In a world where malnutrition silently stalks both the underweight and the overweight, affecting nearly half of all children under five with devastating consequences, understanding child nutrition is not just about what's on the plate—it's about securing our collective future.
Key Takeaways
- Globally, 148.1 million children under age five were stunted in 2022, a condition reflecting chronic undernutrition and impaired growth.
- In 2022, 45 million children under five suffered from wasting, an acute form of malnutrition indicating severe weight loss relative to height.
- 376 million children under five experienced moderate or severe stunting in low- and middle-income countries as of 2020 estimates.
- In the United States, childhood obesity prevalence among ages 2-19 was 20.7% from 2017-2020.
- Globally, 39 million children under five were overweight or obese in 2022.
- In Europe, 29 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 were living with obesity in 2022.
- Globally, vitamin A deficiency affects 190 million preschool children, increasing infection risks.
- Iodine deficiency disorders impact 30% of the world's population, severely affecting child brain development.
- 40% of children under five worldwide have anemia, mostly due to iron deficiency.
- Globally, exclusive breastfeeding rates for first 6 months are 44% as of 2022.
- In South Asia, only 58% of infants under six months are exclusively breastfed.
- Early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth occurs in 73% of newborns globally.
- Globally, household food insecurity affects 2.4 billion people, 733 million undernourished.
- In 2022, 258 million people in 58 countries faced acute food insecurity, many children.
- 828 million people faced hunger in 2021, with children comprising 26% of undernourished.
Millions of children worldwide suffer from both undernutrition and rising obesity rates.
Breastfeeding Practices
- Globally, exclusive breastfeeding rates for first 6 months are 44% as of 2022.
- In South Asia, only 58% of infants under six months are exclusively breastfed.
- Early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth occurs in 73% of newborns globally.
- Continued breastfeeding rates at 1 year are 74% worldwide in 2022.
- In sub-Saharan Africa, exclusive breastfeeding rate is 39% for under-six-month-olds.
- Only 15% of infants globally receive skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth for breastfeeding support.
- Breast milk provides 90% of nutritional needs for first six months of life.
- In high-income countries, exclusive breastfeeding drops to 37% by three months.
- Bangladesh achieved 88% early initiation of breastfeeding in 2022 NFHS.
- Globally, 7.6 million infants under six months are not exclusively breastfed.
- Continued breastfeeding to two years with complementary foods is practiced by 51% globally.
- In East Asia, exclusive breastfeeding rate is 31% for first six months.
- US breastfeeding initiation rate is 83% but exclusive at six months is 25%.
- Rwanda has 87% exclusive breastfeeding rate, highest in Africa 2022.
- Prelacteal feeding is given to 28% of newborns globally, hindering breastfeeding.
- In Latin America, 53% of infants are exclusively breastfed first six months.
- Breastfeeding averts 823,000 child deaths and 20,000 breast cancer cases yearly.
- Ethiopia's exclusive breastfeeding rate rose to 59% in 2019 EDHS.
- Globally, 78 million infants miss early breastfeeding initiation annually.
- In Europe, exclusive breastfeeding at six months is below 20% average.
- India improved exclusive breastfeeding to 63.7% in NFHS-5 2019-21.
- Neonatal mortality drops 44% with early breastfeeding initiation.
- In Pacific Islands, 50% exclusive breastfeeding rate for six months.
- UK exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks is 31% in 2022.
- Globally, optimal breastfeeding could save 820,000 lives under five yearly.
- In West Asia, early initiation is 70% but exclusive drops to 35%.
- Australia has 39% exclusive breastfeeding at three months.
- Globally, 45% of children 6-23 months receive minimum acceptable diet with breastfeeding.
- In Nigeria, exclusive breastfeeding is 29% despite 62% initiation.
- Breastfeeding promotion policies cover 60% of countries adequately.
- In 2022, 96 countries had maternity protection legislation supporting breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding Practices Interpretation
We are a world that brilliantly masters the crucial first hour of breastfeeding initiation, yet tragically fumbles the follow-through, leaving a patchwork of life-saving potential unrealized and millions of infants without the exclusive nutritional shield they deserve.
Food Security and Access
- Globally, household food insecurity affects 2.4 billion people, 733 million undernourished.
- In 2022, 258 million people in 58 countries faced acute food insecurity, many children.
- 828 million people faced hunger in 2021, with children comprising 26% of undernourished.
- In low-income countries, 20.1% of population was undernourished in 2022.
- Food price inflation reached 14.3% globally in 2022, impacting child diets.
- 149 million children under five stunted partly due to food insecurity.
- In conflict zones, 60% of acutely hungry people are children under 18.
