Behind the vibrant energy of its predominantly young population lies a nation of stark contrasts, where resilience is tested daily by profound economic, social, and environmental challenges.
Key Takeaways
- Haiti's total population as of July 2024 is estimated at 11,724,763 people, with a population density of 434 people per square kilometer.
- The median age in Haiti is 24.2 years, with males at 23.2 years and females at 25.2 years as of 2024 estimates.
- Haiti's birth rate stands at 21.5 births per 1,000 population as of 2024, reflecting high fertility rates.
- Haiti's GDP (PPP) is estimated at $42.124 billion as of 2023.
- GDP per capita (PPP) stands at $3,720 as of 2023 estimates.
- Real GDP growth rate is -1.9% for 2023.
- Life expectancy at birth total is 64.4 years (2022), males 62.7, females 66.1.
- Infant mortality rate total is 45.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2022).
- Under-5 mortality rate is 58 deaths per 1,000 live births (2022).
- Adult literacy rate 62.1% total, 64.3% male, 60.0% female (2023).
- School life expectancy gender parity index 0.92 (2021).
- Gross enrollment ratio primary 104% (2021).
- Total land area of Haiti is 27,750 square kilometers.
- Water area comprises 0 square kilometers, total area 27,750 sq km.
- Comparative area slightly smaller than Maryland, USA.
Haiti is a densely populated, young nation grappling with poverty and instability.
Demographics
1Haiti's total population as of July 2024 is estimated at 11,724,763 people, with a population density of 434 people per square kilometer.
Verified2The median age in Haiti is 24.2 years, with males at 23.2 years and females at 25.2 years as of 2024 estimates.
Verified3Haiti's birth rate stands at 21.5 births per 1,000 population as of 2024, reflecting high fertility rates.
Verified4The death rate in Haiti is 8.3 deaths per 1,000 population in 2024, influenced by health and disaster factors.
Directional5Net migration rate for Haiti is -2.5 migrants per 1,000 population annually as of 2024.
Single source6Urban population in Haiti constitutes 59.8% of the total population as of 2024 estimates.
Verified7Haiti's population growth rate is 0.74% per year as estimated for 2024.
Verified8Ethnic groups in Haiti are 95% Black, 5% mulatto and White combined per 2014 census data.
Verified9Languages spoken: French (official) 42%, Haitian Creole (official) 58% as per 2015 data.
Directional10Religions in Haiti: Protestant 16-45%, Roman Catholic 35-40%, Voodoo 2.1%, other 5-33%, none 29% per 2020 estimates.
Single source11Life expectancy at birth for total population is 66.8 years, males 64.8, females 68.9 as of 2024.
Verified12Total fertility rate is 2.57 children born per woman in 2024 estimates.
Verified13Maternal mortality ratio is 350 deaths per 100,000 live births as of 2020.
Verified14Infant mortality rate is 40.8 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2024.
Directional15Dependency ratio total is 64.3% (youth 58.4%, elderly 5.9%) as of 2020.
Single source16Sex ratio at birth is 1.02 males per female, overall 0.97 males per female in 2024.
Verified17Population pyramid shows 33.5% under 15 years, 63.3% 15-64, 3.2% over 65 in 2024.
Verified18Major urban areas: Port-au-Prince 2.444 million, Delmas 383,000, Cap-Haitien 232,000 per 2024.
Verified19Haiti's literacy rate for population age 15+ is 62.1% (men 64.2%, women 60.2%) per 2023 est.
Directional20Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) is 40.6% total, 40.2% male, 41.1% female per 2023.
Single source21Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPP) is 58.5% as of 2020.
Verified22Gini index measures inequality at 40.2 in Haiti as of 2023 survey.
Verified23HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate is 1.9% (2022 est.)
Verified24Orphans due to AIDS estimated at 230,000 (2023 est.)
Directional25Major infectious diseases include food or waterborne diseases like bacterial and protozoal diarrhea (2023).
Single source26Obesity rate among adults is 22.9% (2016/17 est.)
Verified27Children under 5 stunted (low height-for-age) at 21.9% per 2019 survey.
Verified28Population below poverty line is 58.5% (2012 est.)
Verified29Haitian diaspora estimated at 1.5-2 million in the US, Canada, and France combined (2023).
Directional30Remittances represent 20-25% of Haiti's GDP annually as of 2023.
Single sourceDemographics Interpretation
While statistically young and densely packed, Haiti's narrative is one of resilience under pressure, evidenced by its steady growth against a backdrop of profound challenges and a heavy reliance on its scattered children abroad.
Economy
1Haiti's GDP (PPP) is estimated at $42.124 billion as of 2023.
