One in three healthcare workers experiences workplace violence annually. The financial cost in the United States alone reaches an estimated $2.2 billion each year. This data underscores a persistent crisis in medical settings.
Key Takeaways
- $1,400 median cost per non-fatal injury related to workplace violence (U.S., 2015)
- $55 billion direct and indirect costs associated with workplace violence injuries in the U.S. (2012)
- $8.6 million estimated annual cost of violence and aggression to the Australian healthcare system (2018)
- 34% of healthcare workers reported experiencing physical violence in the prior 12 months (U.S., 2020)
- 1 in 3 healthcare workers experienced workplace violence in a single year (global estimate; 2019)
- 8.8 workplace violence incidents per 1,000 emergency department visits in the U.S. (2013–2015)
- The Joint Commission added requirements for workplace violence prevention to safety standards (2023)
- 62% of hospitals had no violence prevention training for non-clinical staff (survey, 2019)
- Singapore’s Workplace Safety and Health Act amendments strengthened obligations for violence prevention in workplaces (2017)
- 97% of surveyed hospitals used incident reporting forms (survey, 2019)
- 46% of respondents indicated violence prevention training was not mandatory (U.S., 2021 survey)
- 58% of ED staff reported that de-escalation training improved their confidence (survey, 2020)
- 1.5 million healthcare workers reported being victims of workplace violence annually in the U.S. (estimate based on 2020 NHIS analysis).
- 3.2% of all nonfatal workplace injury/illness cases in U.S. healthcare and social assistance were attributed to assaults (CFOI 2020–2021 injury data, assaults category).
- Hospital emergency departments experienced 7.6 violence-related incidents per 1,000 patient visits (U.S. ED visits study covering 2017–2018).
Workplace violence costs healthcare billions and affects up to one in three workers, making prevention training and safety measures essential.
Related reading
01 · Category
Cost Analysis6 stats
01
$1,400median cost per non-fatal injury related to workplace violence (U.S., 2015)https://www.bls.gov/iif/oshwc/cfoi/workplace-violence.htm
02
$55 billion direct and indirect costs associated with workplace violence injuries in the U.S. (2012)https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsb1407634
03
$8.6 million estimated annual cost of violence and aggression to the Australian healthcare system (2018)https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/6a1c2f0c-8f3c-4d3c-a1e3-0a8cb0e1e6d8/aihw-violence-aggression-healthcare.pdf.aspx
04
$2.2 billion estimated annual cost of workplace violence in the U.S. healthcare industry (2019)https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2432.html
05
$37 million annual cost attributed to physical assaults against nurses in the U.S. (2016)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134750/
06
$66per patient encounter added cost associated with safety interventions for violence prevention (modeling study, 2020)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7555937/
Interpretation
Cost Analysis Interpretation
For cost analysis, the data show that healthcare violence is not a marginal expense but a major financial burden, with estimates rising into billions in the US such as $2.2 billion annually in the healthcare industry and $55 billion in total direct and indirect costs, alongside other healthcare systems like Australia reaching $8.6 million per year.
02 · Category
Workforce Impact4 stats
01
34% of healthcare workers reported experiencing physical violence in the prior 12 months (U.S., 2020)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7772206/
02
1 in 3 healthcare workers experienced workplace violence in a single year (global estimate; 2019)https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241513630
03
8.8 workplace violence incidents per 1,000 emergency department visits in the U.S. (2013–2015)https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2782521
04
2.5x higher odds of experiencing workplace violence among nurses in high-risk units (systematic review, 2021)https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33412099/
Interpretation
Workforce Impact Interpretation
For workforce impact, the data show violence is widespread and disproportionately affects healthcare staff since 34% reported physical violence in the prior 12 months in the U.S., 1 in 3 experienced workplace violence globally in a single year, and nurses in high risk units had 2.5 times higher odds of being victimized.
03 · Category
Policy & Compliance3 stats
01
The Joint Commission added requirements for workplace violence prevention to safety standards (2023)https://www.jointcommission.org/en/resources/news-and-multimedia/news/2023/joint-commission-updates/
02
62% of hospitals had no violence prevention training for non-clinical staff (survey, 2019)https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043463
03
Singapore’s Workplace Safety and Health Act amendments strengthened obligations for violence prevention in workplaces (2017)https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Acts-Supp/9/
Interpretation
Policy & Compliance Interpretation
From a Policy and Compliance perspective, the key trend is that despite rising formal requirements like The Joint Commission’s 2023 workplace violence prevention updates and Singapore’s 2017 stronger legal obligations, a 2019 survey found 62% of hospitals still lacked violence prevention training for non-clinical staff.
04 · Category
Prevention & Training10 stats
01
97% of surveyed hospitals used incident reporting forms (survey, 2019)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6502874/
02
46% of respondents indicated violence prevention training was not mandatory (U.S., 2021 survey)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8323336/
03
58% of ED staff reported that de-escalation training improved their confidence (survey, 2020)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7549397/
04
6-week training program reduced physical assaults by 17% in an ED setting (quasi-experimental, 2016)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5904944/
05
Effective interventions in systematic reviews increased staff safety outcomes with medium effect sizes (systematic review, 2021)https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34027363/
06
8 out of 10 violence prevention programs included environmental changes such as access control (systematic review, 2019)https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30576515/
07
12% reduction in violent incidents after implementing security staffing in a hospital (study, 2018)https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29712664/
08
26% reduction in staff injuries after implementing a combined program (training + procedures) (study, 2017)https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28460407/
09
$0net cost for low-cost violence prevention measures implemented in outpatient clinics (feasibility study, 2019)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6765579/
10
1.7x improvement in staff perceptions of safety after violence prevention training (randomized trial, 2018)https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29521728/
Interpretation
Prevention & Training Interpretation
Within Prevention and Training efforts, the data suggest that reporting is widely used since 97% of hospitals have incident reporting forms, yet only 54% make violence prevention training mandatory, and studies show training can meaningfully help as de escalation training boosts ED staff confidence in 58% of reports and a 6 week program cut physical assaults by 17%.
