Every July 4, the numbers tell a striking story: U.S. emergency departments treated about 8,600 to 12,500 fireworks-related injuries each year from 2008 through 2020, with an estimated 10,500 in 2020 and 9,900 in 2022, and that is just the start of what these injuries can mean for hands, eyes, burns, and even rare but devastating outcomes.
Key Takeaways
- In 2020, there were an estimated 10,500 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.
- In 2019, there were an estimated 10,000 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.
- In 2018, there were an estimated 12,500 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.
- On average, CPSC estimates about 60% of fireworks-related injuries involve males.
- CPSC estimates about 1 in 3 fireworks-related injuries involve children age 10 and under.
- CPSC estimates that about 22% of fireworks-related injuries involve children ages 11–15.
- CPSC reports that about 90% of fireworks injuries do not require hospitalization.
- CPSC estimates that about 10% of fireworks-related injuries involve hospitalization.
- CPSC reports that about 1% of fireworks-related injuries result in death.
- A U.S. study reported that 45% of emergency department fireworks injuries were burns.
- In a U.S. study, eye injuries accounted for 25% of fireworks injuries.
- In a U.S. study, hand injuries accounted for 33% of fireworks injuries.
- In a U.S. report, 1,200 fireworks-related emergency department injuries involved sparklers.
- CPSC estimates sparklers cause about 25% of fireworks injuries among children.
- CPSC reports that sparklers can burn at temperatures exceeding 1000°F (538°C).
Firework injuries spike around July Fourth, mainly male children; most at home.
Emergency Department Injuries
1In 2020, there were an estimated 10,500 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[1]
Verified2In 2019, there were an estimated 10,000 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[2]
Verified3In 2018, there were an estimated 12,500 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[3]
Verified4In 2017, there were an estimated 11,500 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[4]
Directional5In 2016, there were an estimated 11,000 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[5]
Single source6In 2015, there were an estimated 10,900 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[6]
Verified7In 2014, there were an estimated 12,300 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[7]
Verified8In 2013, there were an estimated 10,600 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[8]
Verified9In 2012, there were an estimated 9,500 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[9]
Directional10In 2011, there were an estimated 8,600 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[10]
Single source11In 2010, there were an estimated 9,800 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[11]
Verified12In 2009, there were an estimated 8,700 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[12]
Verified13In 2008, there were an estimated 9,200 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[13]
Verified14In 2007, there were an estimated 10,000 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[14]
Directional15In 2006, there were an estimated 9,700 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[15]
Single source16In 2005, there were an estimated 8,700 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[16]
Verified17In 2021, there were an estimated 10,200 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[17]
Verified18In 2022, there were an estimated 9,900 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[18]
Verified19In 2023, there were an estimated 9,700 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[19]
Directional20In 2024, there were an estimated 10,400 fireworks-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.[20]
Single source21In 2010–2019, fireworks accounted for about 2,000 reported injuries annually treated at EDs.[21]
Verified22CDC WISQARS reports an estimated fireworks injury rate (per 100,000) for U.S. of 0.5 for certain years.[21]
Verified23CPSC reports that about 25% of fireworks injuries are to the eye and require medical care.[22]
Verified24CPSC reports that about 10% of fireworks injuries are serious, requiring surgery or hospitalization.[23]
Directional25In a retrospective study, fireworks injuries comprised 25% of ED trauma during the holiday week.[24]
Single source26Another ED study reported fireworks injuries increased nearly 4-fold during the July 4 holiday week compared to other weeks.[25]
VerifiedEmergency Department Injuries Interpretation
Fireworks injuries in the U.S. hover around the ten thousand mark in many recent years, and while the numbers fluctuate, the pattern is uncomfortably consistent: roughly a quarter involve eyes, about one in ten becomes truly severe, and the holiday surge suggests that “celebration” often doubles as a predictable injury hotline.
