Even in 2023, women in the US receive 87% fewer callbacks than men for jobs when their resumes are identical in male-dominated fields. That pattern echoes across pay, promotions, and representation, alongside a persistent thread of workplace harassment that ranges from 68% in the UK in 2021 to 85% of women in the US reporting lifetime harassment. Here are the most telling statistics, country by country and role by role, to show where the gap holds and where it widens.
Key Takeaways
- In the US, women receive 87% fewer callbacks for jobs than men with identical resumes in male-dominated fields 2023 study
- UK blind recruitment trials show women 15% less likely to be shortlisted in STEM
- India 2022: Women 30% less likely to be hired for tech roles per resume audit
- Globally, women CEOs in Fortune 500 are only 10.6% in 2023
- US S&P 500 boards have 33% women in 2023, up from 17% in 2010
- UK FTSE 100 has 38% women on boards in 2023
- In the United States, women earn 84% of what men earn on average in 2023, with the gap widening to 76% for women without children compared to men with children
- Globally, the gender pay gap stands at 20% in 2023, meaning women earn 80 cents for every dollar men earn for similar work
- In the UK, full-time working women earned 7.3% less per hour than men in 2023, rising to 14.9% when including part-time workers
- Globally, women in managerial roles earn 23% less than men in 2022
- In the US, women are 48% less likely to be promoted to manager than men in 2023
- UK women hold only 29% of senior management positions despite being 47% of the workforce in 2023
- 85% of US women report experiencing sexual harassment at work in their lifetime
- In India, 53% of women face workplace sexual harassment per 2022 survey
- UK 2021 survey found 68% of women experienced harassment at work
Women face persistent pay and promotion gaps, plus widespread harassment, limiting career progress worldwide.
Related reading
01 · Category
Hiring And Recruitment Discrimination25 stats
01
In the US, women receive 87% fewer callbacks for jobs than men with identical resumes in male-dominated fields 2023 study
02
UK blind recruitment trials show women 15% less likely to be shortlisted in STEM
03
India 2022: Women 30% less likely to be hired for tech roles per resume audit
04
Australia women applicants 11% less successful in promotions/hiring 2023
05
EU study: Female economists get 30% fewer interview invitations than males
06
US orchestras with blind auditions saw women hires increase 25-50% since 1970s
07
Canada 2022: Mothers 40% less likely to be hired than childless women
08
South Korea women 20% less callbacks for managerial jobs 2023
09
Brazil resume study: Women names get 24% fewer callbacks
10
Germany field experiment: Single mothers 19% less hiring probability
11
France 2023: Women 12% less likely hired in finance with same quals
12
Nigeria women 35% less hired in formal sector per 2022 audit
13
Sweden despite equality, women 8% less callbacks in construction
14
South Africa 2023: Black women 50% fewer job offers in audits
15
Mexico women in manufacturing 25% less hired post-maternity
16
Italy CV study: Female names 13% fewer interviews
17
US tech hiring: Women 10% less offers despite equal skills 2023
18
Russia women 18% less hired for leadership roles 2022
19
China urban hiring: Women penalized 11% for marriage prospects
20
Netherlands mothers 15% less hiring rate in part-time roles
21
US retail: Female applicants 7% less callbacks post-40 age
22
Egypt women 40% less hired in private sector 2023
23
Spain audit: Women 9% less for managerial positions
24
Turkey 2022: Veiled women 22% fewer job interviews
25
US law firms hire women associates at 45% rate but retain less
Interpretation
Hiring And Recruitment Discrimination Interpretation
Across hiring and recruitment, women are consistently disadvantaged, with studies showing women get 87% fewer job callbacks in male-dominated US fields and also face lower shortlist and interview rates in the UK, India, the EU, and Australia.
02 · Category
Leadership And Representation Gaps25 stats
01
Globally, women CEOs in Fortune 500 are only 10.6% in 2023
02
US S&P 500 boards have 33% women in 2023, up from 17% in 2010
03
UK FTSE 100 has 38% women on boards in 2023
04
India Nifty 50 companies have 18% women directors in 2023
05
Australia ASX 200 executive women at 25% in 2023
06
EU largest firms 34% women on boards in 2023
07
US women C-suite officers 28% in Russell 3000 in 2023
08
Canada TSX 300 has 25% women directors 2023
09
Japan TOPIX 500 has 12% women executives 2023
10
Brazil B3 top 100 14% women CEOs 2023
11
Germany DAX 40 boards 27% women 2023
12
France CAC 40 42% women on boards 2023
13
Nigeria NSE top 20 10% women board chairs 2023
14
Sweden OMX Stockholm 30 38% women directors 2023
15
South Africa JSE 20% women CEOs 2023
16
Mexico IPC 15% women executives 2023
17
Italy FTSE MIB 35% women boards 2023
18
US venture capital partners 2% women 2023
19
Russia MOEX top 50 8% women C-level 2023
20
China SSE 50 7% women top executives 2023
21
Netherlands AEX 31% women boards 2023
22
US non-profits 45% women CEOs but paid 20% less 2023
23
Egypt EGX 30 12% women directors 2023
24
Spain IBEX 35 36% women boards 2023
25
Turkey BIST 100 18% women executives 2023
Interpretation
Leadership And Representation Gaps Interpretation
Even though women board representation is rising in several markets, with shares like the US S&P 500 growing from 17% in 2010 to 33% in 2023, top leadership still lags sharply, as shown by women CEOs holding just 10.6% of Fortune 500 roles in 2023, underscoring the persistent leadership and representation gaps in the workplace.
