Key Takeaways
- In 2023, global surface temperature was approximately 1.48°C above pre-industrial levels, marking the warmest year on record according to the World Meteorological Organization
- Arctic sea ice extent reached a record low of 14.11 million square kilometers in September 2023, 1.65 million square kilometers below the 1981-2010 average, per NSIDC data
- Global CO2 emissions from fossil fuels hit 37.4 GtCO2 in 2023, a 1.1% increase from 2022, according to the Global Carbon Project
- Fully approved COVID-19 vaccines underwent Phase 3 trials with over 100,000 participants collectively, showing 95% efficacy against symptomatic infection for mRNA vaccines in original trials
- VAERS reported 1,004,181 adverse events for COVID-19 vaccines in US as of Dec 2023, but only 18,007 classified as serious deaths under review, CDC
- Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine Phase 3 trial (44,000 participants) had 0.000038% myocarditis rate, lower than background, NEJM
- US firearm homicide rate reached 7.5 per 100,000 in 2021, highest in decades, CDC NVSS
- 48,830 gun-related deaths in US 2021, 54% suicides, 43% homicides, 2% undetermined, CDC WISQARS
- Mass shootings (4+ victims) 646 in 2023, highest on record, Gun Violence Archive
- 2021 US abortion rate 11.0 per 1,000 women aged 15-44, lowest historic, CDC
- 613,383 legal abortions reported in 38 states 2021, down 1% from 2020, Guttmacher-adjusted 930k
- 92% abortions before 13 weeks, 69% medication abortion 2021, CDC
- US unauthorized immigrant population 11 million in 2022, stable since 2007, DHS estimates
- 2.1 million border encounters FY2023, highest ever, CBP
- Asylum grants: 36,600 in FY2022, backlog 1 million cases, EOIR
Climate statistics clearly show worsening environmental crises and successful vaccine outcomes amidst political controversies.
Abortion Rights
- 2021 US abortion rate 11.0 per 1,000 women aged 15-44, lowest historic, CDC
- 613,383 legal abortions reported in 38 states 2021, down 1% from 2020, Guttmacher-adjusted 930k
- 92% abortions before 13 weeks, 69% medication abortion 2021, CDC
- Post-Dobbs 2022: abortions declined 2% nationally but rose 10% in states without bans via telehealth/pills, Guttmacher
- Maternal mortality ratio 32.9 per 100k live births 2021, higher in ban states post-Roe, Commonwealth Fund
- 1 in 4 women will have abortion by age 45, lifetime incidence, Guttmacher 2014-2023
- Abortion complications <0.5%, safer than childbirth (23x riskier), ACOG
- Teen abortion rate 8 per 1,000 15-19yo 2021, down 78% since 1991 peak, CDC
- Self-managed abortion attempts rose 11% post-Dobbs to 26k 2023, mostly pills, ANSIRH study
- Bans correlate with 24% infant mortality increase in TX study 2011-2020, JAMA Pediatrics
- 60% Americans support legal abortion in most/all cases, Gallup 2023
- Rape/incest abortions <1.5% total, CDC 2021
- Interstate travel for abortion: 171k patients 2023, up from 26k 2020, Guttmacher
- Fetal viability median 24 weeks, but 1% abortions after 21 weeks, mostly anomalies, CDC
- Abortion providers: 1,026 clinics 2023, down 2% post-Dobbs, Guttmacher
- Black women 39.5 abortions per 1k, 6x white rate, disparities, CDC 2021
- EU abortion rate avg 9.5 per 1k women, similar to pre-Roe US, WHO Europe
- Late-term abortions (24+ wks) 1.3%, often fatal fetal conditions, Guttmacher
- Post-abortion mental health: No increased risk vs childbirth, APA meta 20 studies
- Medication abortion failures 2-5%, mostly complete without intervention, FDA label
- Dobbs effect: 14 states total bans, abortions dropped 99% there, offset by +26% elsewhere, Society of Family Planning
- Illegal abortions pre-Roe: Estimated 200k-1.2M annually, 5k deaths, Guttmacher history
- 75% abortions to women below 200% poverty line, economic driver, Guttmacher
- Repeat abortions 48% of procedures, contraception gaps, CDC
Abortion Rights Interpretation
Climate Change
- In 2023, global surface temperature was approximately 1.48°C above pre-industrial levels, marking the warmest year on record according to the World Meteorological Organization
- Arctic sea ice extent reached a record low of 14.11 million square kilometers in September 2023, 1.65 million square kilometers below the 1981-2010 average, per NSIDC data
- Global CO2 emissions from fossil fuels hit 37.4 GtCO2 in 2023, a 1.1% increase from 2022, according to the Global Carbon Project
- Sea level rise accelerated to 4.62 mm per year between 2013-2022, compared to 2.1 mm/year from 1993-2002, NASA reports
