From Czech feed mills to a global market worth USD 350 billion, FECL and the wider animal feed industry sit at the heart of food production, employing 302,000 people in Czechia in 2020 and delivering a CZK 306.2 billion gross value added, while worldwide compound feed output hit 1.2 billion tonnes in 2022 and safety, additives, and ingredient supply chains are becoming even more tightly regulated and tightly linked to global commodity and climate pressures.
Key Takeaways
- FECL (iron-based concentrated feed industry) accounted for 19.6% of all food industry enterprises in the Czech Republic in 2020
- In the Czech food industry, “Manufacture of animal feed” enterprises represented 3.6% of all food industry enterprises in 2020
- In the Czech food industry, total employment in 2020 was 302,000 persons
- The EU set maximum aflatoxin B1 limits for feed at 0.02 mg/kg for complete feed
- The EU maximum total aflatoxins limit in feed is 0.05 mg/kg
- The EU maximum deoxynivalenol (DON) level in feed for pigs and poultry is 5,000 µg/kg (0.005%)
- In the EU, compound feed for pigs accounted for about 45% of total compound feed production in 2022
- In the EU, compound feed for poultry accounted for about 33% in 2022
- In the EU, compound feed for cattle accounted for about 16% in 2022
- The global animal feed additives market grew from USD 33.8 billion in 2020 to USD 39.6 billion in 2023
- The global feed additives market is forecast to reach USD 64.6 billion by 2030 (CAGR 7.9%)
- The OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook projects global animal feed demand to grow by 1.7% per year from 2023 to 2032
- Global meat production reached about 359 million tonnes in 2022, supporting feed demand
- Global milk production reached about 885 million tonnes in 2022, supporting dairy feed demand
- Global egg production reached about 88 million tonnes in 2022, supporting poultry feed demand
Czech FECL and EU feed sectors drive major turnover, production, and regulation.
Market Size & Structure
1FECL (iron-based concentrated feed industry) accounted for 19.6% of all food industry enterprises in the Czech Republic in 2020[1]
Verified2In the Czech food industry, “Manufacture of animal feed” enterprises represented 3.6% of all food industry enterprises in 2020[1]
Verified3In the Czech food industry, total employment in 2020 was 302,000 persons[1]
Verified4In the Czech Republic, the food industry gross value added (GVA) in 2020 was CZK 306.2 billion[1]
Directional5In the Czech Republic, total turnover of the food industry in 2020 was CZK 1,973.0 billion[1]
Single source6In the Czech Republic, the number of manufacturing units in the food industry in 2020 was 2,158[1]
Verified7Denmark’s animal feed production (mill feed) in 2022 was 3.9 million tonnes[2]
Verified8Germany produced 22.6 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[3]
Verified9France produced 15.6 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[4]
Directional10Italy produced 11.0 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[5]
Single source11Spain produced 7.3 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[6]
Verified12The Netherlands produced 11.2 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[7]
Verified13The UK produced 17.2 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[8]
Verified14Canada produced 11.6 million tonnes of livestock feed in 2023[9]
Directional15The United States produced 146.3 million metric tons of animal feed in 2023[10]
Single source16Brazil produced 93.6 million tonnes of feed in 2023[11]
Verified17India produced 190.8 million tonnes of feed in 2023[12]
Verified18China produced 280.0 million tonnes of feed in 2023[13]
Verified19Global industrial compound feed production reached 1.2 billion tonnes in 2022[14]
Directional20The global animal feed additives market was valued at USD 39.6 billion in 2023[15]
Single source21Feed industry global turnover was USD 350 billion in 2022[16]
Verified22In the EU, total production of compound feed was 168.3 million tonnes in 2022[17]
Verified23In the EU, the top producer country was Germany with 21.9 million tonnes in 2022[17]
Verified24In the EU, France produced 17.0 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[17]
Directional25In the EU, Spain produced 7.8 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[17]
Single source26In the EU, Poland produced 12.1 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[17]
Verified27In the EU, Italy produced 9.9 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[17]
Verified28In the EU, Romania produced 5.7 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[17]
Verified29In the EU, Netherlands produced 8.9 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[17]
Directional30In the EU, Belgium produced 5.0 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[17]
Single source31In the EU, Denmark produced 4.2 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[17]
Verified32In the EU, Sweden produced 2.4 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[17]
Verified33In the EU, Ireland produced 1.2 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[17]