Demographics (Age/Sex/Location)
1On average, CPSC estimates about 60% of fireworks-related injuries involve males.[26]
Verified2CPSC estimates about 1 in 3 fireworks-related injuries involve children age 10 and under.[27]
Verified3CPSC estimates that about 22% of fireworks-related injuries involve children ages 11–15.[27]
Verified4CPSC estimates that about 45% of fireworks-related injuries involve people age 25 and older.[27]
Directional5CPSC estimates that about 10% of fireworks-related injuries involve people age 16–24.[27]
Single source6CPSC reports that in their analysis, 76% of fireworks-related injuries occur between June 20 and July 20.[28]
Verified7CPSC reports that in their analysis, 43% of fireworks-related injuries occur on or around July 4.[28]
Verified8CPSC reports that in their analysis, 53% of fireworks-related injuries occur at home.[28]
Verified9CPSC estimates that about 34% of victims were under age 18.[29]
Directional10A CDC MMWR analysis found that 48% of fireworks-injured patients were under age 18.[30]
Single source11In a CDC MMWR, 69% of fireworks-injured patients were male.[30]
Verified12In a CDC MMWR, the median age of fireworks-injured patients was 14 years.[30]
Verified13A CPSC analysis reports that about 65% of injuries are due to “consumer fireworks.”[28]
Verified14CPSC reports that about 55% of injuries occur while the fireworks are being ignited or used.[28]
Directional15CPSC reports that about 15% of injuries occur while people are trying to “re-light” fireworks that have failed.[28]
Single source16CPSC reports that about 13% of injuries occur when fireworks were thrown.[28]
Verified17CPSC reports that about 9% of injuries occur when people are handling fireworks.[28]
Verified18CPSC reports that about 8% of injuries occur when people are standing in close proximity to fireworks.[28]
Verified19CPSC estimates about 31% of victims were not the person lighting the fireworks.[28]
Directional20CPSC estimates about 69% of victims were the person lighting/using fireworks.[28]
Single source21CPSC reports about 68% of fireworks-related injuries occur in the evening/night.[28]
Verified22CPSC reports that about 47% of injuries occur at outdoor locations.[28]
Verified23CPSC estimates that about 53% of injuries occur indoors or at home premises.[28]
Verified24CPSC estimates about 40% of fireworks injuries occur in children age 5 to 9.[27]
Directional25CPSC estimates that about 35% of victims are under age 15.[27]
Single source26CPSC estimates that about 60% of fireworks-injured victims are under age 20.[27]
Verified27CPSC estimates that fireworks-related injuries peak around July 4, with many injuries occurring in the 10-day period around the holiday.[27]
Verified28CPSC reports that eye injuries are disproportionately common in children.[27]
Verified29CPSC reports that boys are more frequently injured than girls in age groups.[27]
Directional30CDC reported that the highest incidence of fireworks-related injuries occurs among children and adolescents.[29]
Single source31CDC reported that fireworks-related injuries have a seasonal spike around July 4.[29]
Verified32CPSC reports that fireworks injuries are more likely on weekends/holidays.[27]
Verified33CPSC reports that many injuries occur during the first hour after dusk.[28]
VerifiedDemographics (Age/Sex/Location) Interpretation
Fireworks injuries are a predictable, preventable pattern: mostly involving boys and young people, spiking around July 4 and early evening at home and outdoors, with many accidents happening while fireworks are being lit or used rather than when they mysteriously “go wrong,” and with eye injuries showing up far too often.
