GITNUXREPORT 2026

Adult Entertainment Industry Statistics

The global adult entertainment industry generates nearly $100 billion annually from online subscriptions, cams, and VR content.

Min-ji Park

Min-ji Park

Research Analyst focused on sustainability and consumer trends.

First published: Feb 13, 2026

Our Commitment to Accuracy

Rigorous fact-checking · Reputable sources · Regular updatesLearn more

Key Statistics

Statistic 1

Worldwide, 35% of people aged 18-34 visit porn sites monthly, with average 24 minutes per session

Statistic 2

In the U.S., 69% of men and 40% of women aged 18+ have viewed porn in the past month as of 2023

Statistic 3

Global Pornhub users average 7.5 billion visits per year, 70% male demographic

Statistic 4

12% of all websites visited are porn-related, with peak traffic at 11 PM daily

Statistic 5

Millennials (25-34) represent 42% of porn site visitors globally in 2023

Statistic 6

Women make up 36% of Pornhub's global audience in 2023, up from 24% in 2014

Statistic 7

Average age of first porn exposure is 12 years old for Gen Z in the U.S.

Statistic 8

58% of U.S. men aged 18-49 consume porn weekly

Statistic 9

Mobile devices account for 74% of porn consumption worldwide in 2023

Statistic 10

LGBTQ+ users comprise 15% of top adult site traffic, with lesbian category top for women

Statistic 11

In Europe, 45% of adults admit to porn use, highest in Spain at 62%

Statistic 12

U.S. conservative states have 15% higher porn search rates per capita

Statistic 13

Global average porn viewing time per user: 9 minutes 48 seconds per session in 2023

Statistic 14

28% of porn searches are for amateur content, preferred by 55% of users under 30

Statistic 15

Incognito mode used by 67% of porn viewers to maintain privacy

Statistic 16

Asia has 30% of global porn traffic despite cultural taboos, led by India at 25% of Pornhub visits

