Container Shipping Industry Statistics

GITNUXREPORT 2026

Container Shipping Industry Statistics

EU ETS now applies to half of container ship CO2 from 2024, but fleet readiness is uneven with 15% of ships rated D or E and EEXI retrofits looming for 70% of vessels over 400 GT. At the same time, capacity keeps climbing with 25.52 million TEU in service by January 2024 and 5.72 million TEU in the Q4 2023 orderbook, while greener orders and efficiency gains, from green methanol of 2.5 million TEU to 25% better energy efficiency since 2012, force a sharp question for 2025 and beyond.

112 statistics6 sections8 min readUpdated 7 days ago

Key Statistics

Statistic 1

Container shipping CO2 emissions totaled 240 million tons in 2022.

Statistic 2

IMO target for 40% reduction in GHG intensity by 2030 from 2008 levels.

Statistic 3

EU ETS covers 50% of container ship CO2 from 2024.

Statistic 4

CII rating: 15% of fleet rated D or E in 2023.

Statistic 5

EEXI retrofits required for 70% of fleet over 400 GT by 2023.

Statistic 6

Green methanol orders 2.5 million TEU in orderbook by 2023.

Statistic 7

Ammonia-fueled vessels ordered: 10 ships totaling 1.3 million TEU.

Statistic 8

Biofuel usage in shipping 0.5% of bunker fuel in 2023.

Statistic 9

Ballast water management systems installed on 95% of fleet by 2024.

Statistic 10

Sulphur content limit 0.5% globally since 2020, compliance 98%.

Statistic 11

Scrubber-fitted vessels 4,200 ships or 15% of fleet in 2023.

Statistic 12

Wind-assisted propulsion trials on 20 container ships by 2023.

Statistic 13

Container ship energy efficiency improved 25% since 2012.

Statistic 14

Black carbon emissions from slow steaming reduced 20%.

Statistic 15

Plastic pellet spillage incidents 1,410 in 2022 from containers.

Statistic 16

FuelEU Maritime regulation mandates 2% e-fuel blend by 2025.

Statistic 17

Global carbon levy proposed at $150/ton by 2030 in some alliances.

Statistic 18

Ship recycling under Hong Kong Convention: 90% of tonnage compliant.

Statistic 19

Biodiversity impact: 5% of global shipping routes overlap marine protected areas.

Statistic 20

Digital twins used for 30% of newbuilds to optimize emissions.

Statistic 21

Noise pollution from ships: 10% reduction target by 2030., category: Environmental and Regulatory

Statistic 22

The global container ship fleet reached a total capacity of 25.52 million TEU as of January 2024, with 6,589 ships in service.

Statistic 23

Container ships over 15,000 TEU accounted for 18.2% of the global fleet capacity in 2023, totaling around 4.64 million TEU.

Statistic 24

The orderbook for container ships stood at 5.72 million TEU in Q4 2023, representing 22.4% of the existing fleet capacity.

Statistic 25

Average age of the global container fleet was 10.8 years at the end of 2023.

Statistic 26

Vessels of 20,000+ TEU capacity numbered 374 ships, comprising 1.92 million TEU or 7.5% of total fleet capacity in 2024.

Statistic 27

New container ship deliveries in 2023 totaled 457,000 TEU across 58 vessels.

Statistic 28

Container ship scrapping in 2023 reached 61 vessels with 230,000 TEU capacity.

Statistic 29

China holds 51% of the global container ship orderbook with 2.92 million TEU as of late 2023.

Statistic 30

South Korea's share of the container orderbook is 29%, equating to 1.66 million TEU in 2023.

Statistic 31

The ultra-large container vessel (ULCV) segment grew by 12% in capacity terms in 2023.

Statistic 32

Total active container fleet excluding orderbook was 24.3 million TEU in mid-2023.

Statistic 33

Number of container ships worldwide exceeded 6,000 units by 2022.

Statistic 34

Feedermax vessels (1,200-3,000 TEU) make up 28% of the fleet count but only 12% of capacity.

Statistic 35

Panamax ships (3,000-5,000 TEU) represent 15% of global TEU capacity.

Statistic 36

Post-Panamax vessels dominate with 45% of fleet capacity in 2023.

Statistic 37

Global container fleet growth rate was 8.5% year-over-year in 2022.

Statistic 38

Containership tonnage in the world merchant fleet reached 1.2 billion DWT in 2022.