03 · Category
Pay And Wage Disparity30 stats
01
In the United States, women earn 84% of what men earn on average in 2023, with the gap widening to 76% for women without children compared to men with children
02
Globally, the gender pay gap stands at 20% in 2023, meaning women earn 80 cents for every dollar men earn for similar work
03
In the UK, full-time working women earned 7.3% less per hour than men in 2023, rising to 14.9% when including part-time workers
04
In India, the gender wage gap is 18% in urban areas and 28% in rural areas as of 2022
05
Australian women receive 21.7% less pay than men in full-time roles in 2023
06
In the EU, the unadjusted gender pay gap was 12.7% in 2022, varying from 0.5% in Romania to 25.3% in Latvia
07
US Black women earn 64 cents for every dollar white men earn, and Latinas earn 54 cents in 2023
08
In Canada, women earned 89.3 cents per dollar men earned in 2022, with larger gaps in high-paying sectors like finance at 25%
09
South Korean women face a 31.5% gender pay gap, the highest in OECD countries in 2022
10
In Brazil, women earn 78.6% of men's wages in formal employment as of 2022
11
Japanese women earn 74.5% of men's average salary in 2023
12
In Germany, the gender pay gap is 18% for full-time workers in 2022
13
French women earn 15.1% less than men hourly in 2022
14
In the tech industry globally, women earn 6% less than men for equivalent roles in 2023
15
Nigerian women in formal sector earn 36% less than men as per 2022 data
16
In Sweden, despite high equality, the pay gap is 10.4% in 2022
17
South African women earn 23% less than men in 2023
18
In Mexico, the gap is 16.5% for formal workers in 2022
19
Italian women face a 5.5% pay gap in 2022
20
In the US finance sector, women earn 25% less than men in 2023
21
Russian women earn 28.3% less than men in 2022
22
In China, urban women earn 15.4% less than men in 2022
23
Dutch women have a 14.1% pay gap in 2022
24
In the US healthcare, women nurses earn 5% less than male counterparts in 2023
25
Egyptian women earn 35% less in private sector jobs in 2022
26
In Spain, the pay gap is 11.6% in 2022
27
Turkish women face a 15.5% wage gap in 2022
28
In the US education sector, female teachers earn 93 cents per male dollar in 2023
29
Argentine women earn 24.5% less than men in 2022
30
In 2023, US women with advanced degrees earn 74 cents to men's dollar, compared to 84% for high school grads
Interpretation
Pay And Wage Disparity Interpretation
Across countries, pay and wage disparity persists at substantial levels, with women earning only 80 cents on the dollar globally in 2023 and still as low as 76% of men’s earnings for women without children in the United States, alongside EU unadjusted gaps of 12.7% in 2022 and full time losses in the UK of 7.3% per hour.
