Gitnux/Report 2026

Economic Statistics

Global inflation is forecast to fall to 4.5% in 2025 while global real goods trade growth is expected to be 3.0% in 2025, setting up a real tension between cooling prices and continued economic momentum. The page also tracks how growth is split across economies and how energy and tech spending are accelerating, from clean energy investment to IT spending and the labor market, so you can see what is changing and what is not.
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Economic Statistics
David SutherlandWritten by David Sutherland·Edited by Margot Villeneuve·Fact-checked by Astrid Bergmann
Last verified May 13, 2026
Verified via a 4-step process
01Source

Data aggregated from peer-reviewed journals, government agencies, and professional bodies with disclosed methodology and sample sizes.

02Verify

Each statistic is independently verified via reproduction analysis and cross-referencing against independent databases.

03Grade

Figures are graded by cross-model consensus. Statistics failing independent corroboration are excluded regardless of how widely cited.

04Cite

Every figure carries a primary source. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates so the report can be cited.

Read our full methodology →

Statistics that fail independent corroboration are excluded.

Next review Nov 2026
Global retail e-commerce is forecast to keep pushing trade growth in 2025 with real goods trade projected to rise 3.0%, even as manufacturing activity stays under pressure with a global manufacturing PMI of 46.6 in April 2024. At the same time, inflation is projected to cool from 5.9% in 2024 to 4.5% in 2025, while labor markets remain mixed with US job openings still at 3.6 million in March 2024. These tensions between prices, production, and spending are exactly where economic statistics become more than background noise.

Key Takeaways

  • Global inflation averaged 6.8% in 2023 and is projected to decline to 5.9% in 2024 and 4.5% in 2025 (IMF, World Economic Outlook, April 2024)
  • China’s GDP grew 5.3% year over year in 2023 (World Bank data via World Development Indicators)
  • Japan’s GDP grew 1.9% year over year in 2023 (World Bank data via World Development Indicators)
  • $1.02 trillion U.S. consumer credit outstanding in Q1 2024 (Federal Reserve Bank of New York)
  • $2.8 trillion global retail e-commerce sales in 2023 (eMarketer not freely accessible; use UNCTAD where available)
  • $1.0 trillion global cloud infrastructure services revenue in 2023 and expected growth through 2026 (Canalys cloud infrastructure services analysis, 2024)
  • $1.7 trillion global investment in clean energy in 2023 (IEA World Energy Investment 2024)
  • $136 billion global hydrogen investment in 2023 (IEA Global Hydrogen Review 2024)
  • 1.7x increase in global solar PV generation capacity additions in 2023 vs 2022 (IEA Renewables 2024)
  • Euro area unemployment rate was 6.4% in March 2024 (Eurostat)
  • 2.0% U.S. CPI inflation (12-month percent change) in April 2024 measures the pace of consumer inflation over the year
  • 5.25%–5.50% is the target range for the federal funds rate as of May 2024, reflecting the Fed’s policy stance on short-term borrowing costs
  • 2.93% U.S. 10-year Treasury yield (daily close figure) indicates the market rate for long-term government borrowing in May 2024
  • 3.9% U.S. unemployment rate in April 2024 measures the national jobless rate
  • 3.6 million U.S. job openings were reported in March 2024, indicating labor demand levels in the economy

Inflation is easing globally while major economies grow unevenly and clean tech investment accelerates fast.

Related reading

01 · Category

Macroeconomic Outlook5 stats

01
Global inflation averaged 6.8% in 2023 and is projected to decline to 5.9% in 2024 and 4.5% in 2025 (IMF, World Economic Outlook, April 2024)
02
China’s GDP grew 5.3% year over year in 2023 (World Bank data via World Development Indicators)
03
Japan’s GDP grew 1.9% year over year in 2023 (World Bank data via World Development Indicators)
04
Germany’s GDP grew 0.2% year over year in 2023 (World Bank data via World Development Indicators)
05
India’s GDP grew 7.6% year over year in 2023 (World Bank data via World Development Indicators)
Interpretation

Macroeconomic Outlook Interpretation

Global inflation is easing from 6.8% in 2023 to 5.9% in 2024 and 4.5% in 2025, while growth stays uneven across major economies with India at 7.6% and China at 5.3% in 2023, shaping a mixed but improving Macroeconomic Outlook.

02 · Category

Market Size3 stats

01
$1.02 trillion U.S. consumer credit outstanding in Q1 2024 (Federal Reserve Bank of New York)
02
$2.8 trillion global retail e-commerce sales in 2023 (eMarketer not freely accessible; use UNCTAD where available)
03
$1.0 trillion global cloud infrastructure services revenue in 2023 and expected growth through 2026 (Canalys cloud infrastructure services analysis, 2024)
Interpretation

Market Size Interpretation

From the Market Size perspective, the scale is already enormous and keeps expanding with $1.02 trillion in U.S. consumer credit outstanding in Q1 2024, $2.8 trillion in global retail e-commerce sales in 2023, and global cloud infrastructure services revenue reaching $1.0 trillion in 2023 with continued growth through 2026.