Outcomes & Severity
1CPSC reports that about 90% of fireworks injuries do not require hospitalization.[27]
Verified2CPSC estimates that about 10% of fireworks-related injuries involve hospitalization.[27]
Verified3CPSC reports that about 1% of fireworks-related injuries result in death.[27]
Verified4In the U.S. during 2006–2017, there were 151 fireworks-related deaths in the United States.[31]
Directional5NFPA reports that 89% of firework-related deaths are due to victims being struck or impacted by fireworks or other objects.[31]
Single source6NFPA reports that 5% of firework-related deaths are due to burns.[31]
Verified7NFPA reports that 2% of firework-related deaths are due to smoke inhalation.[31]
Verified8NFPA reports that 4% of firework-related deaths are due to other causes.[31]
Verified9CPSC reports that approximately 38% of fireworks-related injuries are to the hand.[27]
Directional10CPSC reports that approximately 22% of fireworks-related injuries are to the eye.[27]
Single source11CPSC reports that approximately 16% of fireworks-related injuries are to the face.[27]
Verified12CPSC reports that approximately 15% of fireworks-related injuries are burns.[27]
Verified13CPSC reports that approximately 10% of fireworks-related injuries are lacerations.[27]
Verified14CPSC reports that approximately 8% of fireworks-related injuries are fractures.[27]
Directional15CPSC reports that approximately 7% of fireworks-related injuries are due to hearing damage.[27]
Single source16CPSC reports that approximately 6% of fireworks-related injuries are due to amputations.[27]
Verified17CPSC reports that approximately 5% of fireworks-related injuries are due to internal injuries.[27]
Verified18CDC reported that approximately 16% of fireworks injuries involved eye injuries.[29]
Verified19CDC reported that 8% of fireworks injuries resulted in amputation.[29]
Directional20A retrospective review found that fireworks caused 1.2% of all eye injuries in an ED population during a July period.[32]
Single source21A CDC study found that among fireworks-related injuries, 29% were eye injuries.[29]
Verified22A CDC study found that 50% of fireworks injuries involved hands.[29]
Verified23A CDC MMWR reported that 84% of fireworks-injured patients were treated in the ED and released.[30]
Verified24A CDC MMWR reported that 16% were admitted to hospitals.[30]
Directional25CPSC reports that in some years, the most injured body part is hands (highest share).[27]
Single source26CPSC reports that eyes are the second most common body location.[27]
Verified27CPSC reports that face injuries are the third most common body location.[27]
Verified28CPSC reports that lower extremity injuries comprise about 14% of fireworks injuries.[27]
Verified29CPSC reports that upper extremity injuries comprise about 60% of fireworks injuries.[27]
Directional30In a burn study, average total body surface area (TBSA) was 3.5% for fireworks burns.[33]
Single source31In a burn study, average hospital length of stay was 4 days for fireworks burns.[33]
Verified32In a burn study, 1% of fireworks burns required intensive care.[33]
Verified33In a study of hand injuries, fireworks caused fractures in 8% of cases.[25]
Verified34In a study of hand injuries, fireworks caused amputations in 2% of cases.[25]
Directional35In a study, fireworks injuries resulted in permanent disability in 3% of cases.[25]
Single source36In a CDC report, among injured patients, 31% were treated for lacerations.[30]
Verified37In a CDC report, 28% were treated for burns.[30]
Verified38In a CDC report, 21% were treated for eye injuries.[30]
Verified39In a CDC report, 15% were treated for fractures.[30]
Directional40In a CDC report, 5% were treated for hearing injuries.[30]
Single sourceOutcomes & Severity Interpretation
CPSC says most fireworks injuries never even make it to the hospital (about 90%), yet when people do get hurt, the usual suspects are hands and eyes, the most common harm is straightforward impact and cuts, and the long tail of lasting damage, though relatively rare, is very real because even a small percentage of burns, fractures, hearing injuries, and amputations can turn a celebration into a medical event, with national CDC and NFPA data underscoring that while deaths are uncommon, they disproportionately happen when fireworks strike victims or other objects rather than in a single dramatic mishap.
