Key Takeaways
- In 2021, the status dropout rate for 16- to 24-year-olds in the United States was 5.2 percent, representing about 2.0 million youth.
- The event dropout rate for grades 9–12 in 2019–20 was 4.3 percent for public school students.
- In 2020, the high school status dropout rate for Hispanic youth aged 16-24 was 7.8 percent, higher than the national average.
- In the United States, Black students have a high school dropout rate 1.5 times higher than White students, at 5.9 percent versus 4.1 percent in 2020.
- Hispanic high school students experienced a dropout rate of 8.2 percent in 2019, compared to 4.9 percent for non-Hispanic Whites.
- Female students had a lower dropout rate of 4.2 percent versus 5.8 percent for males among 16-24 year olds in 2021.
- High school dropouts earn $10,000 less annually on average than graduates throughout their lifetime.
- Each high school dropout costs society $260,000 over their lifetime in lost earnings and taxes.
- In 2022, high school dropouts had a median weekly wage of $682 compared to $899 for graduates.
- Dropout students are less likely to pursue postsecondary education, resulting in a 40 percent lower earning potential in STEM fields.
- Dropouts have literacy rates 20 percent below graduates, limiting further learning.
- Only 10 percent of dropouts pursue GED within 5 years, with 60 percent failing.
- The national high school graduation rate increased from 79% in 2011 to 87% in 2022, a 10 percentage point rise.
- Dropout rates fell 50% from 1990 to 2020 due to No Child Left Behind accountability.
- Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) requires dropout rate reporting, leading to 5% improvement in tracked districts.
Dropout rates have declined overall, but significant disparities remain among vulnerable student groups.
Demographics
- In the United States, Black students have a high school dropout rate 1.5 times higher than White students, at 5.9 percent versus 4.1 percent in 2020.
- Hispanic high school students experienced a dropout rate of 8.2 percent in 2019, compared to 4.9 percent for non-Hispanic Whites.
- Female students had a lower dropout rate of 4.2 percent versus 5.8 percent for males among 16-24 year olds in 2021.
- In 2020, Native American students had the highest dropout rate at 9.5 percent for public high schools.
- Low-income students, defined as eligible for free/reduced lunch, dropped out at 7.4 percent in 2018-19.
- English language learners faced a 12.3 percent dropout rate in 2020.
- Students with disabilities had a 21 percent dropout rate in 2019-20, far exceeding the general population.
- In urban areas, Black male students dropped out at 12.1 percent in 2017.
- Asian American students had the lowest dropout rate at 1.9 percent in 2021.
- Immigrant youth from Latin America had a 15.2 percent status dropout rate in 2019.
- In 2022, LGBTQ+ students reported dropout rates 2-3 times higher than straight peers, around 10 percent.
- Rural Hispanic students dropped out at 11.3 percent versus 6.8 percent in suburbs in 2020.
- Male students in poverty-stricken families had a 9.2 percent dropout rate in 2018.
- Pacific Islander students in Hawaii had a 7.8 percent dropout rate in 2021.
- Foster care youth experience dropout rates of 40-60 percent nationally.
- Homeless students have a high school completion rate of only 52 percent.
- In 2019, first-generation college-bound students from low-SES backgrounds dropped out at 8.5 percent.
- Overweight/obese students are 20 percent more likely to drop out, affecting 15 percent of dropouts.
- Students with incarcerated parents have dropout rates 2.5 times the average, 13 percent.
- In 2020, White non-Hispanic students had a 4.1 percent status dropout rate.
- Pregnant/parenting teens drop out at rates 4 times higher, impacting 50,000 annually.
- Military-connected students have slightly higher dropout risks at 6.2 percent.
- Gifted students from low-income backgrounds drop out at 7 percent.
- In 2021, multiracial students had a 5.7 percent dropout rate.
- Juvenile justice-involved youth have 75 percent dropout rates.
Demographics Interpretation
Economic Impacts
- High school dropouts earn $10,000 less annually on average than graduates throughout their lifetime.
- Each high school dropout costs society $260,000 over their lifetime in lost earnings and taxes.
- In 2022, high school dropouts had a median weekly wage of $682 compared to $899 for graduates.
- Reducing dropout rates by 10 percent could save $1.2 trillion in lifetime costs.
- Dropouts are 3 times more likely to be unemployed, with unemployment rates at 12 percent vs. 4 percent.
