Key Takeaways
- In the United States, an estimated $84 trillion in wealth is projected to transfer from Baby Boomers and the Silent Generation to Millennials and Generation Z over the next 20 to 25 years
- Globally, the Great Wealth Transfer is expected to amount to $124 trillion by 2048, with $74 trillion staying in North America and Western Europe
- By 2045, $36 trillion of the US wealth transfer will come from non-inherited assets like businesses and real estate
- Gen Z in the US will inherit an average of $500,000 per person from grandparents and parents by 2045
- Baby Boomers in the US control $59 trillion in assets, with 68% planning to pass it to Millennials
- In the UK, 36% of Millennials expect to inherit over £100,000, compared to 21% of Gen X
- Real estate comprises 28% of US intergenerational transfers, averaging $300,000 per inheritance
- In the UK, property inheritance makes up 43% of total transfers, valued at £2.3 trillion by 2047
- Stocks and equities represent 22% of global wealth transfers, with $15 trillion in US alone
- Tax policies reduce US inheritances by 40% via estate taxes on estates over $13.6 million
- In the UK, inheritance tax at 40% affects 6% of estates, costing £7 billion annually
- Proposed US estate tax changes could capture $200 billion more from transfers by 2033
- US wealth transfer boosts GDP by 1.2% annually through spending by Millennials
- Inheritance increases US homeownership by 15% for recipient Millennials
- Great Wealth Transfer widens US inequality, with top 1% heirs gaining 35% of total
A historic $84 trillion wealth transfer will reshape generational finances worldwide.
Asset Types
- Real estate comprises 28% of US intergenerational transfers, averaging $300,000 per inheritance
- In the UK, property inheritance makes up 43% of total transfers, valued at £2.3 trillion by 2047
- Stocks and equities represent 22% of global wealth transfers, with $15 trillion in US alone
- Business ownership transfers account for 15% of US Boomer wealth, $10 trillion total
- Retirement accounts (401ks/IRAs) are 19% of transfers, $16 trillion projected in US
- In Australia, superannuation funds transfer AUD 1.2 trillion, 35% of total wealth shift
- Cash and liquid assets form 12% of European transfers, €11 trillion by 2050
- Art and collectibles make up 5% of high-net-worth transfers globally, $6 trillion value
- Life insurance payouts contribute 8% to US transfers, averaging $150,000 per policy
- Farmland inheritance in US Midwest totals $2 trillion, 7% of transfers
- Cryptocurrency holdings, though small at 1%, represent $500 billion in potential Boomer transfers
- Private equity stakes in family businesses: 18% of transfers for UHNWIs
- Precious metals and alternatives: 4% of UK transfers, £250 billion
- Bonds and fixed income: 14% of US transfers, $12 trillion
- Commodities and alternatives: 3% globally, $4 trillion
- Yachts and luxury assets: 2% for UHNWIs, $1 trillion value
- Intellectual property transfers rising 10% yearly
- Wine collections: average $5 million per transfer in France
- US family farms transfer 30% fail due to no successors
- Hedge fund interests: 6% of transfers for top 0.1%
- Vacation homes: 10% of transfers, $8 trillion in US/Europe
- Digital assets like NFTs: emerging 0.5%, $250 billion potential
- Venture capital stakes from family offices: 7%
Asset Types Interpretation
Economic and Social Impacts
- US wealth transfer boosts GDP by 1.2% annually through spending by Millennials
- Inheritance increases US homeownership by 15% for recipient Millennials
- Great Wealth Transfer widens US inequality, with top 1% heirs gaining 35% of total
- In UK, transfers reduce youth poverty by 8%, lifting 500,000 out of low income
- Millennial entrepreneurship rises 20% post-inheritance in US
- Global transfer delays retirement for 30% of Gen X due to smaller inheritances
- US Black wealth gap persists as inheritances are 1/10th of white averages
- In Australia, transfers fuel housing bubble, increasing prices 12% in recipient areas
- Charitable giving surges 25% post-transfer, $1 trillion globally by 2040
- Divorce rates among inheritors drop 10% due to financial security in US
- US consumer spending increases 5% in year of inheritance receipt
- In Europe, transfers support 2 million small businesses avoiding closure
- The $84 trillion US transfer will add $15 trillion to national debt via tax avoidance
- Wealth transfers increase US stock market volatility by 5% during peak years
- In UK, inheritances fund 25% of small business startups by under-40s
- Global philanthropy from transfers: $27 trillion potential if 20% directed
- US gender wealth gap narrows 10% post-transfer for women heirs
- Australian transfers exacerbate intergenerational homeownership gap to 35%
- In China, transfers boost consumer spending 3% GDP contribution
- Europe's SME survival rate up 18% with family transfers
- US mental health improves 12% for inheritors under financial stress
- India’s transfers reduce rural-urban migration by 7%
- Canada’s transfers support elder care for 40% of recipients
Economic and Social Impacts Interpretation
Generational Breakdowns
- Gen Z in the US will inherit an average of $500,000 per person from grandparents and parents by 2045
- Baby Boomers in the US control $59 trillion in assets, with 68% planning to pass it to Millennials
- In the UK, 36% of Millennials expect to inherit over £100,000, compared to 21% of Gen X