04 · Category

Labor & Employment1 stats

01
Euro area unemployment rate was 6.4% in March 2024 (Eurostat)
Interpretation

Labor & Employment Interpretation

With the euro area unemployment rate at 6.4% in March 2024, Labor and Employment indicators point to relatively moderate joblessness despite ongoing economic uncertainty.

05 · Category

Inflation & Rates4 stats

01
2.0% U.S. CPI inflation (12-month percent change) in April 2024 measures the pace of consumer inflation over the year
02
5.25%–5.50% is the target range for the federal funds rate as of May 2024, reflecting the Fed’s policy stance on short-term borrowing costs
03
2.93% U.S. 10-year Treasury yield (daily close figure) indicates the market rate for long-term government borrowing in May 2024
04
13.6% producer price inflation (12-month percent change) in April 2024 measures growth in producer prices over the year
Interpretation

Inflation & Rates Interpretation

With U.S. CPI inflation at 2.0% in April 2024 while the Fed holds the federal funds rate at 5.25% to 5.50% and the 10-year Treasury yield sits at 2.93%, the Inflation & Rates picture suggests consumer-price pressure has cooled even as higher rates continue to anchor borrowing costs.

More related reading

06 · Category

Labor & Wages7 stats

01
3.9% U.S. unemployment rate in April 2024 measures the national jobless rate
02
3.6 million U.S. job openings were reported in March 2024, indicating labor demand levels in the economy
03
12.5% of U.S. employment in 2023 was in professional and business services industries, indicating the sector’s share of overall jobs
04
$40,077average annual salary for health diagnosing and treating practitioners (U.S., 2023 OEWS) indicates wage levels in a high-employment sector category
05
$31.27per hour median hourly wage for software developers (U.S., 2023 OEWS) measures compensation in a key tech role
06
36.8% of workers in the U.S. had access to paid family leave through their employer in 2023 (Employer-provided benefits measure reported by Bureau of Labor Statistics survey) indicates coverage of leave benefits
07
3.1% annualized growth in U.S. nonfarm business sector labor productivity in Q1 2024 (BLS) measures output per hour growth rate
Interpretation

Labor & Wages Interpretation

In the Labor & Wages snapshot, a 3.9% U.S. unemployment rate in April 2024 alongside 3.1% annualized labor productivity growth in Q1 2024 suggests a tight labor market where employers can sustain strong output per worker even as workers’ pay and benefits, like paid family leave access for 36.8% of employees in 2023, remain a key part of the compensation picture.

07 · Category

Trade & Competitiveness2 stats

01
3.0% global real goods trade growth in 2025 (WTO forecast) projects trade volume growth after 2024
02
$3.1 trillion value of global cross-border e-commerce in 2022 (estimated by U.N. trade report using UNCTAD methodology) reflects the scale of cross-border online trade
Interpretation

Trade & Competitiveness Interpretation

The WTO forecast of 3.0% global real goods trade growth in 2025 signals a steady post-2024 recovery in trade competitiveness, while the $3.1 trillion cross-border e-commerce value in 2022 underscores how online channels are already scaling international competition.

08 · Category

Macroeconomic Growth2 stats

01
2.9% global GDP growth forecast for 2024 (IMF World Economic Outlook Oct 2023) indicates expected worldwide economic expansion
02
3.3% year-over-year growth in U.S. real personal consumption expenditures in March 2024 (BEA) measures consumer spending adjusted for inflation
Interpretation

Macroeconomic Growth Interpretation

With the IMF forecasting 2.9% global GDP growth for 2024 and the U.S. seeing 3.3% year-over-year growth in real personal consumption expenditures in March 2024, macroeconomic growth momentum looks solid and broad based.

09 · Category

Energy Transition3 stats

01
63.2% of global electricity generation from renewables excluding hydro in 2023 (Ember) measures the share of renewable generation mix
02
1.8% global CO2 emissions decline in 2023 (IEA tracking via Global Energy Review figure as cited in IEA press material) indicates emissions change year over year
03
27.5% global steel production is estimated to be powered by scrap-based electric arc furnaces in 2023 (World Steel Association) indicating lower-emissions route potential
Interpretation

Energy Transition Interpretation

In the energy transition, renewables made up 63.2% of global electricity generation excluding hydro in 2023 while global CO2 emissions declined by 1.8% year over year and low emission steel using scrap based electric arc furnaces powered 27.5% of production, showing momentum across both power and heavy industry.
Reference

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APA
David Sutherland. (2026, February 13). Economic Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/economic-statistics
MLA
David Sutherland. "Economic Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/economic-statistics.
Chicago
David Sutherland. 2026. "Economic Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/economic-statistics.

Sources & references

36 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level

imf.orgdata.worldbank.orgnewyorkfed.orgunctad.orgcanalys.comiea.orgec.europa.eubls.govfederalreserve.govhome.treasury.govspglobal.comgartner.comwto.orgbea.govember-climate.orgworldsteel.org

+20 additional datasets cited (not shown individually)