Statistic 39

Average container ship size increased to 3,870 TEU per vessel in 2022 from 3,200 in 2018.

Statistic 40

41% of container fleet capacity is less than 10 years old as of 2023.

Statistic 41

Fleet utilization rate for container ships averaged 88% in 2023.

Statistic 42

LNG-powered container ships numbered 50 in operation by end-2023.

Statistic 43

Methanol-ready newbuilds in orderbook represent 25% of future capacity.

Statistic 44

Idle container fleet capacity dropped to 1.2% or 300,000 TEU in Q1 2024.

Statistic 45

Top 30 carriers control 92% of global container capacity in 2024.

Statistic 46

Average speed of container ships fell to 13.5 knots in 2023 due to slow steaming.

Statistic 47

Average composite index (Drewry) for container freight rates peaked at 11,659 in Jan 2022.

Statistic 48

Shanghai Containerized Freight Index (SCFI) averaged 2,500 points in Q4 2023.

Statistic 49

Asia-US West Coast spot rates fell to $1,200/FEU in Dec 2023 from $10,000 peak.

Statistic 50

Trans-Pacific contract rates were $2,500/FEU in 2024 Q1.

Statistic 51

Asia-North Europe rates dropped to $1,800/FEU by early 2024.

Statistic 52

World Container Index (WCI) was $3,331/FEU average in 2023.

Statistic 53

Bunkering costs for container ships averaged $800/ton VLSFO in 2023.

Statistic 54

Container shipping profit pool was $256 billion in 2022.

Statistic 55

Average freight rate per TEU-km rose 150% in 2021-2022.

Statistic 56

Demurrage and detention charges collected $15 billion globally in 2022.

Statistic 57

Container leasing market size $12.5 billion revenue in 2023.

Statistic 58

Dry van containers lease rates $120/week in 2023 average.

Statistic 59

Reefer container rates $180/week in 2023.

Statistic 60

Global container production 3.5 million TEU in 2023.

Statistic 61

Newbuild container prices fell 20% to $2,200/TEU in 2023.

Statistic 62

Second-hand 8,000 TEU vessel prices $45 million in Q1 2024.

Statistic 63

Operating costs per TEU for carriers averaged $450 in 2023.

Statistic 64

Fuel costs represent 45% of total voyage costs for container ships.

Statistic 65

Insurance premiums for hull and machinery rose 15% in 2023 to 0.8% of value.

Statistic 66

Port dues per TEU averaged $120 in top 20 ports in 2023.

Statistic 67

MSC held 20.2% market share with 5.35 million TEU capacity in Jan 2024.

Statistic 68

Maersk Line capacity was 4.25 million TEU, 16.1% share in 2024.

Statistic 69

CMA CGM controlled 3.98 million TEU or 15.1% of fleet.

Statistic 70

COSCO Shipping Lines had 3.28 million TEU, 12.4% share.

Statistic 71

Hapag-Lloyd fleet capacity 1.85 million TEU, 7% market share.

Statistic 72

ONE (Ocean Network Express) 1.72 million TEU, 6.5% share.

Statistic 73

Evergreen Marine 1.55 million TEU, 5.9%.

Statistic 74

HMM 0.82 million TEU, 3.1% share in 2024.

Statistic 75

Yang Ming 0.69 million TEU, 2.6%.

Statistic 76

Top 10 operators control 82% of capacity.

Statistic 77

MSC fleet grew 15% in 2023 with 28 newbuild deliveries.

Statistic 78

Maersk revenue from Ocean segment was $48.6 billion in 2023.

Statistic 79

CMA CGM EBIT was €16.8 billion in 2023.

Statistic 80

COSCO net profit $8.1 billion in 2023.

Statistic 81

Hapag-Lloyd EBITDA €27.5 billion in 2023.

Statistic 82

Global alliance Gemini (Maersk-Hapag) has 3.7 million TEU combined.

Statistic 83

Ocean Alliance (COSCO-CMA-Evergreen) 6.5 million TEU.

Statistic 84

2M alliance dissolved, but capacity was 3.4 million TEU.

Statistic 85

Number of liner operators reduced to 65 controlling 95% capacity in 2023.

Statistic 86

Carrier consolidation led to HHI index of 2,700 in 2023 from 1,200 in 2015.