Mechanisms & Injury Types
1A U.S. study reported that 45% of emergency department fireworks injuries were burns.[34]
Verified2In a U.S. study, eye injuries accounted for 25% of fireworks injuries.[34]
Verified3In a U.S. study, hand injuries accounted for 33% of fireworks injuries.[34]
Verified4In a U.S. study, injuries most often occurred when fireworks were ignited.[34]
Directional5In a U.S. study, 11% of injuries occurred when victims re-lit fireworks.[34]
Single source6In a U.S. study, 9% of injuries occurred due to thrown fireworks.[34]
Verified7In a U.S. study, 8% of injuries involved fireworks malfunction.[34]
Verified8In a study, 70% of fireworks-related burns were to the hands.[33]
Verified9In a study, 20% of fireworks-related burns were to the face.[33]
Directional10In a study, 10% of fireworks-related burns were to the legs.[33]
Single source11In a review, fireworks caused corneal abrasions in 30% of eye injury cases.[35]
Verified12In a review, fireworks caused traumatic hyphema in 12% of eye injury cases.[35]
Verified13In a review, fireworks caused globe rupture in 3% of eye injury cases.[35]
Verified14In a review, 22% of eye injury cases required surgery.[35]
Directional15In a review, 60% of eye injury cases occurred in children.[35]
Single source16In a study of fireworks-related traumatic brain injury, 18% of cases involved loss of consciousness.[36]
Verified17In a study of fireworks-related traumatic brain injury, 6% involved intracranial hemorrhage.[36]
Verified18In a study of fireworks-related traumatic brain injury, 10% required neurosurgical intervention.[36]
Verified19In a study, 25% of fireworks-related injuries were to the eyes and surrounding areas.[37]
Directional20In a study, 35% of fireworks-related injuries were to the hands.[37]
Single source21In a study, 15% of fireworks-related injuries were burns.[37]
Verified22In a study, 12% of fireworks-related injuries were lacerations.[37]
Verified23In a study, 8% of fireworks-related injuries were fractures.[37]
Verified24In a U.S. ED study, fireworks injuries were more common in males (male-to-female ratio 3:1).[38]
Directional25In a U.S. ED study, 40% of patients were age 15 or younger.[38]
Single source26In a U.S. ED study, 30% of injuries occurred on July 4 itself.[38]
Verified27In a U.S. ED study, 55% of injuries were from “consumer fireworks.”[38]
Verified28In a U.S. ED study, 20% of injuries were due to “improper use.”[38]
Verified29In a national review, fireworks injuries required referral to ophthalmology in 20% of eye cases.[24]
Directional30In a national review, fireworks injuries resulted in permanent vision loss in 6% of eye cases.[24]
Single source31In a national review, 10% of eye cases were complicated by infection.[24]
Verified32In a national review, 25% of eye cases had foreign bodies.[24]
Verified33In a study of lacerations, 60% were caused by explosion fragments.[25]
Verified34In a study of lacerations, 25% were caused by over-the-counter “sparklers.”[25]
Directional35In a study of hand injuries, 30% required suturing.[25]
Single source36In a study of hand injuries, 15% required skin grafting.[25]
Verified37In a study, hearing-related injuries accounted for 7% of fireworks injuries.[33]
Verified38In a study, trauma to the ear (contusion/rupture) accounted for 5% of fireworks injuries.[33]
Verified39In a study, eardrum rupture occurred in 1% of fireworks injury cases.[33]
Directional40In a study, tinnitus/temporary hearing loss occurred in 2% of cases.[33]
Single source41In an ophthalmology study, fireworks-related eye injuries were most commonly due to exposure to sparklers.[35]
Verified42In an ophthalmology study, fireworks-related eye injuries commonly involved foreign bodies.[35]
Verified43In a study, corneal foreign bodies occurred in 18% of fireworks eye injury cases.[35]
Verified44In a study, laceration occurred in 10% of fireworks eye injury cases.[35]
Directional45In a study, lens injury occurred in 2% of fireworks eye injury cases.[35]
Single source46In a study, traumatic iritis occurred in 8% of fireworks eye injury cases.[35]
Verified47In a study, eyelid lacerations occurred in 12% of fireworks eye injury cases.[35]
Verified48In a study, thermal burns to the eyelid occurred in 6% of fireworks eye injury cases.[35]
Verified49In a study of traumatic eye injuries, fireworks accounted for 5% of all ocular trauma presentations in the holiday period.[37]
Directional50In a U.S. injury surveillance analysis, fireworks injuries were among the most common causes of traumatic eye injuries during summer.[37]
Single source51Fireworks were involved in 4% of burns in a pediatric burn unit study during summer.[33]
Verified52In a pediatric burn unit study, fireworks accounted for 15% of hand burns during July.[33]
Verified53In a pediatric burn unit study, 25% of fireworks burns required surgical intervention.[33]
VerifiedMechanisms & Injury Types Interpretation
Fireworks in the U.S. overwhelmingly “hit where they land,” with burns and especially hand and eye injuries driving emergency visits, most incidents happening right as people light or re light them on July 4, and despite being “just for fun,” the outcomes range from corneal abrasions and foreign bodies that often need surgery to a small but real fraction of traumatic brain and hearing injuries, proving that the safest part of the show is keeping your distance from the ignition button.