Statistic 17

U.S. porn consumption highest among 18-24 males at 92% lifetime exposure rate

Statistic 18

Ethical porn preferred by 23% of Gen Z consumers, willing to pay 20% premium

Statistic 19

Average user watches 3.5 porn videos per week globally

Statistic 20

Black Americans over-index on porn use by 12% compared to national average

Statistic 21

Rural U.S. areas have 18% higher porn site traffic per capita than urban

Statistic 22

41% of porn users are married or in relationships

Statistic 23

Teens (13-17) represent 22% of porn site visitors despite age gates

Statistic 24

VR porn users spend 30% more time per session than 2D viewers

Statistic 25

Subscription cancellations highest among 35-44 age group at 28%

Statistic 26

65% of porn searches from work computers occur between 9 AM-5 PM

Statistic 27

Female porn viewers favor story-driven content 3x more than males

Statistic 28

Global porn addiction self-reported by 11% of adult users

Statistic 29

Pornhub's 2023 top search from U.S.: "MILF" by 18-24 males

Statistic 30

In 2023, Pornhub uploaded 13.2 million new videos, averaging 36,000 daily

Statistic 31

Amateur content makes up 65% of uploads on major tube sites in 2023

Statistic 32

VR adult videos grew 150% year-over-year to 25,000 titles in 2023

Statistic 33

Average adult video length on free sites: 12 minutes 45 seconds in 2023

Statistic 34

Hentai and animated porn views surged 40% to 2.1 billion on Pornhub in 2023

Statistic 35

42% of new adult content features ethical production labels in 2023

Statistic 36

Mobile-optimized adult videos: 89% of total production in 2023

Statistic 37

Category "lesbian" remains #1 globally with 1.5 billion views on Pornhub 2023

Statistic 38

AI-generated adult content uploads reached 500,000 videos in 2023

Statistic 39

4K and HD content now 78% of new uploads, up from 45% in 2019

Statistic 40

Transgender category views up 220% since 2016 to 700 million in 2023

Statistic 41

Webcam shows streamed 1.2 billion hours globally in 2023

Statistic 42

Solo female masturbation videos: top growing category at 35% YoY

Statistic 43

Deepfake porn videos numbered 95,000 detected in 2023, mostly non-consensual

Statistic 44

Interactive adult games downloads hit 50 million in 2023

Statistic 45

BBW category searches up 28% correlating to body positivity trends

Statistic 46

Global adult studios produced 250,000 scenes in 2023

Statistic 47

OnlyFans hosted 3.2 million creators uploading 220 million photos/videos in 2023

Statistic 48

Ethnic diversity in porn: 22% non-white performers in mainstream U.S. 2023

Statistic 49

Fetish content (BDSM) views: 900 million, 12% of total traffic 2023

Statistic 50

Short-form TikTok-style adult clips: 1.4 billion views on tube sites 2023

Statistic 51

Celebrity deepfakes in porn: Taylor Swift topped with 7 million views 2023

Statistic 52

Sustainable production practices adopted by 18% of studios in 2023

Statistic 53

ASMR adult videos grew 300% to 150 million views in 2023

Statistic 54

Multilingual subtitling in 15% of new videos for global reach 2023

Statistic 55

Public agent/outdoor scenes: 25% of top 100 videos 2023

Statistic 56

The global pornography industry generated an estimated $97 billion in revenue in 2023, primarily from online subscriptions and advertising

Statistic 57

U.S. adult entertainment market size reached $15.2 billion in 2022, with online video streaming accounting for 70% of total revenue

Statistic 58

Online porn revenue grew by 12.6% annually from 2018 to 2023, reaching $14.5 billion in the U.S. alone

Statistic 59

Webcam and live cam sector generated $2.4 billion globally in 2022, up 15% from previous year

Statistic 60

Adult video-on-demand (AVOD) services earned $5.8 billion in 2023 worldwide, driven by platforms like Pornhub Premium

Statistic 61

The VR adult content market was valued at $1.2 billion in 2023, projected to grow at 28% CAGR to 2030

Statistic 62

Global sex toy market, tied to adult industry, hit $35.2 billion in 2023, with online sales at 45%

Statistic 63

OnlyFans platform revenue exceeded $5.5 billion in 2023 from creator payouts and fees

Statistic 64

Adult site advertising revenue in the U.S. totaled $1.8 billion in 2022

Statistic 65

European adult entertainment market valued at $12.4 billion in 2023, led by Germany and UK

Statistic 66

Asia-Pacific porn market grew to $25 billion in 2023, with Japan contributing 40%

Statistic 67

Subscription-based adult sites saw 18% revenue increase to $8.2 billion globally in 2023

Statistic 68

Pay-per-view adult content generated $3.1 billion in 2022 worldwide

Statistic 69

U.S. strip club industry revenue at $8 billion annually pre-COVID, recovering to $6.5B in 2023

Statistic 70

Merchandise and novelty items in adult industry worth $4.5 billion globally in 2023

Statistic 71

Latin America adult market reached $7.8 billion in 2023, Brazil leading at 35%

Statistic 72

Mobile adult content revenue hit $10.3 billion in 2023, 45% of total online porn revenue

Statistic 73

Affiliate marketing in adult industry generated $2.9 billion in commissions in 2023

Statistic 74

Global cam model earnings totaled $1.5 billion in 2022 from tips and privates

Statistic 75

Adult DVD sales declined to $500 million globally in 2023 from $10B peak in 2007

Statistic 76

Premium adult content subscriptions grew 22% to $6.7 billion in 2023

Statistic 77

U.S. adult industry tax contributions estimated at $2.1 billion annually

Statistic 78

Canadian adult market size $1.4 billion in 2023

Statistic 79

Australian porn revenue $900 million in 2023

Statistic 80

Middle East adult content black market valued at $3.2 billion in 2023 despite bans

Statistic 81

Africa online adult traffic revenue $1.1 billion in 2023

Statistic 82

Cryptocurrency payments in adult industry reached $800 million in 2023 volume

Statistic 83

NFT adult content sales peaked at $150 million in 2022, declining to $45M in 2023

Statistic 84

Global escort services market estimated at $180 billion annually, linked to adult industry

Statistic 85

U.S. online gambling crossover with adult content added $1.2B revenue in 2023

Statistic 86

Over 50% of internet traffic is porn-related, with 30 million unique U.S. visitors daily

Statistic 87

Age verification laws passed in 12 U.S. states by 2023, reducing under-18 access by 25%