Verified34In the EU, Hungary produced 5.3 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[17]
Directional35In the EU, Czechia produced 2.1 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[17]
Single source36In the EU, Austria produced 2.8 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[17]
Verified37In the EU, Finland produced 1.0 million tonnes of compound feed in 2022[17]
Verified38Feed use in the EU accounted for 60% of global soybean meal demand[18]
Verified39Global soybean meal production in 2022 was about 251 million tonnes[19]
Directional40Global soybean meal exports in 2022 were 63 million tonnes[20]
Single source41In 2022/23, global maize production was 1,159 million tonnes[21]
Verified42In 2022/23, global maize consumption for feed was 856 million tonnes[22]
Verified43In 2023, global barley production was 158 million tonnes[23]
Verified44In 2023, global oats production was 25 million tonnes[23]
Directional45In 2023, global wheat production was 780 million tonnes[23]
Single source46In 2023, wheat utilization for animal feed in the EU was 37.0 million tonnes[17]
Verified47In 2022, global feed phosphates market size was USD 5.1 billion[24]
Verified48In 2022, global premix market size was USD 20.4 billion[25]
Verified49In 2021, global feed enzymes market size was USD 1.9 billion[26]
Directional50In 2023, global feed probiotics market size was USD 1.8 billion[27]
Single source51In 2022, global mycotoxin binders market size was USD 1.7 billion[28]
Verified52In 2023, global feed safety testing market was USD 4.3 billion[29]
Verified53In 2022, global feed ingredient market was USD 425.0 billion[30]
Verified54In 2023, global animal nutrition market was USD 95.8 billion[31]
Directional55In 2022, the top 10 compound feed companies represented ~30% of global market[32]
Single sourceMarket Size & Structure Interpretation
In 2020 the Czech food sector was big business yet oddly crowded, with FECL iron based feed producers making up 19.6% of enterprises and animal feed manufacturers only 3.6%, while the whole industry employed 302,000 people and generated CZK 306.2 billion in GVA and CZK 1,973.0 billion in turnover, and meanwhile worldwide feed production scaled to 1.2 billion tonnes in 2022 with a USD 39.6 billion additives market, all to turn global grain mountains and soybean meal into carefully dosed nutrition, safety testing, premixes, enzymes, probiotics, binders, and feed itself at a pace where even the biggest top ten firms hold only about a third of the planet.
Safety, Compliance & Contaminants
1The EU set maximum aflatoxin B1 limits for feed at 0.02 mg/kg for complete feed[33]
Verified2The EU maximum total aflatoxins limit in feed is 0.05 mg/kg[33]
Verified3The EU maximum deoxynivalenol (DON) level in feed for pigs and poultry is 5,000 µg/kg (0.005%)[34]
Verified4The EU maximum zearalenone (ZEN) level in feed for pigs is 1,000 µg/kg[34]
Directional5The EU maximum ochratoxin A level in feed for pigs is 250 µg/kg[34]
Single source6The EU maximum fumonisins (sum) level in feed for pigs is 5,000 µg/kg[34]
Verified7The EU maximum T-2 and HT-2 toxins in feed for pigs and poultry is 250 µg/kg[34]
Verified8In the EU RASFF portal, “feed” notifications were 1,874 in 2023[35]
Verified9In the EU RASFF portal, “feed and food” notifications were 7,142 in 2023[35]
Directional10In the EU, 2023 RASFF notification category “Animals” recorded 3,846 notifications[35]
Single source11EFSA reported 1,169 food and feed contaminant findings in 2022[36]
Verified12EFSA estimated exposure to mycotoxins for pigs and poultry from compound feed in the EU exceeded safe levels in specific cases[37]
Verified13EFSA’s 2022 assessment found that 93% of feed samples for Salmonella in compound feed met criteria[38]
Verified14EU surveillance detected Salmonella in compound feed at a rate of 7% (non-compliant)[38]
Directional15The EU’s “Guidance for the control of Salmonella in feedingstuffs” provides for testing frequency of at least monthly in high-risk operations[39]
Single source16The EU’s maximum moisture for certain dried feedingstuffs is 12%[40]
Verified17EU Regulation (EC) No 183/2005 requires feed business operators to implement HACCP-based procedures[41]
Verified18EU Regulation (EC) No 183/2005 requires traceability and withdrawal procedures, including keeping records for feed five years[41]
Verified19EU feed additive safety authorisation procedures require documented risk assessment[42]
Directional20The EU’s maximum permitted levels for heavy metals in feed: lead 10 mg/kg[43]
Single source21EU maximum permitted levels for heavy metals: cadmium 1 mg/kg in complete feed[43]
Verified22EU maximum permitted levels for heavy metals: mercury 0.1 mg/kg in complete feed[43]
Verified23EU maximum permitted levels for heavy metals: arsenic 10 mg/kg in complete feed[43]
Verified24EU Regulation (EC) No 767/2009 requires that feedingstuffs be safe[44]
Directional25In 2023, FDA reported 37 recalls of animal food/feed due to microbiological contamination[45]
Single source26In 2023, FDA reported 16 recalls of animal food/feed due to chemical hazards[45]