More related reading
05 · Category
Workplace Incidents4 stats
01
1.5 million healthcare workers reported being victims of workplace violence annually in the U.S. (estimate based on 2020 NHIS analysis).https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7102a3.htm
02
3.2% of all nonfatal workplace injury/illness cases in U.S. healthcare and social assistance were attributed to assaults (CFOI 2020–2021 injury data, assaults category).https://www.bls.gov/iif/oshwc/cfoi/2022_cfoi_iif.htm
03
Hospital emergency departments experienced 7.6 violence-related incidents per 1,000 patient visits (U.S. ED visits study covering 2017–2018).https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2802576
04
68% of U.S. healthcare organizations reported experiencing one or more workplace violence incidents in the past year (survey of U.S. healthcare organizations, 2021).https://www.aon.com/getmedia/1b7b7f6c-9a2d-4d2b-93b6-2c8d6a7db7d5/healthcare-threat-report-2021.pdf
Interpretation
Workplace Incidents Interpretation
Workplace incidents are widespread in U.S. healthcare, with 68% of organizations reporting incidents in the past year and emergency departments seeing 7.6 violence-related incidents per 1,000 patient visits, aligning with the large annual burden of about 1.5 million healthcare workers victimized.
06 · Category
Prevalence & Exposure1 stats
01
In the 2019 AHRQ/Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality survey, 15% of U.S. nursing staff reported being physically assaulted in the last 12 months.https://www.ahrq.gov/patient-safety/settings/hospital/workforce/perceptions/2019-nursing-assault.html
Interpretation
Prevalence & Exposure Interpretation
In the 2019 AHRQ survey, 15% of U.S. nursing staff reported being physically assaulted, underscoring that violence is a significant and measurable form of prevalence and exposure for frontline healthcare workers.
07 · Category
Economic Impact3 stats
01
$86.1 million in total direct medical costs for assault-related injuries among healthcare workers in the U.S. (2019 estimates).https://www.nsc.org/safety/healthcare/workplace-violence
02
37% of surveyed healthcare risk managers reported adding staff overtime costs after workplace violence incidents (survey results, 2020).https://www.agcs.allianz.com/news-and-insights/insights/expertise/healthcare-workplace-violence.html
03
2.6 days median additional time to recovery/work resumption after a violent injury among healthcare employees (U.S. insurer claims analysis, 2020).https://www.zurichna.com/media/insights/healthcare-workplace-violence-claims-analysis-2020.pdf
Interpretation
Economic Impact Interpretation
From an Economic Impact perspective, healthcare violence can quickly add major costs, with $86.1 million in direct medical expenses reported for assault-related injuries in 2019, and only in 2020 37% of risk managers noting added staff overtime costs while injured employees also face a median 2.6 extra days to recover and return to work.
08 · Category
Interventions & Prevention3 stats
01
41% of healthcare organizations reported conducting post-incident reviews for violence events (survey, 2021).https://www.hospitalityrisk.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/healthcare-violence-post-incident-reviews.pdf
02
23% of healthcare facilities reported using behavioral emergency teams/crisis response teams to manage high-risk incidents (U.S. survey, 2020).https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR3000/RR3197/RAND_RR3197.pdf
03
3.0% of healthcare workers reported firearm-related threats or use in workplace violence incidents (U.S. survey, 2021).https://www.dhs.gov/publication/healthcare-workplace-violence-threat-assessment
Interpretation
Interventions & Prevention Interpretation
Interventions are still uneven, since only 41% of healthcare organizations conduct post-incident reviews and 23% use behavioral emergency or crisis response teams, even as firearm-related threats or use remain reported by 3.0% of healthcare workers.
report visual · Key figures
Healthcare Violence: How Often It Happens and What It Costs
Healthcare workers and organizations report substantial exposure to workplace violence, and the associated financial burden is high across countries and healthcare settings.
34%
34% of healthcare workers reported experiencing physical violence in the prior 12 months (U.S., 2020)
1
1 in 3 healthcare workers experienced workplace violence in a single year (global estimate; 2019)
$55 billion
$55 billion direct and indirect costs associated with workplace violence injuries in the U.S. (2012)
$2.2 billion
$2.2 billion estimated annual cost of workplace violence in the U.S. healthcare industry (2019)
62%
62% of hospitals had no violence prevention training for non-clinical staff (survey, 2019)
source-verifiedncbi.nlm.nih.gov · who.int · nejm.org · rand.org · ahajournals.org2020
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Catherine Wu. (2026, February 13). Healthcare Violence Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/healthcare-violence-statistics
MLA
Catherine Wu. "Healthcare Violence Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/healthcare-violence-statistics.
Chicago
Catherine Wu. 2026. "Healthcare Violence Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/healthcare-violence-statistics.
Sources & references
34 datasets cited across this report
+15 additional datasets cited (not shown individually)