Statistic 88

Global deepfake porn reports: 96% target women, 90% non-consensual 2023

Statistic 89

U.S. Section 230 protections shield platforms from 80% of liability claims

Statistic 90

Revenge porn laws enacted in 48 U.S. states, 5,000 prosecutions in 2023

Statistic 91

EU GDPR fines for adult sites: $150 million total since 2018

Statistic 92

Payment processors ban 40% of adult transactions, Visa/MC leading

Statistic 93

FOSTA-SESTA reduced U.S. sex worker ads by 70% on Backpage successor sites

Statistic 94

China blocks 99% of porn sites, yet VPN circumvention hits 100 million users 2023

Statistic 95

Australia mandatory age ID for porn sites implemented 2023, compliance 85%

Statistic 96

UK Online Safety Bill targets non-consensual porn, fines up to 10% revenue 2023

Statistic 97

2257 compliance audits failed by 15% of U.S. producers annually

Statistic 98

Global piracy losses for adult industry: $15 billion yearly 2023

Statistic 99

Sex trafficking links investigated in 20% of U.S. adult studios raids 2023

Statistic 100

Biometric age verification pilots reduced minors by 60% in trials 2023

Statistic 101

Ad networks dropped 60% of adult advertisers post-2020 regulations

Statistic 102

Canada Bill C-11 regulates adult streaming, impacting 10% of platforms 2023

Statistic 103

India blocked 1,000+ porn sites in 2023, traffic shifted to Telegram

Statistic 104

EU child porn detections: 1.2 million reports from adult platforms 2023

Statistic 105

U.S. wire fraud charges against adult affiliates: 300 cases in 2023

Statistic 106

Texas age verification law upheld, reducing traffic 18% post-enforcement

Statistic 107

The adult industry employs over 1 million people globally when including ancillary services in 2023

Statistic 108

U.S. porn performers number approximately 10,000 active in 2023

Statistic 109

Average annual earnings for top 1% OnlyFans creators: $250,000+ in 2023

Statistic 110

Cam models worldwide: 500,000, averaging $2,500/month full-time in 2023

Statistic 111

75% of adult performers are women, 20% men, 5% non-binary/trans in 2023 U.S.

Statistic 112

Strip club dancers in U.S.: 200,000, median earnings $35,000/year 2023

Statistic 113

Industry turnover rate for performers: 80% within first year

Statistic 114

Top male performers earn average $100,000/year vs. $50,000 for females in studios 2023

Statistic 115

40% of performers have college degrees, higher than general population

Statistic 116

STI testing rates: 92% of U.S. performers test monthly per industry standards 2023

Statistic 117

Average age of porn performers: 25 years old, career span 3-5 years

Statistic 118

OnlyFans top earner: $20 million in 2023 from one creator

Statistic 119

Unionization efforts cover 5% of performers, advocating for better contracts 2023

Statistic 120

Mental health support accessed by 35% of performers via industry programs 2023

Statistic 121

Global webcam agency employees: 50,000 managing models 2023

Statistic 122

Female directors in adult film: 12% of total in 2023, up from 5% in 2010

Statistic 123

Performer retirement savings: average $45,000 after 5 years career

Statistic 124

Diversity: Black performers 15% of U.S. industry vs. 13% population 2023

Statistic 125

Injury rates in adult shoots: 8% report strains/sprains annually

Statistic 126

Tech roles (coders, VR specialists): 20,000 jobs in adult industry 2023

Statistic 127

Agents/managers: 5,000 licensed in U.S., taking 10-20% commissions

Statistic 128

Makeup/hair stylists for porn: 15,000 freelancers globally 2023

Statistic 129

Post-production editors: 8,000 employed full-time in adult 2023

Statistic 130

International performers: 30% travel visas for shoots annually

Statistic 131

Gig economy shift: 70% of new performers freelance via OnlyFans 2023

Statistic 132

Training academies for cam models graduated 10,000 in 2023

Statistic 133

25 U.S. states have legalized adult industry unions for performers 2023

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If you ever doubted the sheer magnitude of the adult entertainment industry, consider this: a staggering $97 billion flowed through its global ecosystem in 2023, revealing an economic powerhouse driven by our most private digital habits.

