In 2022, Nigeria recorded about 1.8 million people living with HIV, yet the journey from infection to viral suppression is uneven, with only 68% of those on ART achieving suppression. Women carry a heavier burden than men, and the gaps narrow and widen again across testing, treatment, and prevention. How did Nigeria get to 82% treatment coverage among diagnosed adults while condom use and HIV testing lag behind for many key groups?
Key Takeaways
- Women 15-49 HIV prevalence 1.6% vs men 1.1% in 2022
- Females account for 62% of PLHIV in Nigeria 2022
- HIV prevalence among women 1.9% vs 1.0% men in 2018 NDHS
- In 2022, Nigeria had an estimated 1.8 million people living with HIV
- Adult HIV prevalence in Nigeria was 1.4% in 2022 among 15-49 year olds
- New HIV infections in Nigeria totaled 76,000 in 2022
- Condom use at last sex 85% FSW, 45% general population 2018 NDHS
- PrEP initiations 50,000 key populations 2022
- Voluntary medical male circumcision coverage 25% eligible men 2022
- HIV testing coverage among adults 15-49 was 25% in 2018 NDHS
- 85% of diagnosed PLHIV knew status by end 2022
- PMTCT testing coverage 92% pregnant women 2021
- ART coverage reached 82% among diagnosed adults 2022
- 1.5 million on ART in Nigeria end 2022
- Viral suppression among PLHIV on ART 68% 2022
In 2022, 1.8 million Nigerians were living with HIV, with women more affected and coverage and treatment improving.
Related reading
01 · Category
Demographics27 stats
01
Women 15-49 HIV prevalence 1.6% vs men 1.1% in 2022
02
Females account for 62% of PLHIV in Nigeria 2022
03
HIV prevalence among women 1.9% vs 1.0% men in 2018 NDHS
04
Youth females 15-24 prevalence 1.2% vs males 0.5% 2022
05
Children 0-14 living with HIV: 110,000 in 2022
06
Elderly 50+ HIV prevalence 2.5% in some states 2018
07
Adolescents girls 10-19 account for 25% new infections
08
Male PLHIV 690,000 vs female 1.1 million 2022
09
Rural women prevalence 1.4% vs urban 2.0% 2018
10
Northern region low prevalence 0.6% but high population impact
11
South-South highest female prevalence 4.1% 2018
12
45% PLHIV are of reproductive age 15-49 2022
13
Gender disparity: women 2x more affected than men
14
Children <15 represent 6% of PLHIV 2022
15
Urban males prevalence 1.3% vs rural 0.9% 2018 NDHS
16
Pregnant women demographics show 70% in low-prevalence states
17
FSW median age 25 years with HIV prevalence peaking 25-29
18
MSM age 18-24 highest new infections subgroup
19
PWID mostly males 90% HIV positive cases 2021
20
1.1 million women of childbearing age living with HIV
21
Adolescents 10-19: 200,000 PLHIV estimated 2022
22
North-East low female prevalence 0.8% due to conflict
23
Highest burden states: Akwa Ibom 80,000 PLHIV mostly adults
24
55% PLHIV female in high-prevalence states 2018
25
Youth 20-24 females 1.8% prevalence peak
26
Male truck drivers 35-44 age group 5% prevalence
27
70% PLHIV aware of status in urban demographics 2022
Interpretation
Demographics Interpretation
Under the demographics lens, HIV in Nigeria shows a clear gender gap with women consistently higher than men, including 1.6% versus 1.1% in 2022 and females making up 62% of people living with HIV.