- US child food insecurity affected 13.4 million children in 2021.
- Globally, 9.2% of world population moderately or severely food insecure in 2022.
- In Sub-Saharan Africa, 23% undernourishment prevalence in 2022.
- School feeding programs reach 408 million children in 161 countries.
- Climate shocks displaced 32.6 million people, worsening child food access in 2022.
- In Asia, 418 million undernourished, affecting millions of children.
- COVID-19 pushed 83-132 million more into hunger, impacting child nutrition.
- In Latin America, 47 million undernourished in 2022, child rates rising.
- 350 million people in food crisis in 2023, half children under 18.
- In fragile states, 57.8% of children under five stunted from insecurity.
- US SNAP benefits serve 41 million, including 20 million children monthly.
- Globally, 2.8 billion lacked access to safe nutritious food in 2021.
- In Middle East/North Africa, 17.7% undernourishment in 2022.
- WFP provided food to 158 million people in 2022, prioritizing children.
- Gender gap: Women 10% more likely food insecure, affecting child feeding.
- In 2022, 735 million faced hunger, up from 631 million pre-pandemic.
- Child wasting linked to food insecurity rose 25% in some regions 2020-2022.
- In Europe/Central Asia, child poverty drives 15% food insecurity rates.
- Global cost of healthy diet unaffordable for 3.1 billion in 2021.
- In small island states, 10.8% undernourishment from import reliance.
Food Security and Access Interpretation
It is a grim and frankly absurd math that in a world of such abundance, we have engineered a global childhood where malnutrition is a leading cause of stunting for nearly 150 million children, conflict makes kids the majority of the starving, and inflation politely prices them out of a meal.
Global Undernutrition
- Globally, 148.1 million children under age five were stunted in 2022, a condition reflecting chronic undernutrition and impaired growth.
- In 2022, 45 million children under five suffered from wasting, an acute form of malnutrition indicating severe weight loss relative to height.
- 376 million children under five experienced moderate or severe stunting in low- and middle-income countries as of 2020 estimates.
- Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest stunting rate at 30.7% among children under five in 2022.
- In South Asia, 31% of children under five were stunted due to poor nutrition and repeated infections in 2022.
- Globally, 9 million children under five had severe wasting in 2022, increasing risks of mortality by up to 12 times.
- In 2020, 22% of children under five in the world were stunted, with higher prevalence in rural areas at 25.5%.
- Over 149 million children under five were too short for their age (stunted) in 2020, per UNICEF data.
- Wasting affected 6.7% of children under five globally in 2022, with 45.2 million cases reported.
- In fragile and conflict-affected countries, stunting rates reached 36.4% among under-fives in 2022.
- Underweight prevalence among children under five stood at 13.6% globally in 2022, affecting 67 million children.
- In 2022, 14.3 million children under five in South Asia were wasted, the highest regional burden.
- Stunting rates in children under five decreased from 25.5% in 2012 to 22% in 2022 globally.
- Severe acute malnutrition affected 33.7 million children under five worldwide in 2022.
- In Latin America and the Caribbean, 8.3% of under-fives were stunted in 2022.
- Globally, 2.4 billion people faced food insecurity in 2022, impacting child undernutrition rates.
- In Eastern and Southern Africa, wasting prevalence was 6.5% among under-fives in 2022.
- Under-five stunting in Middle East and North Africa was 23.3% in 2022.
- 45% of all deaths in children under five were attributable to undernutrition in 2022.
- In 2022, 7.1% of under-fives in East Asia and Pacific were wasted.
- Stunting affected 26.1% of under-fives in West and Central Africa in 2022.
- Globally, moderate acute malnutrition impacted 37 million children under five in 2022.
- In 2020, 49 million children under five were wasted, with 17 million severely wasted.
- Under-five underweight rates were highest in South Asia at 27.5% in 2022.
- In low-income countries, 30.8% of under-fives were stunted in 2022.
- Globally, anemia due to undernutrition affected 40% of children under five in 2022.
- Wasting in under-fives increased by 3.4 million cases from 2021 to 2022 globally.
- Stunting prevalence in urban areas was 18.5% for under-fives globally in 2022.
- In 2022, 5.2 million under-fives died, many linked to undernutrition complications.
- Underweight affected 5.9% of under-fives in high-income countries in 2022.
Global Undernutrition Interpretation
Despite some progress in reducing stunting, the relentless and widespread crisis of childhood malnutrition remains a devastatingly efficient factory of human suffering, turning hunger into stunted growth, wasted bodies, and millions of preventable deaths every single year.
Micronutrient Deficiencies
- Globally, vitamin A deficiency affects 190 million preschool children, increasing infection risks.
