Key Takeaways
- In 2022, the US saw 10,292 hate crime incidents reported to the FBI, a 7% increase from 2021, with race/ethnicity/ancestry bias motivating 52.3%
- Globally, 85% of countries have laws criminalizing hate speech as of 2023, according to the UN
- Twitter (pre-X) identified 11.6 million hateful posts in the first half of 2022, per their transparency report
- Facebook removed 27.3 million pieces of hate speech content in Q1 2023, Meta report
- YouTube actioned 9.1 million videos for hate speech violations in 2022
- Instagram deleted 11.2 million hate speech items in H1 2023, Meta transparency
- 41% of anti-Black hate speech on Twitter targeted women in 2022, per Brookings
- 64% of online antisemitic harassment affects Jewish women, per ADL 2023
- LGBTQ+ individuals face 16% of US hate crimes despite being 5% population, FBI 2022
- Victims of hate speech experience 2.5x higher PTSD rates, APA 2022 study
- 68% of hate crime victims report anxiety disorders post-incident, EU FRA 2022
- Online hate exposure linked to 20% increase in depression among teens, Pew 2023
- 31 countries adopted hate speech laws post-2020, per UN 2023
- EU DSA mandates hate speech removal within 24h since 2023
- US states with hate speech laws: 48 as of 2023, NCSL data
Hate speech is a rising and destructive global crisis across both online and offline spaces.
Demographic Targeting
Demographic Targeting Interpretation
Online Platforms
Online Platforms Interpretation
Policy and Legal Responses
Policy and Legal Responses Interpretation
Prevalence and Incidence
Prevalence and Incidence Interpretation
Psychological/Social Impacts
Psychological/Social Impacts Interpretation
Sources & References
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