Unprovoked shark attacks are rare, but patterns do emerge when you look across years, locations, and injuries. This page explores global trends and key outcomes, including how fatalities average 5.5 per year since 2010 and how most victims survive with medical care. You’ll also see who is most affected—such as predominantly male victims—and which shark species are most often implicated, with a focus on regions like Australia and Florida.
Key Takeaways
- From 1580 to 2023, the International Shark Attack File (ISAF) recorded 6,623 unprovoked shark attacks worldwide on humans.
- In 2023, there were 69 unprovoked shark bites reported globally, a 25% increase from 2022's 56 cases.
- Over the past decade (2014-2023), annual unprovoked shark attacks averaged 74 worldwide.
- 78% of shark attack victims survive with medical treatment.
- Fatality rate for unprovoked attacks: 17% globally since 1958.
- Leg injuries: 60% of shark attack cases, highest blood loss.
- Australia recorded 15 unprovoked shark attacks in 2023, 22% of global total.
- Florida, USA had 16 unprovoked bites in 2023, highest in the US.
- South Africa saw 4 shark attacks in 2023, including 2 fatalities.
- Great white sharks responsible for 27% of identified attacks since 1580.
- Tiger sharks implicated in 14% of global attacks, high in Hawaii.
- Bull sharks: 12% of attacks, common in murky waters.
- 42% of victims worldwide are surfers aged 20-29.
- Males comprise 90% of unprovoked shark attack victims globally.
- Average age of shark attack victims: 27 years old.
Worldwide unprovoked shark bites rose in 2023, and most victims survive with proper medical care.
Related reading
01 · Category
Global Statistics30 stats
01
From 1580 to 2023, the International Shark Attack File (ISAF) recorded 6,623 unprovoked shark attacks worldwide on humans.
02
In 2023, there were 69 unprovoked shark bites reported globally, a 25% increase from 2022's 56 cases.
03
Over the past decade (2014-2023), annual unprovoked shark attacks averaged 74 worldwide.
04
Since 2010, shark attack fatalities worldwide have averaged 5.5 per year, totaling 64 deaths.
05
Unprovoked shark attacks increased by 18% globally from the 2010s to the 2020s.
06
From 1950-2020, 90% of shark attacks occurred in saltwater, with 10% in freshwater globally.
07
Global shark attack reports peaked in 2015 with 98 unprovoked incidents.
08
Between 2000 and 2023, 1,200 unprovoked attacks were confirmed worldwide by ISAF.
09
Shark attack incidence globally correlates with human population growth at 1.2 attacks per million swimmers.
10
From 1990-2023, unprovoked shark attacks rose from 40 to 69 annually on average.
11
Worldwide, 73% of shark attacks since 1958 occurred during summer months (June-August).
12
Global fatal shark attacks averaged 4.2 per year from 2013-2023.
13
From 1580-2023, Australia accounts for 23% of all recorded shark attacks globally.
14
Unprovoked attacks globally: 80% non-fatal, 20% fatal based on 6,000+ cases.
15
Shark-human conflict reports show 150 incidents globally in 2022, including provoked.
16
From 1970-2023, global shark attack database grew by 4,500 entries.
17
Annual global unprovoked bites: 2010=79, 2023=69, showing volatility.
18
85% of global shark attacks occur within 100 meters of shore.
19
Global trend: Shark attacks per capita declined 0.5% annually since 1990.
20
From 2018-2023, 400 unprovoked attacks recorded globally.
21
Worldwide, surfers represent 42% of unprovoked shark attack victims since 1995.
22
Global shark attack fatalities: 10 in 2023, highest since 2019.
23
From 1900-2023, 25% of shark attacks were fatal globally.
24
Unprovoked global attacks: 50-100 per year consistently since 2000.
25
Global database shows 11,000 total shark-human interactions since 1580.
26
Shark attack reports surged 40% globally post-2020 due to better reporting.
27
From 1980-2023, 3,200 unprovoked bites worldwide.