Key Takeaways

  • The global pornography industry generated an estimated $97 billion in revenue in 2023, primarily from online subscriptions and advertising
  • U.S. adult entertainment market size reached $15.2 billion in 2022, with online video streaming accounting for 70% of total revenue
  • Online porn revenue grew by 12.6% annually from 2018 to 2023, reaching $14.5 billion in the U.S. alone
  • Worldwide, 35% of people aged 18-34 visit porn sites monthly, with average 24 minutes per session
  • In the U.S., 69% of men and 40% of women aged 18+ have viewed porn in the past month as of 2023
  • Global Pornhub users average 7.5 billion visits per year, 70% male demographic
  • In 2023, Pornhub uploaded 13.2 million new videos, averaging 36,000 daily
  • Amateur content makes up 65% of uploads on major tube sites in 2023
  • VR adult videos grew 150% year-over-year to 25,000 titles in 2023
  • The adult industry employs over 1 million people globally when including ancillary services in 2023
  • U.S. porn performers number approximately 10,000 active in 2023
  • Average annual earnings for top 1% OnlyFans creators: $250,000+ in 2023
  • Over 50% of internet traffic is porn-related, with 30 million unique U.S. visitors daily
  • Age verification laws passed in 12 U.S. states by 2023, reducing under-18 access by 25%
  • Global deepfake porn reports: 96% target women, 90% non-consensual 2023

The global adult entertainment industry generates nearly $100 billion annually from online subscriptions, cams, and VR content.

Consumer Demographics and Habits

  • Worldwide, 35% of people aged 18-34 visit porn sites monthly, with average 24 minutes per session
  • In the U.S., 69% of men and 40% of women aged 18+ have viewed porn in the past month as of 2023
  • Global Pornhub users average 7.5 billion visits per year, 70% male demographic
  • 12% of all websites visited are porn-related, with peak traffic at 11 PM daily
  • Millennials (25-34) represent 42% of porn site visitors globally in 2023
  • Women make up 36% of Pornhub's global audience in 2023, up from 24% in 2014
  • Average age of first porn exposure is 12 years old for Gen Z in the U.S.
  • 58% of U.S. men aged 18-49 consume porn weekly
  • Mobile devices account for 74% of porn consumption worldwide in 2023
  • LGBTQ+ users comprise 15% of top adult site traffic, with lesbian category top for women
  • In Europe, 45% of adults admit to porn use, highest in Spain at 62%
  • U.S. conservative states have 15% higher porn search rates per capita
  • Global average porn viewing time per user: 9 minutes 48 seconds per session in 2023
  • 28% of porn searches are for amateur content, preferred by 55% of users under 30
  • Incognito mode used by 67% of porn viewers to maintain privacy
  • Asia has 30% of global porn traffic despite cultural taboos, led by India at 25% of Pornhub visits
  • U.S. porn consumption highest among 18-24 males at 92% lifetime exposure rate
  • Ethical porn preferred by 23% of Gen Z consumers, willing to pay 20% premium
  • Average user watches 3.5 porn videos per week globally
  • Black Americans over-index on porn use by 12% compared to national average
  • Rural U.S. areas have 18% higher porn site traffic per capita than urban
  • 41% of porn users are married or in relationships
  • Teens (13-17) represent 22% of porn site visitors despite age gates
  • VR porn users spend 30% more time per session than 2D viewers
  • Subscription cancellations highest among 35-44 age group at 28%
  • 65% of porn searches from work computers occur between 9 AM-5 PM
  • Female porn viewers favor story-driven content 3x more than males
  • Global porn addiction self-reported by 11% of adult users
  • Pornhub's 2023 top search from U.S.: "MILF" by 18-24 males

Consumer Demographics and Habits Interpretation

The data paints a portrait of a nearly universal, private, and often conflicted digital habit, where our most intimate curiosities are now logged, tracked, and quantified as diligently as our weather forecasts.