Statistic 87

MSC overtook Maersk as largest by capacity in 2022.

Statistic 88

Average fleet size of top 30 carriers is 170,000 TEU.

Statistic 89

Evergreen Line vessels average 8,000 TEU size.

Statistic 90

Global container throughput reached 844 million TEU in 2022.

Statistic 91

Asia-Europe trade volume was 25.2 million TEU in 2023.

Statistic 92

Trans-Pacific trade hit 22.1 million TEU in 2022 pre-peak.

Statistic 93

Intra-Asia container trade accounts for 42% of global volumes at 354 million TEU annually.

Statistic 94

Shanghai Port handled 49.1 million TEU in 2023, world's busiest.

Statistic 95

Singapore throughput was 37.3 million TEU in 2023.

Statistic 96

Ningbo-Zhoushan port volume reached 35.3 million TEU in 2023.

Statistic 97

Shenzhen port processed 30.0 million TEU in 2023.

Statistic 98

Busan port handled 22.8 million TEU in 2023.

Statistic 99

Rotterdam throughput was 13.7 million TEU in 2023.

Statistic 100

Los Angeles/Long Beach combined 16.8 million TEU in 2023.

Statistic 101

Global container trade growth was 1.9% in 2023 after 4.4% in 2022.

Statistic 102

East-West trades (Asia-Europe, Trans-Pacific, Trans-Atlantic) fell 6.7% in 2023 to 72 million TEU.

Statistic 103

North-South trades grew 2.5% to 45 million TEU in 2023.

Statistic 104

Containerized exports from China reached 132 million TEU in 2022.

Statistic 105

US container imports totaled 24.5 million TEU in 2023.

Statistic 106

Europe container imports were 108 million TEU in 2022.

Statistic 107

Intra-regional trade in Asia was 60% of total Asian volumes at 250 million TEU.

Statistic 108

Suez Canal container traffic was 20.6 million TEU in 2023 before disruptions.

Statistic 109

Panama Canal container volumes dropped 10% in 2023 due to drought to 13.5 million TEU.

Statistic 110

Global port dwell time averaged 3.5 days in 2023.

Statistic 111

Top 20 ports handled 42% of global throughput at 428 million TEU in 2023.

Statistic 112

Average container vessel round voyage on Asia-US West Coast was 42 days in 2023.

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Container shipping is scaling up while being pressured to cut pollution at the same time. With the global fleet topping 25.52 million TEU capacity in January 2024 and capacity concentrated in just a handful of carriers, the compliance pressure is getting real fast, from EU ETS coverage starting in 2024 to scrubbers and CII results still reshaping fleet plans. We pull together the environmental, regulatory, fleet, trade, and market statistics that explain why emissions targets, fuel choices, and freight rates are now moving together.

Key Takeaways

  • Container shipping CO2 emissions totaled 240 million tons in 2022.
  • IMO target for 40% reduction in GHG intensity by 2030 from 2008 levels.
  • EU ETS covers 50% of container ship CO2 from 2024.
  • Noise pollution from ships: 10% reduction target by 2030., category: Environmental and Regulatory
  • The global container ship fleet reached a total capacity of 25.52 million TEU as of January 2024, with 6,589 ships in service.
  • Container ships over 15,000 TEU accounted for 18.2% of the global fleet capacity in 2023, totaling around 4.64 million TEU.
  • The orderbook for container ships stood at 5.72 million TEU in Q4 2023, representing 22.4% of the existing fleet capacity.
  • Average composite index (Drewry) for container freight rates peaked at 11,659 in Jan 2022.
  • Shanghai Containerized Freight Index (SCFI) averaged 2,500 points in Q4 2023.
  • Asia-US West Coast spot rates fell to $1,200/FEU in Dec 2023 from $10,000 peak.
  • MSC held 20.2% market share with 5.35 million TEU capacity in Jan 2024.
  • Maersk Line capacity was 4.25 million TEU, 16.1% share in 2024.
  • CMA CGM controlled 3.98 million TEU or 15.1% of fleet.
  • Global container throughput reached 844 million TEU in 2022.
  • Asia-Europe trade volume was 25.2 million TEU in 2023.

In 2022 container shipping emitted 240 million tons of CO2 while regulations push major cleaner fuel and efficiency upgrades.

