Key Takeaways
- As of the 2020 Census, the non-Hispanic White population in the United States was 57.8% of the total population, down from 63.7% in 2010
- The Hispanic or Latino population grew to 62.1 million in 2020, representing 18.7% of the U.S. population, up from 50.5 million or 16.3% in 2010
- Black or African American alone population was 41.1 million in 2020, or 12.4% of the total U.S. population
- In 2023, high school completion rate for Asian Americans was 95%, compared to 94% for Whites, 90% for Blacks, 76% for Hispanics
- Bachelor's degree attainment for Asians 61% ages 25-34 in 2022, Whites 42%, Blacks 26%, Hispanics 20%
- In 2021-22, 62% of Asian high school graduates enrolled in college, vs 59% Whites, 52% Blacks, 46% Hispanics
- In 2022, median household income for Asian Americans was $101,418, Whites $77,999, Hispanics $62,800, Blacks $52,860
- Poverty rate 2022: Blacks 17.1%, Hispanics 16.9%, Whites 8.6%, Asians 9.5%
- Unemployment rate 2023 avg: Blacks 5.5%, Hispanics 4.9%, Whites 3.4%, Asians 3.0%
- Infant mortality rate 2022: Blacks 10.9 per 1,000 births, Hispanics 4.9, Whites 4.5, Asians 3.5
- Life expectancy 2021: Asians 84.5 years, Hispanics 80.0, Whites 76.4, Blacks 71.8
- Obesity rate 2022: Blacks 49.9%, Hispanics 45.6%, Whites 41.4%, Asians 16.1%
- Homicide offending rate 2019: Blacks 34.4 per 100k, Hispanics 8.2, Whites 3.0, Asians 1.2
- Prison population 2022: Blacks 32%, Whites 31%, Hispanics 23%, Asians 1%
- Murder arrests 2022: Blacks 50.1%, Whites 45.9%, Hispanics data combined
Racial demographics are shifting, with inequality persisting across health, wealth, and education.
Crime
- Homicide offending rate 2019: Blacks 34.4 per 100k, Hispanics 8.2, Whites 3.0, Asians 1.2
- Prison population 2022: Blacks 32%, Whites 31%, Hispanics 23%, Asians 1%
- Murder arrests 2022: Blacks 50.1%, Whites 45.9%, Hispanics data combined
- Violent crime victimization 2022: Blacks 24.5 per 1,000, Hispanics 22.0, Whites 16.5, Asians 9.8
- Police shooting deaths 2023: Blacks 24% of total despite 13% pop, Whites 46%
- Drug arrest rates 2022: Blacks 24% of arrests vs 13% pop, Whites 69%
- Incarceration rate per 100k 2022: Blacks 1,096, Hispanics 545, Whites 214, Asians 90
- Juvenile violent crime arrests 2021: Blacks 48%, Whites 47%
- Robbery offending 2019: Blacks 51%, Whites 45%
- Rape arrests 2022: Whites 65%, Blacks 30%, Hispanics included in White/Black
- Recidivism rates 5-year: Blacks 83%, Whites 72% in some states 2020
- Death penalty executions since 1976: 34% Black offenders, 43% White
- Gun homicide offenders 2022: Blacks 53%, Whites 43%
- Property crime arrests 2022: Whites 66%, Blacks 29%
- Federal prison drug offenses: Blacks 25%, Hispanics 42%, Whites 28% 2022
- Bail denial rates higher for Blacks 25% vs Whites 18% in large counties 2019
- Wrongful convictions exonerated: 47% Black vs 26% pop share 1989-2023
- Domestic violence arrests 2022: Whites 50%, Blacks 40%
- Child abuse substantiations: Blacks 14% victims vs 13% pop, Whites 50% vs 59%
- Hate crimes 2022: 52% anti-Black, 15% anti-Jewish, 14% anti-White
- Sentencing disparity: Blacks receive 19.1% longer sentences than Whites for similar crimes 2022
Crime Interpretation
Demographics
- As of the 2020 Census, the non-Hispanic White population in the United States was 57.8% of the total population, down from 63.7% in 2010
- The Hispanic or Latino population grew to 62.1 million in 2020, representing 18.7% of the U.S. population, up from 50.5 million or 16.3% in 2010
