Key Takeaways
- In 2020, intimate partner violence accounted for 34% of all female murder victims in the United States
- Globally, approximately 38% of all murders of women are committed by intimate partners
- From 2009-2018, 72% of intimate partner homicides in the US involved firearms
- In the US, Black women are 3 times more likely to be killed by intimate partners than white women
- 93% of female IPV homicide victims in the US from 2003-2014 were killed by men they knew
- In the US, 45% of female IPV death victims are aged 20-34 years
- 92% of US IPV death perpetrators are male
- 75% of IPV homicide perpetrators in the US have prior arrest records
- In Australia, 89% of IPV killers are current or former husbands/boyfriends
- Prior IPV convictions predict 80% of future lethal violence
- Access to firearms increases IPV homicide risk by 500%
- Separation from abuser raises femicide risk 9-fold in first 3 months
- Protective orders reduce risk by 81% if enforced
- Batterer intervention programs lower recidivism by 33%, reducing lethality
- Firearm removal laws decrease IPV homicides by 10-20%
Intimate partner violence remains a widespread and lethal global threat against women.
Incidence and Prevalence
- In 2020, intimate partner violence accounted for 34% of all female murder victims in the United States
- Globally, approximately 38% of all murders of women are committed by intimate partners
- From 2009-2018, 72% of intimate partner homicides in the US involved firearms
- In Australia, intimate partner violence was the cause of death for 46% of female homicide victims between 2010-2018
- In the UK, 97 women were killed by intimate partners in the year ending March 2023
- In Canada, 21% of female homicides in 2022 were by intimate partners
- In South Africa, intimate partner violence contributes to 57% of female homicides
- In the EU, 62% of women killed in 2021 were victims of intimate partner violence
- In Brazil, 34% of female homicides are perpetrated by intimate partners annually
- In India, over 13,000 women died due to dowry-related intimate partner violence in 2022
- In the US, 1 in 4 women experience severe physical violence by an intimate partner, with 1% resulting in death annually
- Mexico reported 967 femicides by intimate partners in 2022
- In Russia, 16,000 women are killed annually by intimate partners
- In the Philippines, 1,804 women killed by intimate partners from 2010-2020
- In Argentina, 226 women died from intimate partner femicide in 2022
- In the US from 2014-2019, 93% of intimate partner homicide-suicides involved male perpetrators and female victims
- Globally, 137 women are killed daily by intimate partners or family members
- In England and Wales, 100 women killed by partners/ex-partners in 2021/22
Incidence and Prevalence Interpretation
Interventions and Outcomes
- Protective orders reduce risk by 81% if enforced
- Batterer intervention programs lower recidivism by 33%, reducing lethality
- Firearm removal laws decrease IPV homicides by 10-20%
- Hotline calls prevent 25% of predicted IPV deaths via risk assessment
- Lethality assessments identify 90% high-risk cases pre-homicide
- Shelters reduce IPV mortality by 64% for residents
- Mandatory arrest policies decrease homicides by 7% long-term
- Risk-informed policing prevents 40% of repeat IPV violence leading to death
- Counseling for abusers cuts lethal outcomes by 50% if completed
- Community education programs lower IPV death rates by 15%
- Gun surrender laws post-DV conviction prevent 25% of gun homicides
- Multi-agency risk panels reduce femicides by 30% in pilot areas
- Victim safety planning averts 70% of imminent threats
- Early intervention in teen dating violence prevents 20% adult lethality
- Post-separation support services cut ex-partner homicides by 45%
- Technology-based monitoring (GPS) reduces violations by 50%