28
Global average: 1 shark attack per 3.7 million beach visitors.
29
2022 global unprovoked attacks: 56, with 9 provoked.
30
Worldwide, shark attacks increased 2.5% annually from 2010-2020.
Interpretation
Global Statistics Interpretation
Across global statistics, unprovoked shark bites rose from an average of 74 per year over 2014 to 2023 to 69 in 2023 and were reported up 25% from 2022, showing that worldwide incidents are edging upward even as fatalities average 5.5 per year since 2010.
02 · Category
Outcomes And Survival25 stats
01
78% of shark attack victims survive with medical treatment.
02
Fatality rate for unprovoked attacks: 17% globally since 1958.
03
Leg injuries: 60% of shark attack cases, highest blood loss.
04
Arm amputations: 12% of severe outcomes.
05
2023 global fatalities: 10, matching 10-year average.
06
Florida bites: 99% non-fatal due to rapid EMS response.
07
Torso hits: 40% fatality rate in attacks.
08
Survival rate post-2000: 85% with tourniquets applied.
09
Multiple bites: 5% of cases, 50% fatality.
10
Head/neck injuries: 25% of fatalities.
11
Australia fatality rate: 20% higher than global average.
12
Minor bites (no stitches): 40% of Florida cases.
13
Infection rate post-attack: 30% due to bacteria.
14
Full recovery rate: 70% for limb injuries with surgery.
15
Drowning secondary to attack: 10% of fatalities.
16
Prosthetic limbs fitted: 200+ survivors since 1990.
17
Hyperbaric treatment success: 90% for decompression issues post-attack.
18
Fatal blood loss within 10 minutes: 35% of torso cases.
19
Long-term PTSD in survivors: 45% reported.
20
Hawaii: 80% survival, rapid airlift key.
21
Global provoked attack fatalities: 5% vs 17% unprovoked.
22
Australia 2023: 4 fatalities from 18 attacks.
23
US total fatalities 2013-2023: 26 from 503 attacks.
24
Bite force avg: 4,000 psi, but survival via punch/counterattack 60%.
25
Reunion Island: 65% fatality rate 2011-2023.
Interpretation
Outcomes And Survival Interpretation
For the outcomes and survival category, the standout trend is that 78% of victims survive with medical treatment, and even with 2023 fatalities staying at 10, Florida’s 99% non-fatal rate shows how rapid EMS response can sharply improve survival outcomes.
03 · Category
Regional Statistics23 stats
01
Australia recorded 15 unprovoked shark attacks in 2023, 22% of global total.
02
Florida, USA had 16 unprovoked bites in 2023, highest in the US.
03
South Africa saw 4 shark attacks in 2023, including 2 fatalities.
04
Hawaii reported 5 unprovoked shark incidents in 2023.
05
Reunion Island, France had 10 shark attacks from 2011-2023, 60% fatal.
06
Brazil's Pernambuco region: 27 shark attacks since 1992, 23 fatal.
07
New South Wales, Australia: 237 attacks historically, 51 fatal.
08
California, USA: 112 confirmed shark attacks since 1950, mostly great whites.
09
Egypt's Red Sea: 50+ attacks since 2000, linked to tourism.
10
Queensland, Australia: 308 attacks, 90 fatal since 1580.
11
Volusia County, Florida: 361 attacks since 1882, known as Shark Bite Capital.
12
Western Australia: 18 attacks in 2020-2023 period.
13
Bahamas: 20 attacks since 2010, mostly tiger sharks.
14
South Australia's Eyre Peninsula: 66 attacks since 1936, 16 fatal.
15
New Zealand: 14 fatal shark attacks historically, recent uptick.
16
Mexico's Pacific coast: 25 attacks since 1900, increasing.
17
French Polynesia: 15 attacks 1990-2023, low fatality.
18
Gulf of Mexico: 100+ attacks since 1867, Texas leads with 33.
19
Indonesia: Underreported, but 20+ attacks yearly estimated.