- Black or African American alone population was 41.1 million in 2020, or 12.4% of the total U.S. population
- Asian population reached 20.2 million in 2020, comprising 6.1% of the U.S. population, with significant growth from Indian and Chinese subgroups
- American Indian and Alaska Native alone population was 3.7 million in 2020, or 1.1% of total
- Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone was 0.7 million, or 0.2% in 2020
- Multiracial population surged to 33.8 million in 2020, 10.2% of total, up from 9 million in 2010
- In 2022, 59.3% of U.S. population identified as White alone
- Black population estimated at 13.6% in 2022
- Hispanic population at 19.1% in 2022 estimates
- Asian Americans at 6.3% in 2022
- Foreign-born population was 13.9% in 2022, with 45% from Latin America and 27% from Asia
- In 2020, 25% of U.S. children under 18 were Hispanic, 14% Black, 5% Asian
- Median age for White non-Hispanic was 44.5 years in 2022, vs 32.9 for Hispanics
- 41% of U.S. population under 25 projected to be non-White by 2025
- Black population share in South was 24% in 2020, highest regional concentration
- Asian population in California was 15.5% in 2020
- Native American population highest in Oklahoma at 9.4% in 2020
- Hispanic population in Texas reached 40% in 2020
- Multiracial identification highest among youth: 9.4% of under-18 in 2020
- 2023 estimate: White alone 75.3% including Hispanic Whites
- Black alone or in combination 14.4% in 2020
- Pacific Islander population concentrated in Hawaii at 10.3%
- Immigrant share among Asians 59% vs 35% Hispanics in 2022
- 23.1% of U.S. population racially diverse metro areas like NYC
- Black women fertility rate 1.78 births per woman in 2021
- Hispanic fertility highest at 1.99 in 2021
- Asian fertility lowest at 1.41 in 2021
- White non-Hispanic fertility 1.53 in 2021
Demographics Interpretation
Economy
- In 2022, median household income for Asian Americans was $101,418, Whites $77,999, Hispanics $62,800, Blacks $52,860
- Poverty rate 2022: Blacks 17.1%, Hispanics 16.9%, Whites 8.6%, Asians 9.5%
- Unemployment rate 2023 avg: Blacks 5.5%, Hispanics 4.9%, Whites 3.4%, Asians 3.0%
- Homeownership 2022: Whites 75.3%, Asians 63.6%, Hispanics 49.1%, Blacks 44.1%
- Median wealth 2019: White families $188,200, Black $24,100, Hispanic $36,100
- Labor force participation 2023: Asians 64.5%, Whites 62.1%, Hispanics 66.1%, Blacks 62.7%
- CEO representation: 80% White, 4% Black, 3% Hispanic, 3% Asian in Fortune 500 2023
- Wage gap 2023: Black women earn 64 cents per White male dollar, Hispanic women 57 cents
- Small business ownership 2022: Whites 80%, Asians 9%, Hispanics 7%, Blacks 3%
- Food stamp (SNAP) recipients 2022: 26% Black households vs 7% White
- Median net worth Black families $44,900 vs White $285,000 in 2022
- Entrepreneurship rate: Asians 10.5%, Hispanics 10.1%, Blacks 7.9%, Whites 9.6% 2022
- Disability benefits: Blacks 12% of SSDI vs 7% population share 2022
- Gig economy workers: 36% Hispanic, 28% Black vs 20% White 2023
- Union membership 2023: Blacks 11.8%, Whites 9.8%, Hispanics 9.3%, Asians 7.1%
- STEM workforce 2023: Asians 17%, Whites 70%, Hispanics 8%, Blacks 5%
- Venture capital funding 2022: 1% to Black founders, 2% Hispanic, 0.5% diverse teams
- Retail banking access: 11% unbanked Blacks vs 4% Whites 2021
- Credit score average 2023: Asians 745, Whites 726, Hispanics 701, Blacks 677
Economy Interpretation
Education
- In 2023, high school completion rate for Asian Americans was 95%, compared to 94% for Whites, 90% for Blacks, 76% for Hispanics