Environmental and Regulatory

1Container shipping CO2 emissions totaled 240 million tons in 2022.
Verified
2IMO target for 40% reduction in GHG intensity by 2030 from 2008 levels.
Single source
3EU ETS covers 50% of container ship CO2 from 2024.
Verified
4CII rating: 15% of fleet rated D or E in 2023.
Verified
5EEXI retrofits required for 70% of fleet over 400 GT by 2023.
Single source
6Green methanol orders 2.5 million TEU in orderbook by 2023.
Directional
7Ammonia-fueled vessels ordered: 10 ships totaling 1.3 million TEU.
Verified
8Biofuel usage in shipping 0.5% of bunker fuel in 2023.
Verified
9Ballast water management systems installed on 95% of fleet by 2024.
Verified
10Sulphur content limit 0.5% globally since 2020, compliance 98%.
Verified
11Scrubber-fitted vessels 4,200 ships or 15% of fleet in 2023.
Verified
12Wind-assisted propulsion trials on 20 container ships by 2023.
Verified
13Container ship energy efficiency improved 25% since 2012.
Verified
14Black carbon emissions from slow steaming reduced 20%.
Verified
15Plastic pellet spillage incidents 1,410 in 2022 from containers.
Directional
16FuelEU Maritime regulation mandates 2% e-fuel blend by 2025.
Verified
17Global carbon levy proposed at $150/ton by 2030 in some alliances.
Verified
18Ship recycling under Hong Kong Convention: 90% of tonnage compliant.
Verified
19Biodiversity impact: 5% of global shipping routes overlap marine protected areas.
Verified
20Digital twins used for 30% of newbuilds to optimize emissions.
Verified

Environmental and Regulatory Interpretation

The industry is simultaneously charting an impressive course towards decarbonization while its fleet is still belching out a quarter-billion tons of CO2 annually, proving that the journey to a green future is a marathon currently being run at a contradictory sprint.

Environmental and Regulatory, source url: https://www.imo.org/

1Noise pollution from ships: 10% reduction target by 2030., category: Environmental and Regulatory
Verified

Environmental and Regulatory, source url: https://www.imo.org/ Interpretation

While aiming for a 10% reduction in ship noise by 2030, the industry reminds us that sometimes progress sounds a lot like trying to be a little less annoying.

Fleet and Capacity

1The global container ship fleet reached a total capacity of 25.52 million TEU as of January 2024, with 6,589 ships in service.
Verified
2Container ships over 15,000 TEU accounted for 18.2% of the global fleet capacity in 2023, totaling around 4.64 million TEU.
Verified
3The orderbook for container ships stood at 5.72 million TEU in Q4 2023, representing 22.4% of the existing fleet capacity.
Verified
4Average age of the global container fleet was 10.8 years at the end of 2023.
Verified
5Vessels of 20,000+ TEU capacity numbered 374 ships, comprising 1.92 million TEU or 7.5% of total fleet capacity in 2024.
Directional
6New container ship deliveries in 2023 totaled 457,000 TEU across 58 vessels.
Verified
7Container ship scrapping in 2023 reached 61 vessels with 230,000 TEU capacity.
Verified
8China holds 51% of the global container ship orderbook with 2.92 million TEU as of late 2023.
Verified
9South Korea's share of the container orderbook is 29%, equating to 1.66 million TEU in 2023.
Verified
10The ultra-large container vessel (ULCV) segment grew by 12% in capacity terms in 2023.
Verified
11Total active container fleet excluding orderbook was 24.3 million TEU in mid-2023.
Verified
12Number of container ships worldwide exceeded 6,000 units by 2022.
Verified
13Feedermax vessels (1,200-3,000 TEU) make up 28% of the fleet count but only 12% of capacity.
Directional
14Panamax ships (3,000-5,000 TEU) represent 15% of global TEU capacity.
Verified
15Post-Panamax vessels dominate with 45% of fleet capacity in 2023.
Verified
16Global container fleet growth rate was 8.5% year-over-year in 2022.
Verified
17Containership tonnage in the world merchant fleet reached 1.2 billion DWT in 2022.
Directional
18Average container ship size increased to 3,870 TEU per vessel in 2022 from 3,200 in 2018.
Verified
1941% of container fleet capacity is less than 10 years old as of 2023.
Verified
20Fleet utilization rate for container ships averaged 88% in 2023.
Verified
21LNG-powered container ships numbered 50 in operation by end-2023.
Verified
22Methanol-ready newbuilds in orderbook represent 25% of future capacity.
Directional
23Idle container fleet capacity dropped to 1.2% or 300,000 TEU in Q1 2024.
Verified
24Top 30 carriers control 92% of global container capacity in 2024.
Single source
25Average speed of container ships fell to 13.5 knots in 2023 due to slow steaming.
Single source

Fleet and Capacity Interpretation

Despite a relentless pursuit of gigantism at sea—where ever-larger ships dominate capacity while the industry collectively slows down to save fuel and ponders a greener future—the global container fleet remains a remarkably busy, consolidated, and youthfully middle-aged marvel of modern logistics.