- Extreme weather events caused $165 billion in damages worldwide in 2022, up 7% from 2021, per Munich Re
- Forest loss in the Brazilian Amazon reached 11,088 km² in 2022, the highest since 2006, according to INPE
- Ocean heat content in the upper 2000m reached a record 436 zettajoules in 2023, NOAA data shows
- Glacial mass loss globally was 267 Gt per year from 2000-2019, contributing 0.74 mm to sea level rise annually, per IPCC AR6
- Coral reefs experienced the third global bleaching event in 2023-2024, affecting 84% of surveyed reefs, NOAA assessment
- Methane concentrations hit 1923 ppb in 2023, 150% above pre-industrial levels, NOAA Mauna Loa observatory
- Wildfires burned 7.8 million acres in the US in 2023, 23% above average, per NIFC
- China's CO2 emissions were 11.9 Gt in 2023, 32% of global total, Carbon Brief analysis
- European heatwaves in 2022 caused 61,000 excess deaths, predominantly among elderly, Nature Medicine study
- Antarctic sea ice hit record low of 1.79 million km² in February 2023, 30% below average, NSIDC
- Global renewable energy capacity reached 3,870 GW in 2023, up 13.5%, IRENA reports
- Crop yield losses due to drought projected at 10-20% by 2050 in sub-Saharan Africa, World Bank
- 3.6 billion people exposed to extreme heat for 20+ days in 2023, up from 2 billion in 1980-2000, World Weather Attribution
- US heat-related deaths averaged 1,700 annually 2016-2022, CDC data
- India's air pollution caused 1.67 million deaths in 2019, 18% of total deaths, Lancet study
- Greenland ice sheet lost 280 Gt of ice in 2023, NASA GRACE-FO
- Hurricane Ian in 2022 caused $112.9 billion in US damages, NOAA billion-dollar disasters
- Global food insecurity affected 783 million people in 2023, FAO, exacerbated by climate
- Permafrost thaw released 600 Mt CO2 equivalent annually, 0.2 GtC, IPCC
- 45% of global population in climate-vulnerable countries, World Bank 2021
- Solar power costs fell 89% since 2010, now cheapest electricity in most places, IRENA
- Floods displaced 20 million people annually average 2010-2019, IDMC
- Ocean acidification increased 30% since industrial revolution, pH drop 0.1 units, NOAA
- 2023 saw 28 billion-dollar disasters in US, second-highest on record, NOAA
- Biodiversity loss: 1 million species threatened, largely climate-driven, IPBES
- EV sales reached 14 million globally in 2023, 18% of new car sales, IEA
Climate Change Interpretation
Gun Violence
- US firearm homicide rate reached 7.5 per 100,000 in 2021, highest in decades, CDC NVSS
- 48,830 gun-related deaths in US 2021, 54% suicides, 43% homicides, 2% undetermined, CDC WISQARS
- Mass shootings (4+ victims) 646 in 2023, highest on record, Gun Violence Archive
- US gun ownership 120.5 firearms per 100 residents, highest globally, Small Arms Survey 2018
- States with strictest gun laws have 52% lower gun death rates, Everytown Research
- 40% of US gun sales 2017-2021 private, no background checks, ATF trace data
- Defensive gun uses 500k-3M annually per surveys, but criticized methodology, CDC estimate 60k-2.5M
- Gun suicides 55% of all suicides, 24k in 2021, higher lethality 85-90%, Harvard Injury Control
- Black Americans 60% of gun homicide victims despite 13% population, 2021 CDC
- Assault weapons bans: Pre-1994 ban correlated with 6.7% drop in gun massacres, DiMaggio study
- Concealed carry permit holders crime rate 1/250-1/6505 general population, lower than police, Florida data
- Children gained access to 1/4 unsecured guns in homes, Pediatrics study
- Parkland shooting: 17 killed, AR-15 used, FBI active shooter 2014-2019 avg 2.6 killed pre, 5.2 post
- Bump stock ban: Used in Las Vegas 2017 killing 60, DOJ rule 2023 struck down SCOTUS
- Stand Your Ground laws associated with 8-11% higher homicide rates, JAMA
- US gun death rate 14.2 per 100k 2021, 25x higher than EU average 0.6, IHME
- 80% of mass public shooters obtained guns legally, Violence Project database 1966-2019
- Safe storage laws reduce youth gun suicides 8-19%, Annals Internal Med
- Mexico: 70% crime guns traced to US, 2022 ATF
- Police shot 1,176 people in 2023, 96% armed, mostly guns, Mapping Police Violence
- Universal background checks: 22 states, 15% lower gun homicide rates, RAND meta
- Ghost guns used in 25% ATF traces 2021, unserialized
- Women: 51% intimate partner homicides by gun 2019-2023, avg 1/day, Everytown
- Right-to-carry laws increase violent crime 13-15%, Donohue study 1977-2006
- School shootings 346 in 2023, 82 injuries, 50 deaths K-12, CHDS