- Bachelor's degree attainment for Asians 61% ages 25-34 in 2022, Whites 42%, Blacks 26%, Hispanics 20%
- In 2021-22, 62% of Asian high school graduates enrolled in college, vs 59% Whites, 52% Blacks, 46% Hispanics
- NAEP 2022 math scores: Grade 8 Asians 306, Whites 292, Hispanics 264, Blacks 260
- Grade 12 reading NAEP 2022: Asians 297, Whites 290, Hispanics 265, Blacks 260
- 2022 college enrollment: Asians 60% of high school completers, Whites 55%, Blacks 45%, Hispanics 42%
- Advanced degree holders 25-64: Asians 25%, Whites 14%, Blacks 6%, Hispanics 4% in 2022
- Public school funding per pupil disproportionately lower in high-minority districts
- Black students 15% of enrollment but 39% of expulsion rates 2017-18
- Hispanic students suspended at 1.5x White rate in 2017-18
- Asian American SAT average 1228 in 2023, Whites 1114, Hispanics 967, Blacks 908
- ACT 2023 composite: Asians 25, Whites 21, Hispanics 17, Blacks 16
- Pell Grant recipients: 74% Black undergraduates vs 28% Whites in 2020-21
- Student debt burden highest for Blacks: $53k average vs $43k Whites in 2022
- HBCU enrollment 9% Black students nationally in 2021
- Teacher diversity gap: 80% White teachers vs 49% non-White students 2021
- AP exam pass rates 2023: Asians 80%, Whites 65%, Hispanics 45%, Blacks 35%
- GED attainment: Hispanics 25%, Blacks 23%, Whites 14% of credentials 2022
- English proficiency among ELL students: 10% Asians proficient vs 5% Hispanics 2022
- Graduation rates 2021-22: Asians 94%, Whites 90%, Hispanics 83%, Blacks 80%
Education Interpretation
Health
- Infant mortality rate 2022: Blacks 10.9 per 1,000 births, Hispanics 4.9, Whites 4.5, Asians 3.5
- Life expectancy 2021: Asians 84.5 years, Hispanics 80.0, Whites 76.4, Blacks 71.8
- Obesity rate 2022: Blacks 49.9%, Hispanics 45.6%, Whites 41.4%, Asians 16.1%
- Diabetes prevalence 2021: Blacks 12.1%, Hispanics 12.5%, Whites 6.9%, Asians 9.5%
- Cancer mortality 2022: Blacks 189 per 100k, Whites 152, Hispanics 124, Asians 106
- Heart disease death rate 2022: Blacks 212 per 100k, Whites 176, Hispanics 137, Asians 102
- COVID-19 death rate per 100k 2020-21: Blacks 376, Hispanics 298, Whites 259, Asians 140
- Maternal mortality 2021: Blacks 69.9 per 100k births, Hispanics 18.2, Whites 19.1, Asians 14.9
- Uninsured rate 2022: Hispanics 18.0%, Blacks 10.7%, Whites 7.0%, Asians 6.2%
- Mental health treatment 2022: Whites 48% received care, Blacks 32%, Hispanics 28%, Asians 24%
- Opioid overdose deaths 2022: Whites 32.6 per 100k, Blacks 28.6, Hispanics 15.5, Asians 2.9
- Hypertension prevalence 2021: Blacks 54%, Whites 44%, Hispanics 38%, Asians 29%
- Vaccination rate COVID booster 2023: Asians 45%, Whites 30%, Hispanics 22%, Blacks 20%
- HIV diagnosis rate 2021: Blacks 36.2 per 100k, Hispanics 15.0, Whites 4.7, Asians 2.1
- Suicide rate 2022: Whites 18.5 per 100k, Hispanics 7.8, Blacks 8.6, Asians 7.0
- Asthma prevalence children 2021: Blacks 13.6%, Hispanics 9.9%, Whites 7.2%, Asians 6.7%
- Low birthweight 2022: Blacks 13.9%, Hispanics 7.4%, Whites 6.8%, Asians 7.5%
- Homicide victimization 2022: Blacks 29.0 per 100k, Hispanics 6.9, Whites 3.3, Asians 1.4
- Nursing home residents 2020: 80% White, 10% Black, 6% Hispanic
- Doctor visits per year avg: Whites 3.9, Blacks 3.7, Hispanics 3.2, Asians 3.5 in 2021
- Firearm homicide rate 2022: Blacks 25.5 per 100k, Hispanics 4.8, Whites 1.7, Asians 0.8
Health Interpretation
Sources & References
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