Sustainability In The Shipbuilding Industry Statistics 2026

Shipping emissions under EU ETS coverage total about 100 million tonnes of CO2e each year. Life cycle assessments show steel production accounts for the largest share of embodied emissions in shipbuilding. Efficiency upgrades and alternative fuel orders register in order data yet operate against these fixed upstream volumes.

Key Takeaways

EU ETS covered intra-EU maritime emissions and extra-EU trips between EU ports, with an estimated 2024 ETS coverage of about 100 million tonnes CO2e annually for shipping (reported expectation)
25% of global shipping sector emissions could be reduced by energy-efficiency improvements by 2030 in IEA’s 2022 scenario for technical measures (share stated in IEA analysis)
7% of shipyard emissions are typically associated with steelmaking upstream (scope depends on LCA boundary) in industry LCA summaries (reported contribution by scope in published LCA synthesis)
Ammonia-fueled vessel orders were 36% of zero-emission orderbook by number by end-2023 (from DNV’s market tracking breakdown)
Methanol-powered vessels represented 7% of newbuild orders in 2023 in major order-tracking datasets (reported share of alternative fuel newbuild pipeline)
Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 extended EU market surveillance requirements relevant to maritime equipment, supporting environmental product compliance frameworks (regulatory scope)
EU MRV for shipping requires reporting of CO2 emissions and other parameters; targets cover all ships calling at EU ports above the threshold, with reports submitted annually (scope stated by the EU Commission Implementing Regulation)
EU ETS for shipping started on 1 January 2024 for emissions from voyages between EU ports (legal basis: EU ETS directive extension adopted by EU co-legislators)
A typical upside of around 10% lower energy use has been reported for designs that improve hull form and propulsive efficiency (range varies by ship type) in ship efficiency retrofit evaluations by IEA
IMO’s EEDI/EEXI framework is designed to reduce energy consumption per transport work by requiring incremental efficiency improvements for new ships (quantitative reduction factors depend on ship type and size)
A 2020 peer-reviewed study found up to 15% fuel savings from propeller upgrades (efficiency improvement), quantified in model and sea-trial contexts across vessel cases
A 2022 IEA report projected global cumulative investment needs for clean energy transitions; for shipping, it estimated that clean fuels and efficiency measures require tens of billions of dollars annually (order-of-magnitude stated by IEA)
Battery systems represent a major cost driver for battery-electric vessels; a 2023 vendor benchmark reported pack costs around $120–$150 per kWh for large-scale deployments (range depends on application and procurement)
Scrubber retrofits cost typically range between $2 million and $8 million per vessel depending on vessel type and installation scope (reported retrofit cost range in industry analysis)

EU rules and cleaner fuels are accelerating, while efficiency gains and technologies can cut energy use and emissions.

01 · Category

Emissions Baselines7 stats

EU ETS covered intra-EU maritime emissions and extra-EU trips between EU ports, with an estimated 2024 ETS coverage of about 100 million tonnes CO2e annually for shipping (reported expectation)

25% of global shipping sector emissions could be reduced by energy-efficiency improvements by 2030 in IEA’s 2022 scenario for technical measures (share stated in IEA analysis)

7% of shipyard emissions are typically associated with steelmaking upstream (scope depends on LCA boundary) in industry LCA summaries (reported contribution by scope in published LCA synthesis)

Life-cycle analysis of conventional shipbuilding materials indicates that steel production dominates life-cycle GHG impacts, accounting for a major majority of embodied emissions (reported share range across LCAs)

A 2020 cradle-to-gate study estimated embodied emissions for typical ship steel at around 1.8–2.3 tCO2e per tonne of steel produced (range by production route and electricity mix)

For LNG-fueled ships, methane slip can offset some well-to-wake climate benefits; one review quantified methane slip sensitivity where leakage above about 3% can erase part of the GHG advantage versus oil (review threshold stated)

A 2023 peer-reviewed review found that GHG savings from alternative marine fuels vary widely, with life-cycle reductions ranging from 10% to over 90% depending on production pathway and engine/fuel system assumptions

Interpretation

Emissions Baselines Interpretation

For the Emissions Baselines, the starting point is that shipping emissions are substantial and measurable at roughly 100 million tonnes of CO2e annually under EU ETS coverage, while life cycle studies show steel production overwhelmingly drives embodied GHG impacts with typical ship steel at about 1.8 to 2.3 tCO2e per tonne, meaning improvements later in operations only partly change the overall baseline compared with the upstream emissions profile.

