Key Takeaways
- Between 1960 and 2020, the percentage of A grades awarded at U.S. colleges increased from 15% to 45%, a 200% rise, according to analysis of transcripts from over 400 institutions.
- The average undergraduate GPA at American universities climbed from 2.52 in the 1950s to 3.15 by 2000s, marking a 25% inflation rate over five decades.
- From 1983 to 2013, the proportion of students receiving A grades in U.S. higher education surged from 28% to 46%, driven by shifts in grading norms.
- At Harvard University, the average GPA increased from 3.0 in 1980 to 3.8 in 2022, a 26.7% rise, with 79% of grades A's or A-'s in 2013.
- Stanford University's median GPA for undergraduates rose from 3.3 in 1995 to 3.7 in 2020, with 55% A grades by 2018.
- At Yale University, A grades constituted 62% of all grades in 2020, up from 41% in 2002, per registrar data.
- In humanities departments across U.S. universities, A grades averaged 50% in 2020, compared to 30% in sciences.
- At elite colleges, English majors received GPAs 0.3 points higher than math majors, 3.7 vs 3.4 in 2015 data.
- Economics courses saw grade deflation relative to sociology, with 35% A's vs 55% in 2018 surveys.
- In U.S. high schools, the average GPA rose from 2.68 in 1990 to 3.36 in 2020, a 25% increase.
- By 2022, 47% of high school graduates had A averages, up from 31% in 1998, per NAEP data.
- High school GPAs increased 0.3 points from 2009-2019 to 3.4 average nationally.
- In the UK, first-class degrees rose from 7% in 1994 to 37% in 2022 at universities.
- Australian universities saw average marks increase from 65% in 2000 to 75% in 2020.
- In Canada, 45% of undergrad grades were A-range by 2021, up from 30% in 2000.
American college grades have inflated dramatically, with A grades now triple their 1960 levels.
Disciplinary Differences
- In humanities departments across U.S. universities, A grades averaged 50% in 2020, compared to 30% in sciences.
- At elite colleges, English majors received GPAs 0.3 points higher than math majors, 3.7 vs 3.4 in 2015 data.
- Economics courses saw grade deflation relative to sociology, with 35% A's vs 55% in 2018 surveys.
- STEM fields inflated slower; physics GPAs rose 10% from 1980-2020 vs 40% in arts.
- Business schools awarded 52% A grades in 2022, highest among disciplines, per AACSB data.
- In history departments, average GPA was 3.65 in 2020, 0.25 above engineering average.
- Psychology courses had 48% A/B+ grades, compared to 32% in computer science at publics.
- Fine arts inflated most, with 65% A's by 2019, vs 25% in math at same institutions.
- Education majors received highest GPAs at 3.8 average, biology at 3.3 in 2021 national data.
- Political science saw 45% A grades, philosophy 42%, chemistry 28% in 2017 study.
- Communications departments awarded 55% A's, double that of physics in 2020 transcripts.
- In law schools transitioning to undergrad feeders, pre-law humanities GPAs averaged 3.75.
- Nursing programs inflated to 3.9 GPAs by 2022, vs 3.4 in mechanical engineering.
- Sociology GPAs rose 35% since 1990, faster than accounting's 20%.
- Anthropology courses had 52% high grades, mathematics 30%, per 500 course analysis.
- Music departments reported 70% A-range grades in 2021, sciences averaged 40%.
- Gender studies majors averaged 3.82 GPA, computer science 3.45 in 2020 data.
- Theater arts inflated 50% more than electrical engineering since 2000.
- Environmental science GPAs at 3.6, physics at 3.2 in liberal arts colleges 2022.
- Journalism schools saw 49% A's, up from 30%, vs stable 25% in stats courses.
- Kinesiology averaged 3.75 GPA, chemistry 3.25 across universities in 2019.
- Linguistics departments had 55% A grades, engineering 35% in Ivy data.
- Public health majors GPAs rose to 3.7, math stayed 3.3 in pandemic era.
Disciplinary Differences Interpretation
High School and K-12
- In U.S. high schools, the average GPA rose from 2.68 in 1990 to 3.36 in 2020, a 25% increase.
- By 2022, 47% of high school graduates had A averages, up from 31% in 1998, per NAEP data.
- High school GPAs increased 0.3 points from 2009-2019 to 3.4 average nationally.
- In 2021, 75% of high school seniors reported GPAs of B or higher, vs 60% in 2000.
- Private high schools saw GPA inflation of 20% since 2000, public 15%, averaging 3.5.
- AP course GPAs averaged 3.8 in 2022, contributing to overall high school inflation.