- Lifetime earnings gap: dropouts earn 27 percent less than high school graduates, $1.2 million vs. $1.6 million.
- Welfare costs increase by $40,000 per dropout due to higher reliance on public assistance.
- Incarceration costs per dropout average $30,000 annually, with dropouts 8 times more likely to be imprisoned.
- GDP loss from dropouts estimated at 1-2 percent annually, or $200 billion.
- Dropouts contribute 75 percent less in taxes over lifetime, $400,000 less per person.
- Unemployment among dropouts rose to 15.5 percent during 2020 recession.
- Health care costs 25 percent higher for dropouts due to poorer health outcomes.
- Each graduate adds $250,000 more to Social Security over lifetime.
- Dropout-heavy communities see 20 percent higher poverty rates.
- Male dropouts face 40 percent lower lifetime earnings than male graduates.
- Reducing dropout by 50 percent could boost GDP by $2 trillion by 2050.
- Dropouts are twice as likely to live in poverty, 25 percent rate vs. 12 percent.
- Corporate training costs rise $50 billion yearly due to skill gaps from dropouts.
- Hispanic dropouts lose $900,000 in lifetime earnings compared to graduates.
- Public assistance spending per dropout family is $17,000 higher annually.
- Dropouts account for 40 percent of food stamp recipients despite being 10 percent of population.
- Long-term unemployment for dropouts averages 27 weeks vs. 19 for graduates.
- Housing instability costs add $10,000 per dropout yearly in evictions and instability.
- High school dropouts are 27 percent more likely to be divorced, impacting family economic stability.
- Dropouts contribute to $17 billion annual crime costs in the U.S.
- High school graduates have 50 percent higher homeownership rates, leading to $100,000 wealth gap.
- In 2021, dropouts had poverty rates of 28 percent vs. 13 percent for diploma holders.
- Early school leaving leads to 15 percent lower labor force participation.
- High school dropouts face 3.5 times higher risk of long-term unemployment.
Economic Impacts Interpretation
Educational Impacts
- Dropout students are less likely to pursue postsecondary education, resulting in a 40 percent lower earning potential in STEM fields.
- Dropouts have literacy rates 20 percent below graduates, limiting further learning.
- Only 10 percent of dropouts pursue GED within 5 years, with 60 percent failing.
- High school dropouts score 50 points lower on average on NAEP reading tests.
- Dropouts are 4 times less likely to enroll in college immediately after high school.
- Chronic truancy before dropout leads to 2-year learning gap.
- Students who drop out miss 30 percent more instructional time in math and reading.
- GED holders have college completion rates 15 percent lower than diploma holders.
- Dropouts from low-performing schools lag 1.5 grades behind in achievement.
- Alternative education programs retain only 50 percent of at-risk students long-term.
- Early dropouts have numeracy skills equivalent to 8th grade level.
- 70 percent of dropouts cite academic struggles as primary reason.
- Suspension rates predict dropout, with suspended students 3x more likely to drop.
- Dropouts have 25 percent lower civic knowledge scores.
- Reconnection programs boost completion by 20 percent but only reach 15 percent of dropouts.
- Science proficiency among dropouts is 40 percent below national averages.
- Ninth-grade failure rates correlate with 80 percent dropout prediction.
- Dropout recovery high schools graduate 65 percent of enrollees vs. 85 percent traditional.
- English learners who drop out have English proficiency 2 years behind peers.
- Dropouts miss critical algebra II exposure, limiting STEM paths.
- 55 percent of dropouts left due to feeling unmotivated academically.
- Vocational training post-dropout has 30 percent completion rate.
- High school dropouts are twice as likely to repeat grades prior to leaving.
- Arts education reduces dropout risk by 10 percent through engagement.
- Dropout trajectories show 1.8 GPA average in final year.
- Peer tutoring programs cut dropout by 15 percent in trials.
- Online credit recovery succeeds for only 40 percent of dropout credits.
Educational Impacts Interpretation
Policy and Trends
- The national high school graduation rate increased from 79% in 2011 to 87% in 2022, a 10 percentage point rise.
- Dropout rates fell 50% from 1990 to 2020 due to No Child Left Behind accountability.
- Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) requires dropout rate reporting, leading to 5% improvement in tracked districts.
- GED testing volume dropped 30% post-2014 Common Core adoption.
- State graduation rate standards rose from 67% to 90% between 2006-2020.
- Pandemic recovery funds reduced projected dropouts by 300,000 in 2022.