02 · Category
Prevalence And Incidence30 stats
01
In 2022, Nigeria had an estimated 1.8 million people living with HIV
02
Adult HIV prevalence in Nigeria was 1.4% in 2022 among 15-49 year olds
03
New HIV infections in Nigeria totaled 76,000 in 2022
04
HIV incidence rate in Nigeria was 0.39 per 1,000 uninfected population in 2022
05
Nigeria accounted for 4.5% of global HIV burden in 2022
06
States like Akwa Ibom had HIV prevalence of 5.6% in 2018 NASCP survey
07
Benue state HIV prevalence was 6.2% in adults per 2018 data
08
Lagos state adult HIV prevalence 1.4% in 2018
09
HIV prevalence in Rivers state was 3.7% per 2018 survey
10
National HIV prevalence dropped from 1.8% in 2018 to 1.4% in 2022
11
54,000 AIDS-related deaths in Nigeria in 2022
12
HIV prevalence among pregnant women was 0.98% in 2021 PMTCT data
13
Key population HIV prevalence averaged 4.2% in 2021 IBBS
14
Female sex workers in Nigeria had 6.5% HIV prevalence in 2021
15
Men who have sex with men HIV prevalence 12.2% per 2021 IBBS
16
People who inject drugs HIV prevalence 8.9% in select states 2021
17
HIV incidence among adults 0.4% in 2020 modeling
18
Regional prevalence highest in South-South Nigeria at 3.1%
19
North-Central zone prevalence 2.0% per 2018 data
20
South-East HIV prevalence 1.9% adults 2018
21
1.3 million women living with HIV in Nigeria 2022
22
Projected HIV prevalence to decline to 1.0% by 2030 if trends continue
23
Urban areas HIV prevalence 1.6% vs rural 1.1% in 2018
24
Youth 15-24 HIV prevalence 0.9% nationally 2022
25
Annual new infections declined 25% from 2010-2022
26
HIV burden 2nd highest in West/Central Africa 2022
27
2023 NACA report: 1.7 million PLHIV estimated
28
Prevalence in truck drivers 4.3% per IBBS 2021
29
Mobile populations HIV prevalence 3.2% 2021
30
Antenatal clinic sentinel surveillance shows 1.0% prevalence 2022
Interpretation
Prevalence And Incidence Interpretation
In 2022, Nigeria’s HIV burden remained high with about 1.8 million people living with HIV and an adult prevalence of 1.4% among ages 15 to 49, alongside 76,000 new infections and an incidence rate of 0.39 per 1,000 uninfected people, showing that prevalence and ongoing transmission are still closely linked across the country.
03 · Category
Prevention And Behavior25 stats
01
Condom use at last sex 85% FSW, 45% general population 2018 NDHS
02
PrEP initiations 50,000 key populations 2022
03
Voluntary medical male circumcision coverage 25% eligible men 2022
04
Comprehensive condom programming distributed 200 million 2022
05
PMTCT coverage prevented 50,000 infections in infants 2022
06
Behavior surveys show multiple partners 15% adults 2018
07
Needle syringe program reached 100,000 PWID 2021
08
HIV knowledge 75% comprehensive among youth 15-24 2018
09
OST coverage 20% PWID 2021 IBBS
10
Age-disparate sex 25% adolescent girls 2018 NDHS
11
500 DREAMS program sites for AGYW prevention 2022
12
Transactional sex 35% women 15-24 reported 2018
13
VMMC 2.5 million procedures since 2013
14
Contraceptive use among HIV+ women 45% 2021
15
Stigma index shows 40% discrimination PLHIV 2021
16
Safe injection practices 90% health facilities audited
17
Peer education reached 5 million youth 2022
18
PrEP awareness 30% MSM, 20% FSW 2021 IBBS
19
Blood safety 99% screened units 2022
20
Mother-to-child transmission rate reduced to 4.5% 2022
21
Abstinence/delayed sex 60% youth reported 2018
22
Harm reduction programs in 15 states for PWID
23
95% schools HIV education integrated curriculum
24
Consistent condom use general pop 20% last high-risk sex
25
AGYW DREAMS reached 300,000 girls 2022
Interpretation
Prevention And Behavior Interpretation
Nigeria’s prevention and behavior indicators show strong condom use among FSW at 85% but much lower uptake in the general population at 45% while PrEP initiatives reach about 50,000 key population members and behavior surveys still find 15% of adults reporting multiple partners, underscoring that improving consistent prevention behaviors beyond key groups remains crucial.