- From 2005-2020, valedictorian GPAs shifted from 4.0 weighted to 4.5+ with inflation.
- SAT score-GPA mismatch grew; 2020 grads averaged 3.4 GPA but SAT 1050, down relatively.
- 60% of high school grades were A's by 2019, up from 38% in 1990, per transcript studies.
- Suburban high schools inflated 22%, urban 18% since 2010, averaging 3.45 GPA.
- Honors classes saw 65% A grades in 2022, driving K-12 inflation trends.
- High school D/F rates dropped to 5% in 2021 from 12% in 1990.
- Weighted GPAs averaged 3.9 for college-bound students in 2023.
- 80% of high schoolers had 3.0+ GPA by 2020, masking skill gaps.
- Middle school GPAs rose 15% since 2000 to 3.2 average.
- STEM high school courses inflated less, 40% A's vs 55% humanities.
- Pandemic led to 10% high school grade spike in 2020-2021.
- 50 states saw average HS GPA over 3.0 by 2022, led by Texas at 3.5.
- IB programs GPAs averaged 3.85, fueling applicant inflation.
- Low-income high schools inflated 25% more than affluent ones since 2010.
High School and K-12 Interpretation
International and Comparative
- In the UK, first-class degrees rose from 7% in 1994 to 37% in 2022 at universities.
- Australian universities saw average marks increase from 65% in 2000 to 75% in 2020.
- In Canada, 45% of undergrad grades were A-range by 2021, up from 30% in 2000.
- France's university grade inflation led to 25% mentions très bien in 2022 vs 10% pre-2000.
- Germany's Abitur scores rose 12% from 2000-2020, average 2.2 to 1.9 scale.
- In Netherlands, cum laude degrees tripled to 20% by 2021 from 7%.
- Japan's university GPAs averaged 3.0 on 4.0 by 2020, up 0.5 since 1990.
- South Korea's college A grades hit 40% in 2022, policy-capped at 30% previously.
- India's IITs saw CGPA rise from 7.5 to 8.5 average 2010-2022.
- Brazil's universities awarded 50% high grades by 2021, up 20% decade prior.
- Sweden's higher ed pass rates with honors rose to 35% from 15% since 2000.
- In China, 55% of gaokao admits had inflated high school scores by 2022.
- Italy's laurea magna cum laude degrees increased to 28% in 2021 from 12%.
- Spain's universidad notas medias rose 1.2 points to 7.5/10 by 2020.
- New Zealand unis saw A grades at 42% in 2022, up from 25% 1990s.
- In Ireland, first-class honors rose from 10% to 30% 2000-2020.
- Belgium's universities inflated grades 15%, average 14/20 to 15/20.
- Denmark's 12-scale top grades (10-12) doubled to 25% by 2021.
- Finland saw bachelor's thesis averages rise to 4.2/5 from 3.8.
- Norway's A-E scale, A's at 35% in 2022 vs 20% 2005.
International and Comparative Interpretation
Overall Trends in Higher Education
- Between 1960 and 2020, the percentage of A grades awarded at U.S. colleges increased from 15% to 45%, a 200% rise, according to analysis of transcripts from over 400 institutions.
- The average undergraduate GPA at American universities climbed from 2.52 in the 1950s to 3.15 by 2000s, marking a 25% inflation rate over five decades.
- From 1983 to 2013, the proportion of students receiving A grades in U.S. higher education surged from 28% to 46%, driven by shifts in grading norms.
- National data shows that by 2022, 50% of grades at four-year colleges were A's, up from 38% in 1990, per ACT and NCES reports.
- Over the past 20 years ending 2021, median GPAs at public universities rose by 0.4 points, from 3.1 to 3.5, based on 2 million transcripts.
- From 1940 to 2000, Ivy League schools saw A grades increase from 10-15% to over 40%, a consistent inflation pattern across peers.
- U.S. college grade point averages averaged 3.11 in 2020, compared to 2.90 in 2000, a 7% rise amid pandemic leniency.
- Between 1993 and 2013, the share of B or higher grades in U.S. colleges grew from 61% to 80%, per ETS data analysis.
- Average GPA across 200 U.S. institutions rose 0.5 points from 3.0 in 1980 to 3.5 in 2020, equating to 17% inflation.
- In the 21st century, A- or higher grades constituted 47% of all grades by 2018, up from 30% in 2000, from national surveys.
- From 1965 to 2015, public university GPAs increased by 0.8 points on average, from 2.7 to 3.5, per state system data.
- By 2023, over 55% of undergraduate grades were A's at private colleges, a 150% increase from 1960 levels of 22%.