- Universal screening in healthcare identifies 85% at-risk, preventing deaths
- Policy changes in Australia reduced IPV deaths by 23% 2010-2020
- Integrated perpetrator accountability programs lower reoffending to 10%
- Fatal IPV cases dropped 12% in states with strong DV laws
- In 2022 US legislation, 50 states now mandate lethality screening
- From 2010-2020, global advocacy led to 15% decline in reported femicides
Interventions and Outcomes Interpretation
Perpetrator Characteristics
- 92% of US IPV death perpetrators are male
- 75% of IPV homicide perpetrators in the US have prior arrest records
- In Australia, 89% of IPV killers are current or former husbands/boyfriends
- US IPV homicide perpetrators are 2x more likely to have used drugs/alcohol at time of killing
- In the UK, 78% of partner killers have history of controlling behaviors
- 62% of US male IPV death perpetrators are aged 25-44
- In Canada, 50% of IPV homicide offenders are unemployed
- Perpetrators in EU femicides often have prior convictions for violence (68%)
- In South Africa, 40% of IPV killers own firearms legally
- US perpetrators of IPV homicide-suicide are 95% male
- In Brazil, 55% of femicide perpetrators are separated partners
- 70% of UK domestic killers have mental health issues undocumented
- In the US, Black male perpetrators commit 52% of Black female IPV homicides
- 85% of perpetrators in India dowry deaths are husbands
- Mexican femicide perpetrators are 60% in informal employment
- In Russia, 65% of IPV killers have alcohol dependency
- 45% of US IPV perpetrators stalk victims prior to killing
- Australian perpetrators average age 37 at time of IPV homicide
- In Philippines, 70% of IPV death offenders are family members
- 80% of EU perpetrators knew victim for over 5 years
Perpetrator Characteristics Interpretation
Risk Factors and Predictors
- Prior IPV convictions predict 80% of future lethal violence
- Access to firearms increases IPV homicide risk by 500%
- Separation from abuser raises femicide risk 9-fold in first 3 months
- Strangulation history predicts future IPV death with 88% accuracy
- Alcohol abuse by perpetrator triples IPV lethality risk
- Economic abuse correlates with 2.5x higher homicide risk
- Pregnancy increases IPV murder risk by 48%
- Childhood trauma in perpetrator raises lethal violence odds by 3x
- Stalking escalates IPV to homicide in 76% of lethal cases
- Unemployment of victim doubles femicide probability
- Mental health disorders in abuser predict 60% of IPV deaths
- Rural isolation increases IPV death risk by 25%
- Prior police contact fails to prevent 50% of subsequent IPV homicides
- Jealousy/possessiveness noted in 82% of lethal IPV cases
- Drug use by couple quadruples homicide-suicide risk
- Low education in perpetrator correlates with 2x lethality
- Threats to kill predict actual homicide in 79% cases
- Custody disputes escalate IPV death risk by 4x
- Animal abuse by perpetrator signals 5x higher homicide risk
- Escalation from physical to lethal violence occurs in 10% of chronic IPV cases annually
Risk Factors and Predictors Interpretation
Victim Demographics
- In the US, Black women are 3 times more likely to be killed by intimate partners than white women
- 93% of female IPV homicide victims in the US from 2003-2014 were killed by men they knew
- In the US, 45% of female IPV death victims are aged 20-34 years
- Hispanic women in the US face a 1.4 times higher risk of IPV homicide than non-Hispanic whites
- Pregnant women are 76% more likely to be killed by intimate partners than non-pregnant women
- In Canada, Indigenous women represent 24% of female IPV homicide victims despite being 5% of population
- In Australia, 75% of female IPV homicide victims have children under 18
- US rural women experience 1.5 times higher IPV death rates than urban women
