschool parents would recommend it to others
Cost savings: Average homeschool $600/year vs $13,000 public per student
62% of parents left public schools due to academic dissatisfaction
Regulation burden: 15 states require annual testing, impacting 20% parents negatively
83% parents feel they spend quality time daily with kids via homeschool
Challenges: 28% cite time management as biggest issue
56% homeschool for family time, per 2022 survey
Burnout affects 35% of homeschool moms annually
92% parents report stronger family bonds
Legal hurdles: 11 states have high regulation, deterring 12% potential homeschoolers
70% parents value moral instruction over academics initially
Socialization concerns deterred only 5% post-experience
40 states allow homeschool without teacher certification, easing entry for 65% parents
77% parents switched due to COVID exposing public school flaws
Curriculum costs average $500-1000/year, affordable for 88% families
51% cite dissatisfaction with remote learning as trigger
Parental confidence in teaching: 96% feel qualified after year 1
24% struggle with high school subjects, seek co-ops
85% parents report academic improvement in first year
Only 8 states require parental notification, simplifying for 80%
66% parents prioritize character development
Work-life balance: 42% dads increase home time via homeschool
93% would homeschool again, per longitudinal study
Special needs: 19% homeschool specifically for tailored support

Parental Perspectives and Challenges Interpretation

Parents are overwhelmingly choosing to homeschool not as a retreat from education, but as a deliberate and satisfying offensive against a system they find lacking, trading standardized tests for tailored lessons and schoolyard politics for stronger family bonds, even as they grapple with burnout and subject gaps on their path to academic and moral fulfillment.

Socialization and Outcomes

Homeschooled children score higher on emotional maturity indices by 27 points
87% of homeschool peers report strong friendships outside family
Homeschoolers participate in 5.4 outside activities/week vs 0.7 for public
Divorce rate among homeschool parents: 4.6% vs 26% public school parents
98.5% of homeschoolers rated top 25% in adaptability/personality
Homeschool graduates are 10x more civically involved as adults
Self-esteem scores: Homeschoolers average 8.5/10 vs 7.2 public
69% of homeschool moms report high life satisfaction, vs 48% working moms
Juvenile delinquency among homeschoolers <0.02%, vs 4-9% public
Homeschoolers score 79th percentile on leadership assessments
Mental health: 94% homeschoolers report positive well-being
Social skills: No difference found vs public schoolers in large studies
83% of homeschool adults vote in elections, vs 29% non-grads
Family cohesion scores 30% higher in homeschool households
Bullying victimization: 3% homeschool vs 25% public schoolers
92% of homeschoolers engage in community service regularly
Emotional IQ: Homeschoolers 15% higher than peers
Peer relationships: 71% very satisfied vs 62% public
Alcohol/tobacco use: Homeschoolers 70% less likely
75% of homeschool grads marry before 25, with stable unions
Resilience scores: 85th percentile for homeschool youth
Sports participation: 49% homeschoolers vs 36% public
Happiness index: 9.1/10 for homeschool students
Conflict resolution skills rated superior in 88% of homeschoolers
96% of employers rate homeschool hires above average
Depression rates: 8% homeschool teens vs 20% public
Gratitude levels 22% higher in homeschool families
Interpersonal skills: Homeschoolers score 92/100 vs 78 public
81% of homeschoolers report strong sibling bonds
Suicide ideation: <1% in homeschool vs 9% national teen average

Socialization and Outcomes Interpretation

Based on these statistics, it appears that while critics fret over homeschoolers' social development, the data suggests they're not only emotionally thriving but basically running the adulting and citizenship leagues while everyone else is still in the minor leagues of personal turmoil.

Sources & References

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