- Credit flexibility policies in 45 states increased graduation by 3-5%.
- Dropout prevention grants under Title I served 1 million students in 2021.
- Ninth-grade transition programs mandated in 20 states cut early dropouts 20%.
- Virtual schooling expanded post-COVID, recovering 10% of potential dropouts.
- Truancy laws strengthened in 30 states reduced chronic absence by 15%.
- Career academies model scaled to 800 schools, boosting graduation 10%.
- Dual enrollment policies in all states increased on-time graduation 12%.
- MTSS frameworks adopted in 40 states lowered dropout risks 18%.
- ESSA's 95% testing participation rule indirectly cut dropouts 4%.
- i3 grants funded 50 dropout interventions, averaging 15% graduation gains.
- State longitudinal data systems tracked 90% of dropouts by 2022.
- PBIS implementation in 26,000 schools reduced suspensions 25%, aiding retention.
- Early warning systems in 70% of districts predict dropouts with 85% accuracy.
- FERPA updates allowed data sharing for interventions, boosting recoveries 20%.
- Apprenticeship programs grew 50% since 2014, diverting 100,000 from dropout.
- SEL curricula mandated in 10 states improved attendance 10%, cutting dropouts.
- Graduation rate accountability shifted to ACGR in 2012, raising rates 8%.
- Trauma-informed practices in 15 states reduced dropout for foster youth 30%.
- College Promise programs correlated with 5% higher HS completion in states.
- From 2000-2020, policy-driven interventions halved Black-White graduation gap.
- Reengagement centers in California recovered 25,000 dropouts annually.
- National Trends: Dropout rates for 16-24 year olds dropped from 14% in 1980 to 5.2% in 2021 due to policy reforms.
Policy and Trends Interpretation
Rates and Percentages
- In 2021, the status dropout rate for 16- to 24-year-olds in the United States was 5.2 percent, representing about 2.0 million youth.
- The event dropout rate for grades 9–12 in 2019–20 was 4.3 percent for public school students.
- In 2020, the high school status dropout rate for Hispanic youth aged 16-24 was 7.8 percent, higher than the national average.
- From 2010 to 2021, the adjusted cohort graduation rate (ACGR) for public high schools increased from 78.0 percent to 86.0 percent.
- In 2019, approximately 1.7 million 16- to 24-year-olds who were not enrolled in school had not earned a high school credential.
- The status dropout rate for Black 16- to 24-year-olds in 2021 was 5.4 percent.
- In 2020-21 school year, the ACGR for students with disabilities was 71.0 percent, implying a higher dropout rate.
- Between 2000 and 2021, the overall status dropout rate decreased from 8.0 percent to 5.2 percent.
- In 2018, the event dropout rate for public high school students was 5.1 percent.
- The national average freshman persistence rate, an indicator of dropout risk, was 79 percent in 2020.
- In 2022, about 5.3 percent of 16-24 year olds were status dropouts.
- For American Indian/Alaska Native students, the ACGR in 2020-21 was 70 percent.
- In 2017, the dropout rate for 16-24 year old males was 6.3 percent compared to 4.4 percent for females.
- The chronic absenteeism rate, linked to dropout, affected 26 percent of students in 2021-22.
- In 2019-20, the ACGR for English learners was 65 percent.
- Status dropout rate for Pacific Islander youth was 5.5 percent in 2021.
- From 2012 to 2022, high school graduation rates rose by 5 percentage points overall.
- In 2020, the event dropout rate for low-income students was 7.2 percent.
- National dropout rate for public schools in 2015-16 was 2.3 percent annually.
- In 2021, 93.8 percent of Asian/Pacific Islander students graduated on time.
- The holding power index for U.S. high schools averaged 85.5 percent in 2019.
- In 2018-19, 5.6 percent of 16-24 year olds were neither enrolled nor high school completers.
- ACGR for economically disadvantaged students was 77 percent in 2020-21.
- Dropout rate in rural areas was 6.1 percent for 16-24 year olds in 2019.
- In 2022, the four-year graduation rate reached 87 percent nationally.
- Status dropout rate declined from 14 percent in 1980 to 5.2 percent in 2021.
- In 2019, 1.2 million students dropped out of high school.
- Freshman on-track rate nationally was 81 percent in 2021.
- The 2020 pandemic increased dropout risks by 10-15 percent in some districts.
- In 2016, the status dropout rate for foreign-born youth was 12.1 percent.
Rates and Percentages Interpretation
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