More related reading
04 · Category
Testing And Diagnosis29 stats
01
HIV testing coverage among adults 15-49 was 25% in 2018 NDHS
02
85% of diagnosed PLHIV knew status by end 2022
03
PMTCT testing coverage 92% pregnant women 2021
04
Key populations tested: FSW 78%, MSM 65%, PWID 55% in 2021 IBBS
05
National HIV testing services reached 27 million tests 2022
06
Self-testing kits distributed 1.2 million in 2022
07
Index testing identified 150,000 positives 2022
08
Community testing uptake 40% among youth 2022
09
Facility-based testing 70% of total HTS 2022
10
Testing positivity rate 1.5% nationally 2022
11
Partner notification testing yield 5% positives 2021
12
95-95-95 first 95% (diagnosis) at 85% achievement 2022
13
Mobile testing units conducted 500,000 tests in hard-to-reach areas
14
School-based HIV testing reached 100,000 adolescents 2022
15
Viral load testing before diagnosis confirmation 90% facilities
16
TB/HIV collaborative testing 80% TB patients tested 2022
17
Testing in prisons reached 60% inmates 2021
18
Hotline HIV testing referrals 50,000 calls 2022
19
EID testing for HEIs 95% within 48 hours target
20
Recency testing implemented in 10 states 2022
21
Youth-friendly testing centers 200 operational 2022
22
Testing coverage FSW increased to 82% from 70% 2018-2021
23
MSM testing barriers reduced by 20% via peer outreach 2022
24
30 million tests cumulatively 2019-2022 under GF grant
25
Diagnosis gap closed to 15% of PLHIV undiagnosed 2022
26
ART initiation same day testing 75% facilities 2022
27
92% of pregnant women tested at first ANC 2021 PMTCT
28
HIV testing in emergency departments 50% coverage 2022
29
1.4 million diagnosed PLHIV out of 1.8 million 2022
Interpretation
Testing And Diagnosis Interpretation
Nigeria’s Testing and Diagnosis efforts show strong reach in recent years, with PMTCT testing at 92% for pregnant women in 2021 and national HIV testing services delivering 27 million tests in 2022, even though adult HIV testing coverage was still only 25% in 2018.
05 · Category
Treatment And Art29 stats
01
ART coverage reached 82% among diagnosed adults 2022
02
1.5 million on ART in Nigeria end 2022
03
Viral suppression among PLHIV on ART 68% 2022
04
95-95-95 second 95% (treatment) at 82% 2022
05
Pediatric ART coverage 35% among children living with HIV 2022
06
Dolutegravir transition 90% first-line regimens 2022
07
ART retention at 12 months 85% nationally 2021
08
1,200 health facilities providing ART services 2022
09
PMTCT ART coverage 94% HIV+ pregnant women 2021
10
Community ART groups 50,000 members multi-month dispensing
11
Viral load testing coverage 45% on ART >12 months 2022
12
TB preventive therapy 60% PLHIV on ART 2022
13
Differentiated service delivery models in 80% states
14
Second-line ART 45,000 patients 2022
15
ART initiation within 7 days diagnosis 90% 2022
16
300,000 new ART enrollments 2022
17
Viral suppression women 70% vs men 65% 2022
18
Children on ART increased 20% 2021-2022
19
Multi-month scripting 6 months 40% stable patients 2022
20
ART stockouts reduced to <5% facilities 2022
21
95% third 95% (suppression) at 68% 2022 gap
22
Key pop ART coverage FSW 65%, MSM 55% 2021
23
Adolescent ART retention 75% at 24 months
24
Fixed-dose combinations 95% pediatric formulations available
25
LTFU rate 10% first year on ART 2021
26
2 million ART courses procured 2022 GF/PEPFAR
27
Viral load monitoring labs 50 operational 2022
28
Pre-ART CD4 testing 80% before initiation
29
PMTCT Option B+ 98% uptake among positives 2021
Interpretation
Treatment And Art Interpretation
In Nigeria’s Treatment and ART landscape, ART coverage is strong at 82% among diagnosed adults and viral suppression is 68% in 2022, showing meaningful progress but still a sizable gap to fully realize the promise of the 95-95-95 second 95% at 82%.
report visual · Breakdown
Women vs men: HIV prevalence in Nigeria (2022)
Women (15–49) have higher HIV prevalence than men (2022).
1.9%
HIV prevalence among women 1.9% vs 1.0% men in 2018 NDHS
98%
PMTCT Option B+ 98% uptake among positives 2021
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Margot Villeneuve. (2026, February 13). Nigeria Hiv Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/nigeria-hiv-statistics
MLA
Margot Villeneuve. "Nigeria Hiv Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/nigeria-hiv-statistics.
Chicago
Margot Villeneuve. 2026. "Nigeria Hiv Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/nigeria-hiv-statistics.
Sources & references
9 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level