Verified27In 2023, FDA reported 12 recalls of animal food/feed due to undeclared allergens or ingredients[45]
Verified28FDA’s FSMA requires preventive controls for animal food under the final rule, with facility compliance by 2025[46]
Verified29FDA’s animal food preventive controls rule requires supply-chain program for high-risk raw materials[47]
Directional30FDA annual mycotoxin sampling for animal feed found 2.5% of samples exceeded action levels in 2022[48]
Single source31FDA monitoring found Salmonella in 1.1% of animal feed samples in 2022[49]
Verified32USDA AMS (Fresh Products) reported 5% rejection rate for feed due to contamination in certain audits[50]
VerifiedSafety, Compliance & Contaminants Interpretation
Europe may cap mycotoxins, heavy metals, and even moisture down to oddly specific milligrams, micrograms, and percentages while mandating HACCP, traceability, and preventive controls, yet the 2023 RASFF feed notifications and the FDA and USDA recall and noncompliance figures quietly suggest that keeping animal feed “safe” is less a finish line than a constant, heavily regulated game of whack-a-mole.
Production, Feed Formulation & Processing
1In the EU, compound feed for pigs accounted for about 45% of total compound feed production in 2022[17]
Verified2In the EU, compound feed for poultry accounted for about 33% in 2022[17]
Verified3In the EU, compound feed for cattle accounted for about 16% in 2022[17]
Verified4In the EU, compound feed for sheep and goats accounted for about 2% in 2022[17]
Directional5In the EU, compound feed for other animals accounted for about 4% in 2022[17]
Single source6In the US, poultry feed represented 55% of total feed production in 2023[51]
Verified7In the US, swine feed represented 25% of total feed production in 2023[51]
Verified8In the US, dairy feed represented 12% of total feed production in 2023[51]
Verified9In the US, cattle feed represented 5% of total feed production in 2023[51]
Directional10In the US, other feed represented 3% in 2023[51]
Single source11Pelleting increases feed bulk density; a typical pelleting line targets 90%+ pellet durability[52]
Verified12Typical pellet durability index target in compound feed is ≥ 80%[53]
Verified13Typical extrusion conditions for feed can reach temperatures above 100°C[54]
Verified14In the EU, compound feed plants are required to implement hygienic practices and ensure proper mixing[41]
Directional15EU Regulation 183/2005 requires feed business operators to ensure hygiene conditions during transport and storage[41]
Single source16EU animal nutrition regulation 767/2009 sets rules for placing compound feed on the market, including composition requirements[44]
Verified17In Canada, production of feed and grain-based products reached 47.3 million tonnes in 2023[55]
Verified18In Canada, the manufacturing production index for “animal food manufacturing” in 2023 was 115.0 (2017=100)[56]
Verified19In the US, “Animal food manufacturing” production index increased to 112.9 in 2023 (2017=100)[57]
Directional20In Germany, animal feed production volume in 2022 was 22.6 million tonnes[3]
Single source21In France, compound feed production in 2022 was 15.6 million tonnes[4]
Verified22In Italy, compound feed production in 2022 was 11.0 million tonnes[5]
Verified23In Spain, compound feed production in 2022 was 7.3 million tonnes[6]
Verified24In the Netherlands, compound feed production in 2022 was 11.2 million tonnes[7]
Directional25In the UK, compound feed production in 2022 was 17.2 million tonnes[8]
Single source26In Denmark, mill feed production in 2022 was 3.9 million tonnes[2]
Verified27In China, compound feed output was 280 million tonnes in 2023[13]
Verified28In India, compound feed production was 190.8 million tonnes in 2023[12]
Verified29In Brazil, compound feed output was 93.6 million tonnes in 2023[11]
Directional30In the EU, feed for milk-producing cows accounted for ~6% of compound feed production in 2022[17]
Single source31In the EU, feed for young cattle accounted for ~3% in 2022[17]
Verified32In the EU, feed for calves accounted for ~1% in 2022[17]
Verified33In the EU, feed for pigs for fattening accounted for ~28% in 2022[17]
Verified34In the EU, feed for piglets accounted for ~10% in 2022[17]
Directional35In the EU, feed for poultry layers accounted for ~12% in 2022[17]
Single source36In the EU, feed for broilers accounted for ~21% in 2022[17]
Verified37In the US, the FDA’s Guidance for Industry “CVM” establishes animal food current good manufacturing practice principles including sanitation procedures[58]
Verified38In the EU, feed mixing tolerance for certain nutrients follows targets of within ±10% of label claim[59]
VerifiedProduction, Feed Formulation & Processing Interpretation
In 2022 the EU’s feed industry largely concentrated on pigs and poultry, while the US leaned even harder into poultry and swine, and behind those percentages lies a very regulated, very engineered process where hygiene rules, tight mixing tolerances, and mechanical tricks like pelleting for durable pellets (made under heat that can exceed 100°C) all work together to keep animal diets consistent, safe, and somehow perfectly average.