02 · Category

Industry Trends2 stats

Ammonia-fueled vessel orders were 36% of zero-emission orderbook by number by end-2023 (from DNV’s market tracking breakdown)

Methanol-powered vessels represented 7% of newbuild orders in 2023 in major order-tracking datasets (reported share of alternative fuel newbuild pipeline)

Interpretation

Industry Trends Interpretation

In industry trends for sustainability, zero emission momentum is building as ammonia fueled vessels accounted for 36% of the zero emission orderbook by number by end 2023, while methanol powered newbuilds still made up 7% of orders in 2023.

03 · Category

Regulatory & Compliance7 stats

Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 extended EU market surveillance requirements relevant to maritime equipment, supporting environmental product compliance frameworks (regulatory scope)

EU MRV for shipping requires reporting of CO2 emissions and other parameters; targets cover all ships calling at EU ports above the threshold, with reports submitted annually (scope stated by the EU Commission Implementing Regulation)

EU ETS for shipping started on 1 January 2024 for emissions from voyages between EU ports (legal basis: EU ETS directive extension adopted by EU co-legislators)

EU Sulphur limit in SECA areas requires 0.10% m/m sulphur from 1 January 2020 (SECA compliance thresholds referenced in EU policy materials)

In the EU, the shipbuilding sector is subject to the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) activities in certain cases; permitting coverage depends on capacity thresholds (Directive includes quantified thresholds)

Ship Recycling Regulation requires using the Inventory of Hazardous Materials (IHM) and provides obligations for inspections of ships before recycling (as mandated by EU law)

A 2022 European Commission impact assessment estimated that reducing plastic in maritime operations has compliance effects measured in millions of EUR due to waste management and reporting (quantified within IA tables)

Interpretation

Regulatory & Compliance Interpretation

Regulatory and compliance pressure in EU shipbuilding is tightening rapidly, with rules such as EU MRV covering all ships above port-call thresholds and the EU ETS ramping up in 2024 for voyages between EU ports, alongside ongoing sulphur limits of 0.10% in SECA areas from 2020.

Sustainability In IndustrySustainability In The Airline Industry Statistics

04 · Category

Performance Metrics10 stats

A typical upside of around 10% lower energy use has been reported for designs that improve hull form and propulsive efficiency (range varies by ship type) in ship efficiency retrofit evaluations by IEA

IMO’s EEDI/EEXI framework is designed to reduce energy consumption per transport work by requiring incremental efficiency improvements for new ships (quantitative reduction factors depend on ship type and size)

A 2020 peer-reviewed study found up to 15% fuel savings from propeller upgrades (efficiency improvement), quantified in model and sea-trial contexts across vessel cases

A 2021 study reported that waste heat recovery systems can achieve thermal efficiency gains resulting in up to ~8% fuel consumption reduction for suitable ship configurations

A 2019 peer-reviewed synthesis reported that air lubrication systems can reduce fuel consumption by up to about 10% under favorable conditions

A 2022 study found scrubbers (exhaust gas cleaning systems) can reduce SOx emissions by about 95%+ depending on operating conditions and type

A 2023 study reported that improved hull coating performance can reduce fuel consumption by 0.5%–2.0% over typical intervals depending on coating type and maintenance

A 2022 peer-reviewed paper quantified that shipboard photovoltaic systems can provide up to ~5% of a vessel’s auxiliary power demand depending on installation area and irradiance

