India’s demographic profile sits at the center of many national trends: the median age is 28.7 years (2023), and about 36.4% of people live in urban areas (2021 census projections). To understand outcomes, the page also tracks health indicators such as life expectancy at birth (70.19 years in 2023) and mortality levels for infants, under‑5s, and mothers. Economic context is included too, from GDP size to growth, within India’s federal governance structure.
Key Takeaways
- India's total population as of 2023 is 1,428,627,663, surpassing China to become the world's most populous nation
- The median age in India is 28.7 years as of 2023, reflecting a youthful population structure
- India's population density is 473 people per square kilometer in 2023, one of the highest globally
- India's GDP nominal in 2023 is $3.73 trillion USD, making it the 5th largest economy globally
- India's GDP per capita nominal in 2023 is $2,485 USD
- GDP growth rate of India was 6.8% in FY 2023-24
- Total land area of India is 2,973,170 square kilometers
- India's total coastline length is 7,516.6 kilometers
- Highest point in India is Kanchenjunga at 8,586 meters
- India has 28 states with chief ministers heading state governments
- Lok Sabha has 543 elected members as of 2024
- Rajya Sabha has 245 members including 12 nominated
- India's life expectancy at birth is 70.19 years (2023), up from 69.7 in 2022
- Infant mortality rate stands at 27.5 per 1,000 live births (2022)
- Under-5 mortality rate is 36.6 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2022
India’s youthful, fast growing economy and rising health indicators define its 2023 leap to global prominence.
Related reading
01 · Category
Demographics30 stats
01
India's total population as of 2023 is 1,428,627,663, surpassing China to become the world's most populous nation
02
The median age in India is 28.7 years as of 2023, reflecting a youthful population structure
03
India's population density is 473 people per square kilometer in 2023, one of the highest globally
04
As of 2021 census projections, 36.4% of India's population lives in urban areas
05
India's sex ratio at birth is 108.18 males per 100 females in 2023
06
The fertility rate in India dropped to 2.0 births per woman in 2021, below replacement level
07
Life expectancy at birth in India is 70.15 years for both sexes in 2023
08
India's urban population growth rate was 2.37% annually from 2020-2025
09
There are 29.8 million international migrants from India living abroad as of 2020
10
India's working-age population (15-64 years) constitutes 65.2% of the total population in 2023
11
The population of Uttar Pradesh, India's most populous state, is 241,343,055 as per 2024 estimates
12
India's literacy rate for population aged 7+ is 77.7% as per 2011 census with 2023 projections at 82%
13
68% of India's population is Hindu as per 2011 census
14
Muslims comprise 14.2% of India's population according to 2011 census data
15
Christians make up 2.3% of India's population per 2011 census
16
Sikhs account for 1.72% of India's population in 2011 census
17
Buddhists represent 0.7% of India's total population as of 2011 census
18
Jains constitute 0.37% of India's population according to 2011 census figures
19
India's net migration rate is -0.35 migrants per 1,000 population annually in 2023
20
The age structure shows 25.31% of population under 14 years in 2023
21
67.78% of India's population is between 15-64 years old in 2023
22
6.9% of population is 65 years and above in India as of 2023
23
India's total dependency ratio is 47.5% in 2023
24
Child dependency ratio in India is 37.5% as of latest data
25
Elderly dependency ratio is 10% in India per 2023 estimates
26
India's population growth rate is 0.88% annually in 2023
27
The number of births in India in 2022 was approximately 24.5 million
28
Deaths in India totaled about 9.6 million in 2022
29
Infant mortality rate is 27.23 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2022
30
Maternal mortality ratio in India is 103 deaths per 100,000 live births as of 2020
Interpretation
Demographics Interpretation
India’s demographics are shifting toward a youthful yet increasingly urban and slower-growing population, with a median age of 28.7 years, 36.4 percent living in urban areas as of 2021 projections, and fertility dropping to 2.0 births per woman in 2021 below replacement level.