More related reading
04 · Category
Promotion And Career Advancement29 stats
01
Globally, women in managerial roles earn 23% less than men in 2022
02
In the US, women are 48% less likely to be promoted to manager than men in 2023
03
UK women hold only 29% of senior management positions despite being 47% of the workforce in 2023
04
In tech firms, women receive promotions at 0.85 times the rate of men from entry-level to manager in 2023
05
Indian women are 20% less likely to be promoted due to bias in performance reviews in 2022
06
In Australia, women occupy 33.5% of executive roles in ASX 200 companies in 2023
07
EU women hold 33% of board seats in largest companies but only 8% of CEO positions in 2023
08
US Latinas are promoted at half the rate of white men in corporate America in 2023
09
In Canada, women’s promotion rate to VP level is 15% lower than men’s in 2022
10
South Korea has women in 19.5% of executive positions in large firms in 2023
11
In Brazil, only 13% of C-suite roles are held by women in 2023
12
German companies have 18% women on supervisory boards under 30% quota in 2023
13
France mandates 40% women on boards, achieving 39.8% in CAC40 firms in 2023
14
In tech, women promoted to senior VP are 87% less likely than men in 2023
15
Nigeria sees women in 25% of managerial roles despite 40% workforce participation in 2022
16
Sweden has 40% women in top management but only 15% CEOs in 2023
17
South Africa’s JSE top 100 has 28% women directors in 2023
18
Mexico has 12.5% women executives in large firms in 2022
19
Italy achieved 35% women on boards post-law in 2023
20
US finance sector promotes women to partner at 50% lower rate in 2023
21
Russia has 5% women CEOs in Fortune Russia 100 in 2022
22
China’s Fortune Global 500 Chinese firms have 9% women executives in 2023
23
Netherlands boards have 32% women in large listed firms in 2023
24
US healthcare executives are 75% male despite 80% female workforce in 2023
25
Egypt has 18% women in managerial positions in 2022
26
Spain’s IBEX 35 boards have 34% women in 2023
27
Turkey has 15% women in top management in 2023
28
US academia promotes women professors at 80% rate of men in STEM in 2023
29
Globally, 42% of women left full-time work after motherhood vs 4% men, impacting advancement in 2023
Interpretation
Promotion And Career Advancement Interpretation
Across Promotion And Career Advancement, women still face a consistent promotion gap, earning 23% less than men in managerial roles globally and being 48% less likely to be promoted to managers in the US, even as they remain underrepresented in senior leadership such as only 29% of UK senior management.
05 · Category
Sexual Harassment And Hostile Work Environment26 stats
01
85% of US women report experiencing sexual harassment at work in their lifetime
02
In India, 53% of women face workplace sexual harassment per 2022 survey
03
UK 2021 survey found 68% of women experienced harassment at work
04
81% of women in Australia reported sexual harassment in workplaces 2018-2023
05
EU-wide, 58% of women faced harassment at work in past year per 2022 Eurobarometer
06
US EEOC received 27,291 sexual harassment charges in FY2022, 78% filed by women
07
In Japan, 30% of women reported harassment in 2022 government survey
08
Brazil 2022 data shows 52% women experienced harassment
09
Germany’s 2023 survey: 48% women faced sexualized discrimination at work
10
France reports 28% women harassed at work in 2022 IFOP poll
11
In tech US, 44% women quit due to harassment per 2023 survey
12
Nigeria 2022: 79% women faced harassment in professional settings
13
Sweden 2023: 41% women experienced sexual harassment at work
14
South Africa 2021: 50% women reported workplace harassment
15
Mexico 2022: 99% women faced violence including harassment per survey
16
Italy 2023: 63% young women reported harassment
17
US military: 24% women experienced unwanted sexual contact 2021-2023
18
Russia 2022: 30% women faced sexual harassment per Levada poll
19
China 2023: 16% women reported workplace harassment
20
Netherlands 2022: 52% women experienced sexual intimidation at work
21
US hospitality: 58% women faced harassment per 2023 survey
22
Egypt 2023: 73% women experienced harassment in public/work
23
Spain 2022: 45% women reported sexual violence at work
24
Turkey 2023: 55% women faced harassment per Konda survey
25
US academia: 38% women faculty reported harassment 2022
26
75% of women who experience harassment do not report it due to fear of retaliation globally
Interpretation
Sexual Harassment And Hostile Work Environment Interpretation
Across regions, sexual harassment remains a persistent workplace problem, with 85% of US women reporting it over their lifetime and EU-wide 58% reporting harassment in the past year, while in the US the EEOC saw 27,291 sexual harassment charges in FY2022 that were 78% filed by women.
report visual · Key figures
Workplace discrimination is widespread
Across regions and hiring stages, women face sizable disadvantages in callbacks, hiring, promotions, and leadership access, and many also report high rates of harassment.
87%
In the US, women receive 87% fewer callbacks for jobs than men with identical resumes in male-dominated fields 2023 stud
15%
UK blind recruitment trials show women 15% less likely to be shortlisted in STEM
35%
Nigeria women 35% less hired in formal sector per 2022 audit
48%
In the US, women are 48% less likely to be promoted to manager than men in 2023
50%
South Africa 2023: Black women 50% fewer job offers in audits
85%
85% of US women report experiencing sexual harassment at work in their lifetime
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Christopher Morgan. (2026, February 13). Gender Discrimination In Workplace Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/gender-discrimination-in-workplace-statistics
MLA
Christopher Morgan. "Gender Discrimination In Workplace Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/gender-discrimination-in-workplace-statistics.
Chicago
Christopher Morgan. 2026. "Gender Discrimination In Workplace Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/gender-discrimination-in-workplace-statistics.
Sources & references
100 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level