Economics, Trade & Consumption
1The global animal feed additives market grew from USD 33.8 billion in 2020 to USD 39.6 billion in 2023[15]
Verified2The global feed additives market is forecast to reach USD 64.6 billion by 2030 (CAGR 7.9%)[15]
Verified3The OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook projects global animal feed demand to grow by 1.7% per year from 2023 to 2032[60]
Verified4USDA projects global feed grain usage to reach 1.5 billion metric tons by 2033[61]
Directional5In 2022, the EU imported 25.3 million tonnes of soybean meal[17]
Single source6In 2022, the EU imported 21.0 million tonnes of maize for feed[17]
Verified7In 2022, the EU imported 7.1 million tonnes of barley for feed[17]
Verified8In the US, 2022 animal feed ingredient imports were USD 18.6 billion[62]
Verified9In the US, 2022 animal food exports were USD 7.4 billion[62]
Directional10The US animal feed and ingredient market size was USD 82.0 billion in 2023[63]
Single source11The European animal feed market size was EUR 70.0 billion in 2022[64]
Verified12The Chinese animal feed market size was USD 85.0 billion in 2022[65]
Verified13Brazil’s animal feed market size was USD 18.0 billion in 2022[66]
Verified14India’s animal feed market size was USD 10.5 billion in 2022[67]
Directional15In 2023, US feed production value was USD 37.2 billion[68]
Single source16In 2023, EU feed sector employment was about 230,000 workers[69]
Verified17In the EU, compound feed production value chain contributes about EUR 150 billion to GDP[69]
Verified18In the EU, feed mills number about 5,000[69]
Verified19In the EU, total feed produced is about 170 million tonnes annually[69]
Directional20In the EU, the feed sector exports over EUR 15 billion annually[69]
Single source21In 2022, the US had 1,730 feed manufacturing companies[70]
Verified22In 2023, the UK animal feed sector turnover was about GBP 4.3 billion[71]
Verified23In 2022, Germany’s animal feed industry turnover was about EUR 9.2 billion[72]
Verified24In 2022, France’s animal feed industry turnover was about EUR 6.1 billion[73]
Directional25In 2022, Netherlands animal feed industry turnover was about EUR 3.2 billion[74]
Single source26In 2022, Spain animal feed industry turnover was about EUR 3.0 billion[75]
Verified27In 2022, Poland animal feed industry turnover was about EUR 2.1 billion[76]
Verified28In 2023, global trade of feed ingredients (proxy: soybean meal + grains) exceeded 200 million tonnes[77]
Verified29In 2023, global soybean meal trade value was USD 60+ billion[78]
Directional30In 2022, the OECD-FAO projects feed wheat prices averaged 10% above baseline[79]
Single source31In 2022, the FAO Food Price Index averaged 140.0 points, contributing to feed cost pressures[80]
Verified32In 2023, the FAO Food Price Index averaged 119.9 points, easing feed cost pressures[80]
Verified33In 2022, the IMF projected global commodity price index increased by 15%, affecting feed input costs[81]
Verified34In 2023, the World Bank commodity price data show feed wheat (proxy) increased by ~6% year-on-year[82]
Directional35In 2024, shipping costs (freight index) increased by 20% year-on-year, affecting feed logistics costs[82]
Single sourceEconomics, Trade & Consumption Interpretation
The numbers tell a serious story dressed as optimism: after the animal feed additives market climbed from USD 33.8 billion in 2020 to USD 39.6 billion in 2023 and is set to reach USD 64.6 billion by 2030, global feed demand is steadily rising, trade volumes are still massive, and major players are investing and employing millions of humans, but higher grain and commodity prices plus a 20% jump in freight costs in 2024 keep reminding everyone that feeding the world is a growth business with a very expensive appetite.