02 · Category
Economy25 stats
01
India's GDP nominal in 2023 is $3.73 trillion USD, making it the 5th largest economy globally
02
India's GDP per capita nominal in 2023 is $2,485USD
03
GDP growth rate of India was 6.8% in FY 2023-24
04
India's GDP PPP in 2023 is $13.10 trillion USD, 3rd largest worldwide
05
Inflation rate (CPI) in India averaged 5.5% in 2023
06
Unemployment rate in India is 7.6% as of 2023 urban data
07
India's public debt to GDP ratio is 81.59% in 2023
08
Foreign exchange reserves of India stood at $616.4 billion USD in 2024
09
India's exports in FY 2023-24 were $437.1 billion USD
10
Imports into India totaled $677.8 billion USD in FY 2023-24
11
Current account deficit of India is 1.2% of GDP in FY 2023-24
12
FDI inflows to India were $70.9 billion USD in FY 2023-24
13
India's stock market capitalization (BSE+NSE) is $4.39 trillion USD as of 2024
14
Corporate tax rate in India is 25.17% effective for FY 2024
15
GST collections in India averaged ₹1.66 lakh crore monthly in FY 2023-24
16
India's share in global GDP PPP is 7.2% in 2023
17
Agriculture contributes 15.6% to India's GDP in FY 2023-24
18
Industry sector accounts for 26.3% of India's GDP in FY 2023-24
19
Services sector makes up 54.7% of India's GDP in FY 2023-24
20
Remittances to India reached $125 billion USD in 2023, highest globally
21
India's gold reserves are 803.38 tonnes as of 2024
22
Ease of doing business rank of India improved to 63rd in 2020 WB report
23
India's labor force participation rate is 55.4% for ages 15+ in 2023
24
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day PPP fell to 10.2% in 2019
25
Gini index for income inequality in India is 35.7 in 2011 latest
Interpretation
Economy Interpretation
India’s economy is expanding steadily with GDP growth of 6.8% in FY 2023-24 while remaining a scale powerhouse at $3.73 trillion nominal GDP and $13.10 trillion PPP, even as inflation averages 5.5% and unemployment sits at 7.6% in 2023, reinforcing a broad growth picture within the economy category.
03 · Category
Geography And Environment27 stats
01
Total land area of India is 2,973,170 square kilometers
02
India's total coastline length is 7,516.6 kilometers
03
Highest point in India is Kanchenjunga at 8,586 meters
04
Lowest point is Indian Ocean at 0 meters
05
India has 28 states and 8 union territories as administrative divisions
06
Mean elevation of India is 160 meters above sea level
07
India's exclusive economic zone is 2,305,143 square kilometers
08
Forest area in India covers 23.11% of total land area as of 2021
09
Arable land constitutes 52.6% of India's land use in 2021
10
Permanent crops occupy 4.2% of land in India per 2021 data
11
India receives average annual precipitation of 1,000-3,000 mm varying by region
12
Ganges River is 2,525 km long, the longest in India
13
Brahmaputra River spans 2,900 km, vital for northeast India
14
India has 20 major rivers with basins covering 90% of land
15
Thar Desert covers 200,000 square km in northwest India
16
Western Ghats mountain range is 1,600 km long, UNESCO site
17
India has 12 major biosphere reserves including Nilgiri
18
Renewable energy capacity in India is 195.55 GW as of May 2024: June 2026
19
Solar power installed capacity is 87.2 GW in India as of 2024
20
Wind power capacity stands at 47.95 GW in India 2024
21
Carbon dioxide emissions from India were 2.66 billion metric tons in 2022
22
PM2.5 air pollution exposure in India averaged 83.5 ug/m3 in 2019
23
Protected areas cover 5.09% of India's land as national parks/wildlife sanctuaries
24
India has 106 national parks covering 44,402 sq km
25
Wildlife sanctuaries number 573 covering 122,449 sq km in India
26
Earthquake-prone zones cover 59% of India's land area
27
Annual flood-prone area in India is 40 million hectares affecting 60 million people
Interpretation
Geography And Environment Interpretation
With 2,973,170 square kilometers of land and a 7,516.6 kilometer coastline, India’s geography and environment span both vast terrestrial space and extensive sea influence while its mean elevation of 160 meters contrasts sharply with peaks like Kanchenjunga at 8,586 meters.