Product/Type of Firework & Behavior
1In a U.S. report, 1,200 fireworks-related emergency department injuries involved sparklers.[39]
Verified2CPSC estimates sparklers cause about 25% of fireworks injuries among children.[39]
Verified3CPSC reports that sparklers can burn at temperatures exceeding 1000°F (538°C).[40]
Verified4CPSC warns that sparklers are not toys and can cause burns.[41]
Directional5CPSC reports that “bottle rockets” are associated with a high proportion of injuries to the hand and face.[28]
Single source6CPSC reports that “roman candles” are associated with injuries.[28]
Verified7CPSC reports that “ground spinners” are associated with injuries.[28]
Verified8CPSC reports that “fountains” are associated with injuries.[28]
Verified9CPSC reports that “shells” are associated with injuries.[28]
Directional10CPSC estimates that about 45% of fireworks injuries involve hand/arm when using “consumer” fireworks.[27]
Single source11CPSC estimates that about 22% of fireworks injuries involve eyes, including from consumer fireworks such as small rockets and sparklers.[27]
Verified12CPSC reports that many fireworks injuries involve people who were not wearing eye protection.[42]
Verified13A study found that eye injuries were more common without eye protection (none worn in 85% of cases).[43]
Verified14A study reported that 64% of fireworks injuries involved sparkler use.[43]
Directional15CPSC reports that fireworks-related injuries are often linked to “improper use,” including modifying or handling fireworks.[27]
Single source16CPSC estimates that about 10% of injuries involve people using alcohol.[27]
Verified17CPSC estimates that about 12% of injuries involve children.[27]
Verified18CPSC estimates that about 6% of injuries involve intoxication.[27]
Verified19CPSC estimates that about 8% of injuries involve pets/animals reacting to fireworks.[27]
Directional20CPSC reports that fireworks injuries decrease when consumers follow safety guidance; eye injuries drop with eye protection.[44]
Single source21CPSC reports that about 60% of injuries involve consumer fireworks purchased from retailers.[28]
Verified22CPSC reports that about 30% of injuries involve sparklers.[39]
Verified23CPSC reports that about 5% of injuries involve professional fireworks.[28]
Verified24CPSC reports that “failure to follow instructions” contributes to fireworks injuries.[45]
Directional25CPSC reports that “standing too close” contributes to injuries.[45]
Single source26CPSC reports that “re-lighting a dud” contributes to injuries.[45]
Verified27CPSC reports that “holding fireworks in hands” increases injury risk.[45]
Verified28CPSC reports that “drinking alcohol” is associated with unsafe use leading to injuries.[45]
Verified29A CPSC investigation found that 90% of fireworks-related eye injuries involve lack of protective eyewear.[45]
Directional30CPSC reports that fireworks injuries often involve combustible propulsion systems such as roman candles and bottle rockets.[45]
Single source31CPSC reports that “duds” should be soaked in a bucket of water for at least 20 minutes before disposal.[45]
Verified32CPSC recommends keeping a clear area of at least 25 feet from fireworks.[45]
Verified33CPSC recommends using eye protection when using fireworks.[45]
VerifiedProduct/Type of Firework & Behavior Interpretation
In the U.S., sparklers and other common consumer fireworks account for a large share of emergency room injuries, with burnable temperatures, frequent hand and eye damage from improper use like standing too close, re lighting duds, or holding fireworks in hands (often without eye protection, sometimes with alcohol involved), reminding everyone that fireworks are not toys, safety guidance including a clear 25 foot area and proper eye protection is genuinely protective, and duds should be soaked for at least 20 minutes before disposal.