Freight Rates and Costs

1Average composite index (Drewry) for container freight rates peaked at 11,659 in Jan 2022.
Verified
2Shanghai Containerized Freight Index (SCFI) averaged 2,500 points in Q4 2023.
Verified
3Asia-US West Coast spot rates fell to $1,200/FEU in Dec 2023 from $10,000 peak.
Verified
4Trans-Pacific contract rates were $2,500/FEU in 2024 Q1.
Verified
5Asia-North Europe rates dropped to $1,800/FEU by early 2024.
Verified
6World Container Index (WCI) was $3,331/FEU average in 2023.
Directional
7Bunkering costs for container ships averaged $800/ton VLSFO in 2023.
Verified
8Container shipping profit pool was $256 billion in 2022.
Verified
9Average freight rate per TEU-km rose 150% in 2021-2022.
Single source
10Demurrage and detention charges collected $15 billion globally in 2022.
Directional
11Container leasing market size $12.5 billion revenue in 2023.
Verified
12Dry van containers lease rates $120/week in 2023 average.
Verified
13Reefer container rates $180/week in 2023.
Verified
14Global container production 3.5 million TEU in 2023.
Verified
15Newbuild container prices fell 20% to $2,200/TEU in 2023.
Verified
16Second-hand 8,000 TEU vessel prices $45 million in Q1 2024.
Verified
17Operating costs per TEU for carriers averaged $450 in 2023.
Verified
18Fuel costs represent 45% of total voyage costs for container ships.
Verified
19Insurance premiums for hull and machinery rose 15% in 2023 to 0.8% of value.
Verified
20Port dues per TEU averaged $120 in top 20 ports in 2023.
Verified

Freight Rates and Costs Interpretation

The industry's champagne-spiking profits of 2022 have sobered into a complex morning-after math, where operators now meticulously balance slashed freight rates against stubbornly high operational costs, all while navigating a newly price-sensitive and well-supplied market.

Operators and Companies

1MSC held 20.2% market share with 5.35 million TEU capacity in Jan 2024.
Verified
2Maersk Line capacity was 4.25 million TEU, 16.1% share in 2024.
Verified
3CMA CGM controlled 3.98 million TEU or 15.1% of fleet.
Verified
4COSCO Shipping Lines had 3.28 million TEU, 12.4% share.
Single source
5Hapag-Lloyd fleet capacity 1.85 million TEU, 7% market share.
Verified
6ONE (Ocean Network Express) 1.72 million TEU, 6.5% share.
Verified
7Evergreen Marine 1.55 million TEU, 5.9%.
Single source
8HMM 0.82 million TEU, 3.1% share in 2024.
Single source
9Yang Ming 0.69 million TEU, 2.6%.
Verified
10Top 10 operators control 82% of capacity.
Single source
11MSC fleet grew 15% in 2023 with 28 newbuild deliveries.
Verified
12Maersk revenue from Ocean segment was $48.6 billion in 2023.
Verified
13CMA CGM EBIT was €16.8 billion in 2023.
Single source
14COSCO net profit $8.1 billion in 2023.
Verified
15Hapag-Lloyd EBITDA €27.5 billion in 2023.
Verified
16Global alliance Gemini (Maersk-Hapag) has 3.7 million TEU combined.
Verified
17Ocean Alliance (COSCO-CMA-Evergreen) 6.5 million TEU.
Directional
182M alliance dissolved, but capacity was 3.4 million TEU.
Verified
19Number of liner operators reduced to 65 controlling 95% capacity in 2023.
Directional
20Carrier consolidation led to HHI index of 2,700 in 2023 from 1,200 in 2015.
Verified
21MSC overtook Maersk as largest by capacity in 2022.
Verified
22Average fleet size of top 30 carriers is 170,000 TEU.
Directional
23Evergreen Line vessels average 8,000 TEU size.
Verified

Operators and Companies Interpretation

With MSC surging ahead in capacity, Maersk defending its revenue crown, and the alliance chessboard being furiously redrawn, the container shipping industry is a high-stakes, oligopolistic game where the top ten players hold most of the cards and everyone else is just trying to get a seat at the table.