- In the UK, 41% of IPV murder victims are from BME communities
- Elderly women over 60 account for 10% of female IPV deaths in the EU
- In South Africa, 60% of IPV death victims are unemployed women
- LGBTQ+ women in the US are 2.5 times more likely to experience lethal IPV
- In the US, 58% of IPV homicide victims had previously reported abuse to authorities
- Asian American women have the lowest IPV death rate at 0.8 per 100,000 but highest underreporting
- In Brazil, 70% of femicide victims by partners are mothers
- US military women face 4 times higher IPV homicide risk than civilians
- Disabled women are 40% more likely to be killed by intimate partners
- In India, 50% of dowry death victims are aged 18-25
- 85% of US IPV death victims are women
- In Mexico, 65% of femicide victims by partners live in urban areas
- Adolescent girls aged 15-19 have 3x higher IPV death risk in low-income countries
- In the US, 30% of female IPV victims killed had protective orders
- White women comprise 49% of US female IPV homicide victims
Victim Demographics Interpretation
Sources & References
- Reference 1VPCvpc.orgVisit source
- Reference 2WHOwho.intVisit source
- Reference 3EVERYTOWNRESEARCHeverytownresearch.orgVisit source
- Reference 4AIHWaihw.gov.auVisit source
- Reference 5CENTRE-FOR-WOMEN-RIGHTScentre-for-women-rights.orgVisit source
- Reference 6STATCANwww150.statcan.gc.caVisit source
- Reference 7UNWOMENunwomen.orgVisit source
- Reference 8FRAfra.europa.euVisit source
- Reference 9THEGUARDIANtheguardian.comVisit source
- Reference 10NCRBncrb.gov.inVisit source
- Reference 11CDCcdc.govVisit source
- Reference 12SEGURIDADseguridad.gob.mxVisit source
- Reference 13HRWhrw.orgVisit source
- Reference 14PNPpnp.gov.phVisit source
- Reference 15LANACIONlanacion.com.arVisit source
- Reference 16AJPHajph.aphapublications.orgVisit source
- Reference 17ONSons.gov.ukVisit source
- Reference 18BJSbjs.ojp.govVisit source
- Reference 19ACOGacog.orgVisit source
- Reference 20JUSTICEjustice.gc.caVisit source
- Reference 21ABSabs.gov.auVisit source
- Reference 22WOMENSAIDwomensaid.org.ukVisit source
- Reference 23ECec.europa.euVisit source
- Reference 24SAFERSPACESsaferspaces.org.zaVisit source
- Reference 25WILLIAMSINSTITUTEwilliamsinstitute.law.ucla.eduVisit source
- Reference 26NCJRSncjrs.govVisit source
- Reference 27SCIELOscielo.brVisit source
- Reference 28VAva.govVisit source
- Reference 29NCDSVncdsv.orgVisit source
- Reference 30INEGIinegi.org.mxVisit source
- Reference 31OJPojp.govVisit source
- Reference 32UCRucr.fbi.govVisit source
- Reference 33HOMICIDEWATCHhomicidewatch.org.auVisit source
- Reference 34NCBIncbi.nlm.nih.govVisit source
- Reference 35KARkar.kent.ac.ukVisit source
- Reference 36EIGEeige.europa.euVisit source
- Reference 37GUNFREEgunfree.org.zaVisit source
- Reference 38NASILIUnasiliu.netVisit source
- Reference 39AIFSaifs.gov.auVisit source
- Reference 40PCRpcr.ndfp.orgVisit source
- Reference 41EVERYTOWNeverytown.orgVisit source
- Reference 42PUBMEDpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govVisit source
- Reference 43AJOGajog.orgVisit source
- Reference 44APAapa.orgVisit source
- Reference 45LINKlink.springer.comVisit source
- Reference 46RURALHEALTHruralhealth.und.eduVisit source
- Reference 47NATIONALLINKCOALITIONnationallinkcoalition.orgVisit source
- Reference 48THEHOTLINEthehotline.orgVisit source
- Reference 49DASNJdasnj.orgVisit source
- Reference 50NBERnber.orgVisit source
- Reference 51COLLEGEcollege.police.ukVisit source
- Reference 52GIFFORDSgiffords.orgVisit source
- Reference 53GOVgov.ukVisit source
- Reference 54VAWNETvawnet.orgVisit source
- Reference 55MENENGAGEmenengage.orgVisit source
- Reference 56URBANurban.orgVisit source
- Reference 57NCADVncadv.orgVisit source
- Reference 58UNSTATSunstats.un.orgVisit source