- Silent Generation transfers to Boomers average $200,000 per heir in the US
- Gen X in Australia anticipates inheriting AUD 200,000 on average, bridging to Millennials
- In Europe, 45% of wealth transfers will go to Gen Z by 2050
- US Black families receive 13% less inheritance on average than white families, impacting Millennial wealth gaps
- Women in the US are set to inherit 70% of the $84 trillion transfer due to longer lifespans
- In Canada, 58% of Boomers plan equal transfers to Millennial children
- 25% of US inheritances go to grandchildren (Gen Z), skipping Gen X
- UK Baby Boomers will transfer £1 million on average to top 10% of heirs (Millennials)
- In Japan, 40% of transfers from Silent Gen to Millennials due to low birth rates
- US Hispanic Millennials expect 30% higher inheritances than prior generations
- 62% of US wealth transfers will be to children under 40 (Millennials/Gen Z)
- US Silent Generation transfers already $10 trillion completed by 2023
- Boomers to Gen X: $15 trillion expected in US by 2035
- Millennials inheriting from parents: average age 37 at receipt in UK
- Gen Z US share: 22% of total transfer despite being 20% of population
- In Italy, 55% transfers to children, 30% to grandchildren
- Swedish Millennials receive 80% via gifts pre-death
- US Asian Americans inherit 50% more than average due to education focus
- Female heirs in Canada get 52% of transfers
- Dutch Boomers favor eldest son in 25% of families
- Australian Indigenous communities see lower transfers at 40% retention rate
- Spain's transfers skewed to daughters 55%
Generational Breakdowns Interpretation
Policy and Taxation
- Tax policies reduce US inheritances by 40% via estate taxes on estates over $13.6 million
- In the UK, inheritance tax at 40% affects 6% of estates, costing £7 billion annually
- Proposed US estate tax changes could capture $200 billion more from transfers by 2033
- Gift tax exclusions allow $18,000 annual transfers tax-free per recipient in US, totaling $500 billion avoided
- Step-up in basis at death saves US heirs $50 billion in capital gains taxes yearly
- Canada's no estate tax but deemed disposition taxes 25% of transfers at death
- EU harmonized inheritance rules could standardize 20% tax rates across 27 countries
- Australia's stamp duty on property transfers costs inheritors AUD 50 billion over 20 years
- Charitable deductions reduce taxable estates by 10% in US transfers, $4 trillion potential
- UK's nil-rate band allowance of £325,000 per person frozen until 2028 impacts 40% more estates
- Global minimum tax on UHNWIs could affect 5% of cross-border transfers
- Estate tax revenue in US: $17 billion in 2022 from 4,000 estates
- France's inheritance tax yields €15 billion yearly, 700,000 declarations
- Germany's €25,000 tax-free per child, above rates up to 50%
- Italy's 4-8% inheritance tax on non-relatives
- Switzerland cantonal taxes average 20-40%
- Japan's 55% top estate tax rate applies to 10% of transfers
- Spain's regional taxes 7-34%, average €10,000 per estate
- Transfer planning via trusts saves 30% in taxes for US families
- EU anti-avoidance directives impact 15% of cross-border transfers
- Philanthropic vehicles reduce taxable transfers by 37% in Canada
- UK IHT planning via AIM shares saves £2 billion annually
Policy and Taxation Interpretation
Total Transfer Estimates
- In the United States, an estimated $84 trillion in wealth is projected to transfer from Baby Boomers and the Silent Generation to Millennials and Generation Z over the next 20 to 25 years
- Globally, the Great Wealth Transfer is expected to amount to $124 trillion by 2048, with $74 trillion staying in North America and Western Europe
- By 2045, $36 trillion of the US wealth transfer will come from non-inherited assets like businesses and real estate
- In the UK, £5.7 trillion is forecasted to pass between generations over the next 30 years
- Australia's intergenerational wealth transfer is projected at AUD 3.5 trillion by 2050, primarily through superannuation and property
- In Canada, $1 trillion in wealth is expected to transfer from Boomers to younger generations by 2034
- Europe's total wealth transfer could reach €90 trillion by 2050, driven by aging populations
- In Asia-Pacific, $28 trillion is anticipated in wealth transfers by 2030, led by China and Japan
- US Baby Boomers hold 52% of US wealth ($78 trillion), set to transfer 70% to heirs
- By 2030, $12 trillion in US inheritances will be received by Millennials alone
- Millennials are expected to receive 72% of the $53 trillion in US financial assets transfers by 2045
- In the US, 70% of wealthy families lose generational wealth by the second generation due to poor planning
- Globally, 68% of family wealth fails to reach the third generation
- UK's intergenerational transfer peaks at £325 billion annually by 2030
- China’s wealth transfer estimated at RMB 100 trillion by 2049
- France anticipates €2.5 trillion transfer over 25 years
- Germany's Baby Boomers to transfer €9 trillion by 2050
- India's family wealth shift projected at $2.5 trillion by 2030
- Singapore's HNWIs to transfer SGD 500 billion in next decade
- Brazil's transfer volume hits $1 trillion by 2040 amid inequality
- South Africa's wealth transfer challenged by 60% dissipation rate
Total Transfer Estimates Interpretation
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