- Iodine deficiency disorders impact 30% of the world's population, severely affecting child brain development.
- 40% of children under five worldwide have anemia, mostly due to iron deficiency.
- Zinc deficiency affects about one-third of the global population, leading to 800,000 child deaths annually.
- Globally, 250 million preschool children are vitamin A deficient, per WHO 2022.
- In South Asia, 47% of children under five are anemic from iron deficiency.
- Folate deficiency contributes to 10% of neural tube defects in newborns globally.
- Calcium deficiency affects 1 in 3 women and children under five in low-income countries.
- Vitamin D deficiency prevalence is 40-100% in urban children worldwide.
- Globally, 2 billion people have iodine deficiency, impacting child IQ by 10-15 points.
- Iron deficiency anemia causes 115,000 maternal and child deaths yearly.
- In Africa, 60% of preschool children suffer vitamin A deficiency.
- Multiple micronutrient deficiencies affect 2 billion people, half being children.
- Riboflavin deficiency leads to 20% higher anemia risk in children.
- Globally, 31.6% of under-fives have zinc deficiency, per 2020 meta-analysis.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency affects 20% of children in low-income settings.
- In India, 57% of children 6-59 months are anemic due to iron lack.
- Selenium deficiency contributes to 1 million child deaths from infections yearly.
- Globally, 250 million children risk vitamin A supplementation benefits annually.
- Copper deficiency impairs 15% of child growth in deficient regions.
- In Southeast Asia, 30% of pregnant women have iodine deficiency affecting fetal nutrition.
- Thiamine deficiency causes beriberi in 10% of malnourished children in Asia.
- Globally, 1.6 billion women and children need iron supplementation.
- Vitamin E deficiency affects immune function in 25% of undernourished kids.
- In Latin America, 25% of children under five have zinc deficiency.
- Niacin deficiency leads to pellagra in severe child malnutrition cases.
Micronutrient Deficiencies Interpretation
Our children’s futures are being quietly, yet systematically, short-circuited by a widespread micronutrient blackout that damages brains, cripples immunity, and steals lives before they even begin.
Obesity Prevalence
- In the United States, childhood obesity prevalence among ages 2-19 was 20.7% from 2017-2020.
- Globally, 39 million children under five were overweight or obese in 2022.
- In Europe, 29 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 were living with obesity in 2022.
- US children aged 6-11 had 20.3% obesity rate in 2017-2020 NHANES data.
- Among US adolescents 12-19, obesity prevalence was 22.2% from 2017-2020.
- In Mexico, 36.2% of children aged 5-11 were overweight or obese in 2020-2021.
- Globally, one in eight children and adolescents aged 5-19 were obese in 2022.
- In Australia, 24.4% of children aged 5-17 were overweight or obese in 2017-2018.
- UK children aged 4-5 had 9.2% obesity rate in 2022/23 reception year.
- In Brazil, 15.9% of children under five were overweight in 2019 PNS data.
- US non-Hispanic Black children had 26.2% obesity rate ages 2-19 in 2017-2020.
- In China, 20.4% of children aged 7-18 were overweight or obese in 2020.
- Globally, overweight prevalence in children under five rose from 5.3% in 2000 to 5.6% in 2020.
- In Canada, 32.3% of children and youth aged 5-17 were overweight or obese in 2019.
- India saw 6.3% overweight/obesity in urban children under five in NFHS-5 2019-21.
- In Saudi Arabia, 35.2% of children aged 5-18 were obese in 2022 studies.
- New Zealand Maori children had 27% obesity rate ages 2-14 in 2020/21.
- In South Africa, 13% of children under five were overweight in 2016 SADHS.
- Globally, 160 million children and adolescents were obese in 2022.
- US Hispanic children obesity rate was 26.2% ages 2-19 in 2017-2020.
- In Japan, childhood obesity among elementary school boys was 13.5% in 2022.
- Egypt had 37% overweight/obesity in children aged 2-18 in 2022 surveys.
- In low-income US households, child obesity rates were 20% higher in 2020.
- Globally, girls under five overweight prevalence was 5.4% in 2022.
- In France, 17% of children aged 8-9 were obese in 2020.
- Philippines children aged 5-10 had 9.8% obesity rate in 2022.
- In Russia, 25% of schoolchildren were overweight in 2021 Rosstat data.
- US boys ages 2-19 obesity was 20.7% in 2017-2020 NHANES.
Obesity Prevalence Interpretation
We've created a world where one in eight children now carries the weight of our poor food systems and inequities on their growing shoulders, and the numbers are tragically not kidding around.
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