Verified2GDP per capita (PPP) stands at $3,720 as of 2023 estimates.
Verified3Real GDP growth rate is -1.9% for 2023.
Verified4GDP composition by sector: agriculture 20.3%, industry 19.2%, services 60.5% (2023 est.).
Directional5Inflation rate (consumer prices) is 28.3% for 2023.
Single source6Unemployment rate is 14.8% as of 2023 est.
Verified7Public debt is 51.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Verified8Current account balance is -$1.245 billion (2023 est.)
Verified9Exports are $2.918 billion (2023 est.)
Directional10Imports are $6.345 billion (2023 est.)
Single source11Export partners: USA 45%, Dominican Republic 14%, Italy 5% (2022).
Verified12Import partners: USA 37%, China 18%, Netherlands 9%, Colombia 5% (2022).
Verified13Agriculture products: coffee, mangoes, cocoa, sugarcane, rice, sorghum, wood (2023).
Verified14Industries include textiles, sugar refining, flour milling, cement, light assembly (2023).
Directional15Industrial production growth rate is 2.5% (2023 est.)
Single source16Labor force is 4.312 million (2023 est.)
Verified17Labor force by occupation: agriculture 38.1%, industry 23.4%, services 38.5% (2015).
Verified18External debt is $3.098 billion (31 December 2023 est.)
Verified19Exchange rate: 135 gourdes per USD (2023 avg.)
Directional20Fiscal year runs from 1 October to 30 September.
Single source21Taxes and revenues: 7.1% of GDP (FY23/24 est.)
Verified22Budget expenditures: 21.8% of GDP (FY23/24 est.)
Verified23Foreign direct investment inflows: $47.4 million (2023 est.)
Verified24Gold reserves: 0 tonnes (2023 est.)
Directional25Electricity access: 51.9% of population (2022).
Single source26Haiti ranks 163rd in GDP nominal at $19.85 billion (2023 IMF est.).
Verified27Ease of doing business rank: 178 out of 190 (2020).
Verified28Tourism contributes about 2.4% to GDP pre-COVID (2019).
Verified29Coffee exports value $100 million annually (2022).
Directional30Textile exports to US under HOPE/HELP acts $1 billion+ yearly (2022).
Single sourceEconomy Interpretation
Haiti's economy is a fragile house of cards, where over half the population farms but food is imported, inflation runs wild as growth retreats, and its vital textile exports to the US stitch together a budget that remains critically threadbare.
Education
1Adult literacy rate 62.1% total, 64.3% male, 60.0% female (2023).
Verified2School life expectancy gender parity index 0.92 (2021).
Verified3Gross enrollment ratio primary 104% (2021).
Verified4Net enrollment rate primary 89% (2021).
Directional5Primary completion rate 52% (2021).
Single source6Gross enrollment secondary 55% (2021).
Verified7Pupil-teacher ratio primary 35:1 (2021).
Verified8Government expenditure on education 1.4% of GDP (2021).
Verified9Youth literacy rate ages 15-24 78.5% (2023).
Directional10Tertiary enrollment gross 2.5% (2021).
Single source11Out-of-school children primary age 11% (2021).
Verified12Teachers in primary education 72,000 (2021).
Verified13Official entrance age primary 6 years.
Verified14Duration of primary education 6 years.
Directional15Compulsory education age range 6-15 years.
Single source16Education index from HDI 0.493 (2022).
Verified17Mean years of schooling 5.2 years (2022).
Verified18Expected years of schooling 9.6 years (2022).
Verified19Primary schools number 15,000+ (2021).
Directional20Secondary schools enrollment 500,000 students (2021).
Single source21Universities in Haiti 10 public and private major ones (2023).
Verified22Gender parity secondary gross intake ratio 0.85 (2021).
Verified23Learning poverty rate 85% unable to read proficiently by end primary (2022).
Verified24Vocational training programs cover 5% of youth (2022).
Directional25Dropout rate primary 20% annually (2021).
Single source26Higher education gross graduation ratio 15% (2021).
Verified27Public expenditure per student primary $200 USD (2021 PPP).
Verified28Private schools represent 90% of primary enrollment (2021).
Verified29Teacher training institutes 5 major ones (2023).
Directional30Adult education programs reach 100,000 participants yearly (2022).
Single sourceEducation Interpretation
For all its lively schoolhouses and hopeful youth, Haiti's education system is a heartbreaking ledger where near-universal initial enrollment quickly devolves into a cascade of dropouts, chronic underfunding, and the stark reality that 85% of children leave primary school without proficient reading skills, all while the government invests a paltry 1.4% of its GDP into reversing this tragic equation.
Geography
1Total land area of Haiti is 27,750 square kilometers.