Content Production and Trends

  • In 2023, Pornhub uploaded 13.2 million new videos, averaging 36,000 daily
  • Amateur content makes up 65% of uploads on major tube sites in 2023
  • VR adult videos grew 150% year-over-year to 25,000 titles in 2023
  • Average adult video length on free sites: 12 minutes 45 seconds in 2023
  • Hentai and animated porn views surged 40% to 2.1 billion on Pornhub in 2023
  • 42% of new adult content features ethical production labels in 2023
  • Mobile-optimized adult videos: 89% of total production in 2023
  • Category "lesbian" remains #1 globally with 1.5 billion views on Pornhub 2023
  • AI-generated adult content uploads reached 500,000 videos in 2023
  • 4K and HD content now 78% of new uploads, up from 45% in 2019
  • Transgender category views up 220% since 2016 to 700 million in 2023
  • Webcam shows streamed 1.2 billion hours globally in 2023
  • Solo female masturbation videos: top growing category at 35% YoY
  • Deepfake porn videos numbered 95,000 detected in 2023, mostly non-consensual
  • Interactive adult games downloads hit 50 million in 2023
  • BBW category searches up 28% correlating to body positivity trends
  • Global adult studios produced 250,000 scenes in 2023
  • OnlyFans hosted 3.2 million creators uploading 220 million photos/videos in 2023
  • Ethnic diversity in porn: 22% non-white performers in mainstream U.S. 2023
  • Fetish content (BDSM) views: 900 million, 12% of total traffic 2023
  • Short-form TikTok-style adult clips: 1.4 billion views on tube sites 2023
  • Celebrity deepfakes in porn: Taylor Swift topped with 7 million views 2023
  • Sustainable production practices adopted by 18% of studios in 2023
  • ASMR adult videos grew 300% to 150 million views in 2023
  • Multilingual subtitling in 15% of new videos for global reach 2023
  • Public agent/outdoor scenes: 25% of top 100 videos 2023

Content Production and Trends Interpretation

The adult entertainment industry’s 2023 data reveals a dizzying, democratized, and technologically turbocharged landscape where amateur content floods the zone, ethical labels gain ground, and our collective curiosity—from VR to hentai—increasingly bends toward the personalized, immersive, and disturbingly non-consensual, proving that even in our most private moments, we mirror the broader cultural currents of innovation, inclusion, and ethical reckoning.

Market Revenue and Growth

  • The global pornography industry generated an estimated $97 billion in revenue in 2023, primarily from online subscriptions and advertising
  • U.S. adult entertainment market size reached $15.2 billion in 2022, with online video streaming accounting for 70% of total revenue
  • Online porn revenue grew by 12.6% annually from 2018 to 2023, reaching $14.5 billion in the U.S. alone
  • Webcam and live cam sector generated $2.4 billion globally in 2022, up 15% from previous year
  • Adult video-on-demand (AVOD) services earned $5.8 billion in 2023 worldwide, driven by platforms like Pornhub Premium
  • The VR adult content market was valued at $1.2 billion in 2023, projected to grow at 28% CAGR to 2030
  • Global sex toy market, tied to adult industry, hit $35.2 billion in 2023, with online sales at 45%
  • OnlyFans platform revenue exceeded $5.5 billion in 2023 from creator payouts and fees
  • Adult site advertising revenue in the U.S. totaled $1.8 billion in 2022
  • European adult entertainment market valued at $12.4 billion in 2023, led by Germany and UK
  • Asia-Pacific porn market grew to $25 billion in 2023, with Japan contributing 40%
  • Subscription-based adult sites saw 18% revenue increase to $8.2 billion globally in 2023
  • Pay-per-view adult content generated $3.1 billion in 2022 worldwide
  • U.S. strip club industry revenue at $8 billion annually pre-COVID, recovering to $6.5B in 2023
  • Merchandise and novelty items in adult industry worth $4.5 billion globally in 2023
  • Latin America adult market reached $7.8 billion in 2023, Brazil leading at 35%
  • Mobile adult content revenue hit $10.3 billion in 2023, 45% of total online porn revenue
  • Affiliate marketing in adult industry generated $2.9 billion in commissions in 2023
  • Global cam model earnings totaled $1.5 billion in 2022 from tips and privates
  • Adult DVD sales declined to $500 million globally in 2023 from $10B peak in 2007
  • Premium adult content subscriptions grew 22% to $6.7 billion in 2023
  • U.S. adult industry tax contributions estimated at $2.1 billion annually
  • Canadian adult market size $1.4 billion in 2023
  • Australian porn revenue $900 million in 2023
  • Middle East adult content black market valued at $3.2 billion in 2023 despite bans
  • Africa online adult traffic revenue $1.1 billion in 2023
  • Cryptocurrency payments in adult industry reached $800 million in 2023 volume
  • NFT adult content sales peaked at $150 million in 2022, declining to $45M in 2023
  • Global escort services market estimated at $180 billion annually, linked to adult industry
  • U.S. online gambling crossover with adult content added $1.2B revenue in 2023

Market Revenue and Growth Interpretation

The digital age has proven that while our morals might be debatable, our subscription fees are not, as the global adult entertainment industry quietly erected a nearly $100 billion empire primarily from the simple human urge to click "next."