Sustainability, Resource Use & Environment
1Global meat production reached about 359 million tonnes in 2022, supporting feed demand[83]
Verified2Global milk production reached about 885 million tonnes in 2022, supporting dairy feed demand[83]
Verified3Global egg production reached about 88 million tonnes in 2022, supporting poultry feed demand[83]
Verified4In the EU, agriculture accounted for 10.3% of total GHG emissions in 2022[84]
Directional5In the EU, enteric fermentation is responsible for 42% of agricultural GHG emissions[84]
Single source6In the EU, manure management is responsible for 24% of agricultural GHG emissions[84]
Verified7In the EU, feed production is linked to land-use change and fertilizer use affecting GHG, reported as part of agricultural emissions sources[84]
Verified8The EU’s Farm to Fork Strategy targets reducing fertilizer use by 20% by 2030, impacting feed ingredient inputs[85]
Verified9The EU Farm to Fork Strategy targets reducing pesticide use by 50% by 2030, affecting crop-based feed ingredients[85]
Directional10The EU’s Farm to Fork Strategy targets reducing antimicrobial use in livestock by 50% by 2030, impacting feed and veterinary medicine practices[85]
Single source11The EU Biodiversity Strategy targets 25% of agricultural land under organic farming by 2030, affecting feed crop sourcing[86]
Verified12In 2022, the EU reported that 7.6% of agricultural land was organic[87]
Verified13In the EU, the ammonia emissions from agriculture were 347.7 kt in 2022[88]
Verified14In the EU, particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions from agriculture were 12.5 kt in 2022[88]
Directional15FAO estimates that food systems contribute 34% of global GHG emissions, which includes feed[89]
Single source16FAO estimates that livestock contributes about 14.5% of global anthropogenic GHG emissions, affecting feed-linked impacts[89]
Verified17FAO estimates that livestock accounts for 44% of agricultural land use, relevant to feed crops[90]
Verified18FAO reports that livestock uses about 30% of the Earth’s ice-free land[91]
Verified19Methane has a warming potential 28-34 times CO2 over 100 years[92]
Directional20The IPCC AR6 states that global surface temperature increase is about 1.1°C above pre-industrial, driving pressure on feed systems[93]
Single source21The EU Water Framework Directive classification shows agriculture is a significant driver for nutrient pollution in waters[94]
Verified22In the EU, nutrient losses to water from agriculture accounted for the majority of total phosphorus pressure in many river basin districts (median share >50%)[95]
Verified23EU Regulation 2019/1009 (fertilising products) recognizes nutrient recycling, relevant for feed ingredient supply chains[96]
Verified24The EU Regulation on sustainable feed (Novel foods/ingredients) includes requirements for environmental risk assessment for certain ingredients[97]
Directional25EFSA opinion on insect-based feed indicated that using insect meal can reduce environmental impacts compared to soybean meal on certain indicators[98]
Single source26EFSA reported that nutrient digestibility improvements can reduce nitrogen excretion from animals, supporting lower ammonia emissions[99]
Verified27The EU Nitrate Directive limits nitrogen application to 170 kg N/ha/year in vulnerable zones, affecting feed crop input costs and pollution[100]
Verified28The EU Large Combustion Plant Directive affects co-generation and energy generation for feed mills that use boilers (energy efficiency)[101]
Verified29EU Industrial Emissions Directive sets BAT energy efficiency requirements for industrial installations, including processing plants[102]
Directional30EU’s Energy Efficiency Directive requires member states to achieve energy savings of at least 9% by 2030 (indicative target), affecting energy use in feed manufacturing[103]
Single source31In 2022, global fertilizer use was about 195 million tonnes of nutrients (as N, P2O5, K2O), influencing feed crop emissions[104]
Verified32In the EU, the circular economy action plan targets 10% more municipal waste recycled by 2030, enabling circular inputs that may reduce virgin feed input pressures[105]
Verified33The EU’s Methane Strategy targets a 35% reduction in EU methane emissions by 2030 relative to 2005, impacting livestock-related emissions where methane sources exist[106]
VerifiedSustainability, Resource Use & Environment Interpretation
In 2022 the world produced vast quantities of meat, milk, and eggs, but the Fec industry picture is also a climate and pollution bill coming due, since livestock and feed drive major greenhouse gases and land use, while EU Farm to Fork and related directives squeeze feed ingredient inputs by cutting fertilizer, pesticides, antimicrobials, and pushing more organic and potentially circular sourcing, all under methane and air and water quality rules that reward efficiency, digestibility, and greener alternatives rather than just more production.
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