Verified2Water area comprises 0 square kilometers, total area 27,750 sq km.
Verified3Comparative area slightly smaller than Maryland, USA.
Verified4Coastline length 1,771 kilometers.
Directional5Maritime claims territorial sea 12 nm, contiguous zone 24 nm.
Single source6Climate is tropical moist, little seasonal temperature variation.
Verified7Terrain mostly rough mountains with fertile valleys and small peninsulas.
Verified8Elevation extremes lowest point Caribbean Sea 0 m, highest Pic la Selle 2,680 m.
Verified9Natural resources include bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble.
Directional10Land use arable 38.1%, permanent crops 12.4%, permanent pasture 29.3%, forest 3.6% (2018).
Single source11Irrigated land 750 sq km (2012).
Verified12Renewable water resources 14.03 cubic km (2020).
Verified13Natural hazards frequent earthquakes, hurricanes, periodic droughts, flooding.
Verified14Volcanism no volcanoes active.
Directional15Environment current issues deforestation, soil erosion, inadequate water supply.
Single source16Geography note shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic.
Verified17Population distribution 59% urban (2024).
Verified18Major cities Port-au-Prince (capital) 3 million metro (2024).
Verified19Dependency to Dominican Republic for food, water, electricity, fuel.
Directional20Roadways total 4,714 km, paved 1,289 km (2023).
Single source21Waterways 48 km navigable (2011).
Verified22Ports and terminals 7 major (2024).
Verified23Airports 13 (2024), with 4 paved.
Verified24Deforestation rate 1.44% annual decrease (2010-20).
Directional25Forest area 3.9% of land (2020).
Single source26Carbon dioxide emissions 3.03 million metric tons (2021).
Verified27Electricity production 1.15 billion kWh (2021).
Verified28Electricity consumption 1.075 billion kWh (2021).
Verified29Electricity from fossil fuels 75.3% (2021 est.).
Directional30Refined petroleum products consumption 31,000 bbl/day (2022).
Single source31Haiti lies between latitudes 18° and 20° N, longitudes 71° and 75° W.
VerifiedGeography Interpretation
Haiti is a geographically dramatic and resource-rich nation tragically shackled by environmental degradation, natural hazards, and a crippling dependency on its neighbor, making its resilient population's daily life an epic struggle against steep odds.
Health
1Life expectancy at birth total is 64.4 years (2022), males 62.7, females 66.1.
Verified2Infant mortality rate total is 45.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2022).
Verified3Under-5 mortality rate is 58 deaths per 1,000 live births (2022).
Verified4Maternal mortality ratio 210 deaths per 100,000 live births (2020).
Directional5HIV prevalence among adults 15-49 is 1.7% (2022).
Single source6Tuberculosis incidence 142 cases per 100,000 population (2022).
Verified7Malaria incidence 1,500 cases per 1,000 population at risk (2022).
Verified8Physicians density 0.28 per 1,000 population (2020).
Verified9Hospital beds density 1.3 per 1,000 population (2018).
Directional10Drinking water access improved: 67.3% of population (2022).
Single source11Sanitation facilities improved: 34.6% of population (2022).
Verified12Malnutrition prevalence underweight children under 5: 15.6% (2019).
Verified13Diabetes prevalence among adults 9.1% (2022 est.).
Verified14Suicide mortality rate 9.5 per 100,000 population (2019).
Directional15Immunization measles children 12-23 months 64% (2022).
Single source16Diphtheria tetanus toxoid pertussis immunization 68% (2022).
Verified17Polio immunization 68% (2022).
Verified18Hepatitis B immunization 68% (2022).
Verified19Non-communicable diseases account for 33% of deaths (2021).
Directional20Communicable diseases 63% of deaths (2021).
Single source21Health expenditure 5.2% of GDP (2022).
Verified22Out-of-pocket health expenditure 54.7% of total (2022).
Verified23Antiretroviral therapy coverage 64% (2022).
Verified24Cholera cases reported 24,000 in 2022 post-2010 epidemic.
Directional25Adolescent birth rate 72.4 births per 1,000 women 15-19 (2021).
Single source26Contraceptive prevalence 32.8% among women 15-49 (2019).
Verified27Female genital mutilation prevalence 0% (2023).
Verified28Tobacco use among adults 8.9% (2022).
Verified29Alcohol consumption per capita 3.6 liters pure alcohol (2019).
DirectionalHealth Interpretation
These statistics paint a portrait of a health system where the battle for survival begins at birth, is fought with scarce resources, and is often tragically lost to preventable diseases, leaving little energy left for the chronic ailments that come with a longer life.
Sources & References
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