A 2021 LCA-based analysis of alternative ship fuels found that switching from heavy fuel oil to LNG reduces life-cycle GHG emissions by roughly 15%–25% over certain methane leakage assumptions (range depends on leakage)

A 2020 study estimated that hydrogen fuel-cell propulsion can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 80%–90% compared with conventional fuels when produced with low-carbon pathways (case-dependent)

Interpretation

Performance Metrics Interpretation

Performance metrics show that targeted ship efficiency upgrades can deliver meaningful fuel and emissions gains at the tens-of-percent level, such as up to about 10% lower energy use from hull and propulsion improvements and 15% to 25% lower life-cycle GHG emissions from switching from heavy fuel oil to LNG, with additional measures like air lubrication and waste heat recovery pushing savings further up to around 10% and about 8% respectively depending on ship design and operating conditions.

05 · Category

Cost Analysis11 stats

A 2022 IEA report projected global cumulative investment needs for clean energy transitions; for shipping, it estimated that clean fuels and efficiency measures require tens of billions of dollars annually (order-of-magnitude stated by IEA)

Battery systems represent a major cost driver for battery-electric vessels; a 2023 vendor benchmark reported pack costs around $120–$150 per kWh for large-scale deployments (range depends on application and procurement)

Scrubber retrofits cost typically range between $2 million and $8 million per vessel depending on vessel type and installation scope (reported retrofit cost range in industry analysis)

A 2021 study reported that installing LNG dual-fuel engines increases upfront shipbuilding cost by about 5%–15% compared with conventional propulsion systems (range depends on vessel design and scope)

A 2020 peer-reviewed cost study found that IMO EEDI/EEXI-compliant design packages (efficiency devices) typically increase capital expenditure by 1%–3% for several bulk carrier and container configurations (reported by case-study calculations)

Green steel transition costs: a 2023 World Steel Association analysis indicated hydrogen-based DRI pathways can add 10%–30% to steel cost versus blast furnaces under certain assumptions (use depends on application)

The EU’s ship recycling requirements drive costs for inventory of hazardous materials and compliance audits; authorized yards must maintain an IHM (Inventory of Hazardous Materials) throughout lifecycle (cost impact described by EU guidance with quantified audit fee examples in annexes)

A 2022 lifecycle cost and payback analysis of hull air lubrication systems estimated payback periods of around 1–5 years depending on fuel price and harbor conditions (reported case-study outcomes)

A 2019 study estimated that on-board energy management systems can yield net savings sufficient for payback within approximately 1–2 years for certain ship types, based on modeled fuel and maintenance changes

A 2023 report by DNV assessed that greenfield and retrofitted wind-assisted propulsion can reduce operating costs; the report quantified operating cost reductions of several percentage points depending on voyage profile (range stated in the report)

A 2021 study reported that material/weight reduction strategies (e.g., optimized scantlings) can reduce steel usage by up to 10% in certain ship designs while maintaining structural requirements

Interpretation

Cost Analysis Interpretation

Across the cost analysis evidence, decarbonizing shipbuilding is increasingly shaped by a few repeatable price drivers, with estimates pointing to battery pack costs around $120 to $150 per kWh, scrubber retrofits of roughly $2 million to $8 million per vessel, and propulsion or efficiency upgrades adding about 1% to 15% to upfront costs while measures like air lubrication and onboard energy management can still shorten payback to about 1 to 5 years depending on conditions.

Reference

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APA

Min-ji Park. (2026, February 13). Sustainability In The Shipbuilding Industry Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/sustainability-in-the-shipbuilding-industry-statistics

MLA

Min-ji Park. "Sustainability In The Shipbuilding Industry Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/sustainability-in-the-shipbuilding-industry-statistics.

Chicago

Min-ji Park. 2026. "Sustainability In The Shipbuilding Industry Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/sustainability-in-the-shipbuilding-industry-statistics.