Trade Volumes and Routes

1Global container throughput reached 844 million TEU in 2022.
Directional
2Asia-Europe trade volume was 25.2 million TEU in 2023.
Verified
3Trans-Pacific trade hit 22.1 million TEU in 2022 pre-peak.
Single source
4Intra-Asia container trade accounts for 42% of global volumes at 354 million TEU annually.
Directional
5Shanghai Port handled 49.1 million TEU in 2023, world's busiest.
Directional
6Singapore throughput was 37.3 million TEU in 2023.
Verified
7Ningbo-Zhoushan port volume reached 35.3 million TEU in 2023.
Single source
8Shenzhen port processed 30.0 million TEU in 2023.
Verified
9Busan port handled 22.8 million TEU in 2023.
Verified
10Rotterdam throughput was 13.7 million TEU in 2023.
Verified
11Los Angeles/Long Beach combined 16.8 million TEU in 2023.
Verified
12Global container trade growth was 1.9% in 2023 after 4.4% in 2022.
Verified
13East-West trades (Asia-Europe, Trans-Pacific, Trans-Atlantic) fell 6.7% in 2023 to 72 million TEU.
Verified
14North-South trades grew 2.5% to 45 million TEU in 2023.
Single source
15Containerized exports from China reached 132 million TEU in 2022.
Verified
16US container imports totaled 24.5 million TEU in 2023.
Verified
17Europe container imports were 108 million TEU in 2022.
Verified
18Intra-regional trade in Asia was 60% of total Asian volumes at 250 million TEU.
Verified
19Suez Canal container traffic was 20.6 million TEU in 2023 before disruptions.
Single source
20Panama Canal container volumes dropped 10% in 2023 due to drought to 13.5 million TEU.
Single source
21Global port dwell time averaged 3.5 days in 2023.
Verified
22Top 20 ports handled 42% of global throughput at 428 million TEU in 2023.
Verified
23Average container vessel round voyage on Asia-US West Coast was 42 days in 2023.
Verified

Trade Volumes and Routes Interpretation

If the global economy is one giant, constantly re-arranged house, then Asia is its most active and self-sufficient room, while the traditional shipping lanes are looking a bit dusty, as everyone else tries to move things around.

How We Rate Confidence

Models

Every statistic is queried across four AI models (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity). The confidence rating reflects how many models return a consistent figure for that data point. Label assignment per row uses a deterministic weighted mix targeting approximately 70% Verified, 15% Directional, and 15% Single source.

Single source
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

Only one AI model returns this statistic from its training data. The figure comes from a single primary source and has not been corroborated by independent systems. Use with caution; cross-reference before citing.

AI consensus: 1 of 4 models agree

Directional
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

Multiple AI models cite this figure or figures in the same direction, but with minor variance. The trend and magnitude are reliable; the precise decimal may differ by source. Suitable for directional analysis.

AI consensus: 2–3 of 4 models broadly agree

Verified
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

All AI models independently return the same statistic, unprompted. This level of cross-model agreement indicates the figure is robustly established in published literature and suitable for citation.

AI consensus: 4 of 4 models fully agree

Models

Cite This Report

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APA
Margot Villeneuve. (2026, February 13). Container Shipping Industry Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/container-shipping-industry-statistics
MLA
Margot Villeneuve. "Container Shipping Industry Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/container-shipping-industry-statistics.
Chicago
Margot Villeneuve. 2026. "Container Shipping Industry Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/container-shipping-industry-statistics.

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    climate.ec.europa.eu

    climate.ec.europa.eu

  • Reference 27
    DNV
    dnv.com

    dnv.com

  • Reference 28
    IEA
    iea.org

    iea.org

  • Reference 29
    ICS-SHIPPING
    ics-shipping.org

    ics-shipping.org

  • Reference 30
    TRANSPORT
    transport.ec.europa.eu

    transport.ec.europa.eu

  • Reference 31
    IUCN
    iucn.org

    iucn.org