More related reading
04 · Category
Government, Politics, And Infrastructure25 stats
01
India has 28 states with chief ministers heading state governments
02
Lok Sabha has 543 elected members as of 2024
03
Rajya Sabha has 245 members including 12 nominated
04
India's federal structure divides powers into Union, State, Concurrent lists
05
Voter turnout in 2024 general elections was 65.79%
06
India ranks 93rd in Human Development Index 2022 with score 0.644
07
Corruption Perceptions Index rank is 93rd out of 180 (2023)
08
Total road length in India is 6,331,791 km as of 2023
09
National highways total 146,145 km in 2024
10
Indian Railways network spans 68,584 km route length (2024)
11
Airports with paved runways number 153 in India (2023)
12
Total installed electricity capacity is 446.6 GW as of March 2024: June 2026
13
Electricity access is 99.7% of population (2022)
14
Mobile cellular subscriptions are 1,168 per 100 people (2023)
15
Internet users are 52% of population or 740 million (2023)
16
Press Freedom Index rank is 161st out of 180 (2023)
17
Women in Parliament (Lok Sabha) are 14.7% (2024)
18
Defense budget of India is $81.4 billion USD (2024)
19
Active military personnel number 1,455,550 (2023)
20
India's nuclear warheads estimated at 172 (2024)
21
Patents granted in India totaled 82,801 in 2022-23
22
Aadhaar cards issued number 1.38 billion covering 99% population (2024)
23
Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) has transferred ₹34 lakh crore to beneficiaries since 2013
24
Swachh Bharat Mission built 11 crore toilets reducing open defecation from 60% to 0% (2023 claim)
25
UPI transactions reached 131 billion in FY 2023-24
Interpretation
Government, Politics, And Infrastructure Interpretation
With 28 state chief ministers and 65.79% voter turnout in the 2024 general elections, India’s federal political structure spanning the Union and State powers remains actively engaged, even as its governance scale includes a Lok Sabha of 543 elected members and a Rajya Sabha of 245 members.
05 · Category
Health And Education25 stats
01
India's life expectancy at birth is 70.19 years (2023), up from 69.7 in 2022
02
Infant mortality rate stands at 27.5 per 1,000 live births (2022)
03
Under-5 mortality rate is 36.6 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2022
04
Maternal mortality ratio is 97 per 100,000 live births (2023 est.)
05
Immunization coverage for DTP3 in India is 93.1% for children under 1 (2022)
06
HIV prevalence among adults 15-49 is 0.2% in 2022
07
Tuberculosis incidence is 199 per 100,000 population (2022)
08
Diabetes prevalence among adults is 11.4% (2021)
09
Obesity rate among adults is 3.9% (2022)
10
Current tobacco use among adults is 28.6% (2022)
11
Adult literacy rate (15+) is 77.7% as per 2011 census, projected higher now
12
Gross enrollment ratio in primary education is 102.6% (2021)
13
Secondary gross enrollment ratio is 73.6% (2021)
14
Tertiary gross enrollment ratio is 28.4% (2021)
15
Government expenditure on education is 4.6% of GDP (2021)
16
Government health expenditure is 3.0% of GDP (2021)
17
Physicians density is 0.7 per 1,000 people (2020)
18
Hospital beds per 1,000 people is 0.5 (2020)
19
Out-of-pocket health expenditure is 48.8% of total health spending (2021)
20
Suicide rate is 12.9 per 100,000 population (2021)
21
Youth literacy rate (15-24) is 90.1% (2021)
22
Female literacy rate is 71.5% vs male 84.7% (2011 census)
23
Pupil-teacher ratio in primary schools is 23.8 (2021)
24
Malaria incidence is 0.5 per 1,000 at risk population (2022)
25
Polio cases reported zero since 2011, certified polio-free
Interpretation
Health And Education Interpretation
India’s Health and Education progress looks tangible as life expectancy rose to 70.19 years in 2023 from 69.7 in 2022, while immunization coverage for DTP3 reached 93.1% in 2022 even as infant mortality still remains at 27.5 per 1,000 live births.
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Felix Zimmermann. (2026, February 13). India Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/india-statistics
MLA
Felix Zimmermann. "India Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/india-statistics.
Chicago
Felix Zimmermann. 2026. "India Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/india-statistics.
Sources & references
47 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level