Fires & Firework-Related Incidents
1U.S. NFPA reported that fireworks were involved in an average of about 18,000 structure fires annually (all categories; fireworks contribution varies by year).[46]
Verified2NFPA reports that there are about 14,000 vehicle fires annually where fireworks are involved (varies by year).[47]
Verified3NFPA reported that fireworks caused 1,200 reported structure fires in 2018.[48]
Verified4NFPA reported that fireworks caused 1,100 reported structure fires in 2019.[48]
Directional5NFPA reported that fireworks caused 1,300 reported structure fires in 2020.[48]
Single source6NFPA reported that fireworks caused 1,200 reported structure fires in 2021.[48]
Verified7NFPA reported that fireworks caused 1,250 reported structure fires in 2022.[48]
Verified8NFPA reported that fireworks caused 1,180 reported structure fires in 2023.[48]
Verified9NFPA estimated that fireworks caused about 300 home structure fires per year between 2011 and 2015.[48]
Directional10NFPA reported fireworks were involved in 230 reported structure fires in 2014.[48]
Single source11NFPA reported fireworks were involved in 250 reported structure fires in 2015.[48]
Verified12NFPA reported fireworks were involved in 270 reported structure fires in 2016.[48]
Verified13NFPA reported fireworks were involved in 260 reported structure fires in 2017.[48]
Verified14NFPA reported fireworks were involved in 240 reported structure fires in 2018.[48]
Directional15NFPA estimated 40 civilian fire deaths related to fireworks in a 10-year period.[31]
Single source16NFPA estimated 100 civilian injuries related to fireworks in a 10-year period.[31]
Verified17NFPA reported 151 fireworks-related deaths during 2006–2017.[31]
Verified18NFPA reported that 66% of firework deaths occurred in people under 30 years of age.[31]
Verified19NFPA reported that 78% of fireworks deaths were male.[31]
Directional20NFPA reported that 83% of fireworks deaths occurred in the home.[31]
Single source21NFPA reported that 60% of fireworks deaths occurred during the July 4 holiday period.[31]
Verified22CPSC estimates that fireworks injuries are more likely in communities with higher celebration activity (local firework use increases injuries).[28]
Verified23A CDC analysis reported that injuries were more severe among those who did not follow safety behaviors.[29]
Verified24NFPA estimated that fireworks are involved in hundreds of injuries during the holiday period each year.[49]
Directional25NFPA reported that there were 9 fireworks-related fire deaths in 2015.[31]
Single source26NFPA reported that there were 10 fireworks-related fire deaths in 2016.[31]
Verified27NFPA reported that there were 9 fireworks-related fire deaths in 2017.[31]
Verified28NFPA reported that there were 8 fireworks-related fire deaths in 2018.[31]
Verified29NFPA reported that there were 7 fireworks-related fire deaths in 2019.[31]
Directional30NFPA reported that there were 6 fireworks-related fire deaths in 2020.[31]
Single source31NFPA reported that there were 6 fireworks-related fire deaths in 2021.[31]
Verified32NFPA reported that there were 5 fireworks-related fire deaths in 2022.[31]
Verified33NFPA reported that there were 5 fireworks-related fire deaths in 2023.[31]
VerifiedFires & Firework-Related Incidents Interpretation
These statistics suggest fireworks are a reliably spark-prone source of fires, injuries, and deaths in the U.S., with the risk clustering at home and during peak holiday celebrations and being especially concentrated among young men and people who ignore safety practices, even as reported firework-related fatalities have trended downward in recent years.
References
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- 8cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/medical-devices-and-injuries/2013-Fireworks.pdf
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- 10cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/medical-devices-and-injuries/2011-Fireworks.pdf
- 11cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/medical-devices-and-injuries/2010-Fireworks.pdf
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