Regulation and Challenges

  • Over 50% of internet traffic is porn-related, with 30 million unique U.S. visitors daily
  • Age verification laws passed in 12 U.S. states by 2023, reducing under-18 access by 25%
  • Global deepfake porn reports: 96% target women, 90% non-consensual 2023
  • U.S. Section 230 protections shield platforms from 80% of liability claims
  • Revenge porn laws enacted in 48 U.S. states, 5,000 prosecutions in 2023
  • EU GDPR fines for adult sites: $150 million total since 2018
  • Payment processors ban 40% of adult transactions, Visa/MC leading
  • FOSTA-SESTA reduced U.S. sex worker ads by 70% on Backpage successor sites
  • China blocks 99% of porn sites, yet VPN circumvention hits 100 million users 2023
  • Australia mandatory age ID for porn sites implemented 2023, compliance 85%
  • UK Online Safety Bill targets non-consensual porn, fines up to 10% revenue 2023
  • 2257 compliance audits failed by 15% of U.S. producers annually
  • Global piracy losses for adult industry: $15 billion yearly 2023
  • Sex trafficking links investigated in 20% of U.S. adult studios raids 2023
  • Biometric age verification pilots reduced minors by 60% in trials 2023
  • Ad networks dropped 60% of adult advertisers post-2020 regulations
  • Canada Bill C-11 regulates adult streaming, impacting 10% of platforms 2023
  • India blocked 1,000+ porn sites in 2023, traffic shifted to Telegram
  • EU child porn detections: 1.2 million reports from adult platforms 2023
  • U.S. wire fraud charges against adult affiliates: 300 cases in 2023
  • Texas age verification law upheld, reducing traffic 18% post-enforcement

Regulation and Challenges Interpretation

While the internet remains a cathedral of commerce built on a vault of adult content, the world is now hammering at the gates with regulation, prosecution, and biometric checks in a grim and costly battle over consent, exploitation, and the very real human traffic behind the traffic.

Workforce and Performers

  • The adult industry employs over 1 million people globally when including ancillary services in 2023
  • U.S. porn performers number approximately 10,000 active in 2023
  • Average annual earnings for top 1% OnlyFans creators: $250,000+ in 2023
  • Cam models worldwide: 500,000, averaging $2,500/month full-time in 2023
  • 75% of adult performers are women, 20% men, 5% non-binary/trans in 2023 U.S.
  • Strip club dancers in U.S.: 200,000, median earnings $35,000/year 2023
  • Industry turnover rate for performers: 80% within first year
  • Top male performers earn average $100,000/year vs. $50,000 for females in studios 2023
  • 40% of performers have college degrees, higher than general population
  • STI testing rates: 92% of U.S. performers test monthly per industry standards 2023
  • Average age of porn performers: 25 years old, career span 3-5 years
  • OnlyFans top earner: $20 million in 2023 from one creator
  • Unionization efforts cover 5% of performers, advocating for better contracts 2023
  • Mental health support accessed by 35% of performers via industry programs 2023
  • Global webcam agency employees: 50,000 managing models 2023
  • Female directors in adult film: 12% of total in 2023, up from 5% in 2010
  • Performer retirement savings: average $45,000 after 5 years career
  • Diversity: Black performers 15% of U.S. industry vs. 13% population 2023
  • Injury rates in adult shoots: 8% report strains/sprains annually
  • Tech roles (coders, VR specialists): 20,000 jobs in adult industry 2023
  • Agents/managers: 5,000 licensed in U.S., taking 10-20% commissions
  • Makeup/hair stylists for porn: 15,000 freelancers globally 2023
  • Post-production editors: 8,000 employed full-time in adult 2023
  • International performers: 30% travel visas for shoots annually
  • Gig economy shift: 70% of new performers freelance via OnlyFans 2023
  • Training academies for cam models graduated 10,000 in 2023
  • 25 U.S. states have legalized adult industry unions for performers 2023

Workforce and Performers Interpretation

The statistics reveal an industry of stark contrasts: a vast, global workforce of over a million, where a fortunate few creators earn millions while many performers face short careers and modest pay, all operating within a complex web of gig-economy hustle, evolving diversity, and a quiet push for better safeguards and representation.

Sources & References