- Decade-over-decade, U.S. college A's rose 3-5% per decade since 1980, reaching 48% nationally by 2022.
- Average freshman GPA upon college entry correlated with inflated high school grades, rising from 3.2 in 1990 to 3.7 in 2020.
- From 2005 to 2020, grade inflation accelerated to 0.1 GPA points per year in STEM fields at research universities.
- National transcript data from 1970-2020 shows D/F grades dropped from 20% to 8%, inverting grade distribution.
- By 2019, 80% of students at selective colleges had GPAs above 3.0, up from 50% in 1980, per College Board.
- Grade inflation peaked post-2010, with A's comprising 52% of grades by 2022 across 500 institutions.
- From 1980 to 2020, the standard deviation of GPAs decreased by 15%, indicating compressed grading scales.
- U.S. private nonprofit colleges saw 0.33 GPA increase from 2000-2015, faster than publics at 0.24.
- Between 1990 and 2020, the percentage of straight-A students tripled from 7% to 21% nationally.
- By 2021, average GPA hit 3.36 across U.S. colleges, a record high per 1.5 million grades analyzed.
- From 1960-2020, humanities grades inflated 30% more than sciences, but overall A's up 300%.
- Post-COVID, grade inflation spiked 10% in 2020-2021, with A's at 57% temporarily.
- National surveys indicate 85% of professors acknowledge grade inflation exists, with 45% A's standard.
- From 1975 to 2015, elite colleges' median GPA rose from 3.1 to 3.6, a 16% shift.
- U.S. colleges awarded 4 million A's in 2022, up from 1.5 million in 1990, proportional to enrollment growth.
- Grade compression led to 70% of grades B+ or higher by 2020, from 40% in 1985.
- Over 50 years, inflation equated to students earning 0.75 extra GPA points without ability gains.
- By 2023, 62% of community college grades were A's or B's, up 25% since 2000.
Overall Trends in Higher Education Interpretation
Trends in Specific Universities
- At Harvard University, the average GPA increased from 3.0 in 1980 to 3.8 in 2022, a 26.7% rise, with 79% of grades A's or A-'s in 2013.
- Stanford University's median GPA for undergraduates rose from 3.3 in 1995 to 3.7 in 2020, with 55% A grades by 2018.
- At Yale University, A grades constituted 62% of all grades in 2020, up from 41% in 2002, per registrar data.
- University of Michigan saw average GPA climb from 3.1 in 1990 to 3.6 in 2021, with humanities at 3.8.
- Brown University's open grading policy led to 57% A grades in 2022, from 48% in 2010.
- Princeton University combated inflation; GPA stabilized at 3.4 since 2004 policy, down from 3.45 peak.
- At University of Chicago, median GPA rose to 3.7 in 2021 from 3.4 in 2010, despite rigor reputation.
- Duke University's average GPA hit 3.85 in 2022 for seniors, up 0.3 points since 2000.
- Columbia College saw 52% A grades in 2020, rising from 38% in 2000, per Core Curriculum data.
- At Amherst College, 48% of grades were A's in 2019, up from 35% in 1995.
- Williams College reported median GPA of 3.75 in 2022, with 60% A's/A-'s since 2015.
- Dartmouth's Thayer School saw engineering GPAs rise to 3.65 in 2021 from 3.3 in 2005.
- University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School had average GPA of 3.6 in 2020, up 20% from 1990s.
- At Reed College, known for deflation, GPA still rose from 3.2 to 3.4 between 2000-2020.
- Swarthmore College's GPA averaged 3.72 in 2022, with 50% honors grades inflated.
- Wellesley College saw 65% A grades in humanities by 2021, up from 45% in 2000.
- MIT's undergraduate GPA increased from 3.2 in 1980 to 4.2 on 5.0 scale in 2022 (equiv 3.7/4.0).
- Caltech maintained low inflation, GPA at 3.5 in 2021 vs. national 3.6, but up from 3.1 in 1990.
- University of California, Berkeley's average GPA rose to 3.3 in 2022 from 2.9 in 2000.
- UCLA reported 58% A grades in 2021, a 15% increase over decade.
- University of Virginia's GPA hit 3.4 median in 2020, up from 3.0 in 1995.
- UNC Chapel Hill saw average GPA of 3.6 in 2022, with business school at 3.7.
- At University of Texas at Austin, GPAs rose 0.4 points from 2010-2020 to 3.5 average.
- Ohio State University's college-wide GPA increased to 3.3 in 2021 from 2.9 in 2000.
- University of Wisconsin-Madison reported 50% A grades in 2022, up 12% since 2010.
Trends in Specific Universities Interpretation
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