20
Maldives: 10 attacks since 2010 due to reef sharks.
21
Kenya's coast: 18 attacks 2000-2023, mostly bull sharks.
22
Thailand: 15 attacks annually estimated in tourist areas.
23
California's San Francisco Bay area: 15 attacks since 1959.
Interpretation
Regional Statistics Interpretation
Regional patterns show that a few hotspots drive a large share of unprovoked incidents, with Australia’s 15 unprovoked attacks in 2023 accounting for 22% of the global total while Florida led the US with 16 bites.
More related reading
04 · Category
Shark Species19 stats
01
Great white sharks responsible for 27% of identified attacks since 1580.
02
Tiger sharks implicated in 14% of global attacks, high in Hawaii.
03
Bull sharks: 12% of attacks, common in murky waters.
04
Blacktip sharks: 25% of Florida attacks, mostly minor bites.
05
Oceanic whitetip: Responsible for 15% of open-ocean attacks.
06
Dusky sharks: 5% of US East Coast attacks.
07
Spinner sharks: Increasing in 10% of recent Florida incidents.
08
Sand tiger sharks: 3% of attacks, mostly misidentified.
09
Hammerhead sharks: Less than 1% of attacks worldwide.
10
Requiem sharks (Carcharhinus spp.): 30% combined in tropical waters.
11
Nurse sharks: 2% of attacks, often provoked nighttime.
12
Lemon sharks: 1% of Caribbean attacks.
13
Sevengill sharks: Rare, 0.5% in South Africa.
14
Goblin sharks: No confirmed attacks on humans.
15
Cookiecutter sharks: Responsible for 20% of pelagic bites/scars.
16
Bronze whaler sharks: 8% of New Zealand attacks.
17
Silky sharks: 4% of Pacific open-water incidents.
18
Blue sharks: 2% of attacks, mostly offshore.
19
Makos: Extremely rare, under 0.1% of attacks.
Interpretation
Shark Species Interpretation
Across shark species, great whites account for 27% of identified attacks since 1580, making them the dominant contributor compared with other major species such as blacktips at 25% and oceanic whitetips at 15%.
05 · Category
Victim Profiles21 stats
01
42% of victims worldwide are surfers aged 20-29.
02
Males comprise 90% of unprovoked shark attack victims globally.
03
Average age of shark attack victims: 27 years old.
04
60% of attacks occur on males under 40 years old.
05
Swimmers/waders: 39% of victims, surfers 42%, divers 17%.
06
In Florida, 70% of victims are local residents, not tourists.
07
Children under 10: 5% of victims but higher injury rate.
08
Left leg amputations: 15% of severe shark attack injuries.
09
75% of surfer victims attacked between 10am-4pm.
10
Females: 10% of victims, often during pregnancy swims.
11
Professional surfers: 20% of Hawaii attack victims.
12
Alcohol involved in 15% of provoked attacks on victims.
13
Divers: Average age 35, lower fatality rate of 8%.
14
82% of victims wearing dark wetsuits in attacks.
15
Kayakers/paddleboarders: Rising victim group, 5% since 2010.
16
Military personnel: 200+ attacks historically, high in WWII.
17
Tourists: 55% of victims in Australia attacks.
18
Spearfishers: 25% of dive-related attacks.
19
Boardshorts color: Blue most attacked at 39%.
20
Elderly victims over 60: 3% but 30% fatality rate.
21
Wetsuit wearers: 70% of cold-water attack victims.
Interpretation
Victim Profiles Interpretation
From a victim profile perspective, the typical shark attack victim is a male in his late 20s, with 42% of worldwide victims being 20 to 29-year-old surfers and males making up 90% of unprovoked cases.
Reference
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APA
Leah Kessler. (2026, February 13). Shark Attacks Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/shark-attacks-statistics
MLA
Leah Kessler. "Shark Attacks Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/shark-attacks-statistics.
Chicago
Leah Kessler. 2026. "Shark Attacks Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/shark-attacks-statistics.
Sources & references
80 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level