- US homicide rate fell 12% 2023 to 5.7 per 100k, but gun homicides still high, CDC provisional
Gun Violence Interpretation
Immigration Policies
- US unauthorized immigrant population 11 million in 2022, stable since 2007, DHS estimates
- 2.1 million border encounters FY2023, highest ever, CBP
- Asylum grants: 36,600 in FY2022, backlog 1 million cases, EOIR
- Undocumented contribute $35.1 billion taxes annually, no refunds, ITEP 2022
- 44% unauthorized from Mexico, down from 63% 2007, MPI
- Deportations: 142k FY2023, 90% recent crossers, ICE
- DACA 580k active 2023, avg age 32, economic contrib $46B, NILC
- H-1B visas 85k annual cap, 483k applications FY2024, USCIS lottery
- TPS beneficiaries 900k from 17 countries 2023, DHS
- Family separations under Trump zero-tolerance: 5,500 children 2018, HHS
- Green cards: 1M annually, 58% family-based, backlog 4M for India/China, DOS
- Remittances from US migrants $79B to Mexico 2023, 4% GDP, Banxico
- Sanctuary cities: 600+ jurisdictions, lower crime rates per study, CAP
- Border wall: 458 miles built 2017-2021, $15B cost, CBP
- Visa overstays 666k in 2020, 62% of unauthorized additions, DHS
- Refugee admissions 60k cap FY2024, 125k arrivals since 2021 Afghans/Ukrainians, State Dept
- EB-5 investor visas: 10k annual, $800k min, fraud issues 20% denials, USCIS
- Gotaways FY2023: 670k evaded capture, CBP estimate
- Naturalizations 969k in FY2023, highest since 2008, USCIS
Immigration Policies Interpretation
Vaccine Controversies
- Fully approved COVID-19 vaccines underwent Phase 3 trials with over 100,000 participants collectively, showing 95% efficacy against symptomatic infection for mRNA vaccines in original trials
- VAERS reported 1,004,181 adverse events for COVID-19 vaccines in US as of Dec 2023, but only 18,007 classified as serious deaths under review, CDC
- Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine Phase 3 trial (44,000 participants) had 0.000038% myocarditis rate, lower than background, NEJM
- mRNA COVID vaccines prevented an estimated 14.4 million deaths globally in first year, Lancet study modeling
- Excess mortality in highly vaccinated countries like Portugal was -17.3% below expected in 2022, vs +13.8% in low-vax Eastern Europe, BMJ Public Health
- Myocarditis risk after mRNA vaccine: 5.76 cases per million second doses in males 16-17yo, vs 0.84 per million COVID infections, CDC MMWR
- No evidence of fertility impact; COVID vax uptake 70% among pregnant women, no increased miscarriage risk, NEJM study 35k women
- Vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization waned to 46% at 6 months for Delta, boosted to 91%, NEJM
- Spike protein from mRNA vaccines clears in 10-15 days, no accumulation in ovaries, FDA biodistribution study
- 99.7% of US COVID deaths post-vaccine rollout were unvaccinated or unknown status, CDC Dec 2021 data
- VAERS death reports for COVID vax 0.0022% of doses administered as of 2023, background rate 0.002%, Harvard Pilgrim study context
- J&J vaccine linked to 9 cases of TTS per million doses in women under 50, paused but rare 1 in 250k overall, CDC
- Israel: 91% reduction in symptomatic infections 7 days post-second dose, Pfizer real-world, NEJM
- Guillain-Barré syndrome rate 1.7 excess cases per million after J&J, vs 0.8 per million flu vax, JAMA
- mRNA vaccines associated with 1.36x higher miscarriage rate in first trimester per some meta-analysis claims, but refuted by larger studies showing no increase, Vaccine journal
- UK Yellow Card: 1 in 156 adverse reactions reported for COVID vax, but underreporting factor 10-100x, MHRA
- Booster effectiveness vs Omicron hospitalization 67% at 2 months waning to 46% at 4 months, NEJM Israel data
- No DNA integration risk from mRNA vaccines, as confirmed by FDA/EU regulators
- US: Unvaccinated 14x more likely to die from COVID than boosted, CDC Nov 2022
- 469 million COVID vax doses in UK by 2023, prevented 159k deaths, UKHSA modeling
- Anaphylaxis rate 2.5-11.1 per million mRNA doses, treatable, CDC
- Vaccine mandates led to 4.6% higher vax rates in military, but 20% discharges for refusal, DoD data
- Long COVID risk 50% lower in vaccinated vs unvaccinated, meta-analysis 1.2M patients, Lancet
- Excess deaths 2022 US: 13% above baseline despite 70% vax rate, some attribute to vax, others COVID/lockdowns, CDC WONDER
- Pfizer trial: 15 deaths in vaccine group, 14 placebo, balanced, but post-marketing scrutiny
- Global vax hesitancy 25% in 2023 surveys, WHO
Vaccine Controversies Interpretation
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