Brazil’s 2023 economy reached a nominal GDP of $2.131 trillion, and growth held at 2.9% amid 4.6% inflation. Across the country’s vast territory—urban areas make up 87.1% of the population—age structure and living conditions vary by region, from median age to health indicators. This page connects economic trends, demographics, and public services within Brazil’s federal political system.
Key Takeaways
- Brazil's population reached 203,062,512 inhabitants according to the 2022 census conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)
- As of July 2023: July 2026, Brazil's median age is 33.2 years, with 23.2% of the population under 15 years old
- Brazil has a population density of 25 people per square kilometer, making it one of the least densely populated countries despite its size
- Brazil's GDP nominal reached $2.131 trillion USD in 2023, making it the 9th largest economy globally
- GDP per capita in Brazil was $10,412 USD in 2023
- Brazil's GDP growth rate was 2.9% in 2023
- Brazil's area spans 8,515,767 square kilometers, the 5th largest country by land area
- The Amazon rainforest covers 5.5 million square km in Brazil, 60% of total Amazon basin
- Brazil's coastline stretches 7,491 km along the Atlantic Ocean
- Life expectancy at birth in Brazil is 76.0 years overall in 2023
- Infant mortality rate fell to 12.4 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2022
- Brazil has 2.4 hospital beds per 1,000 people in 2023
- Brazil is a federal presidential republic with 26 states and federal district
- President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was inaugurated for third term on January 1, 2023
- Brazil's National Congress has 513 deputies in Chamber of Deputies and 81 senators
Brazil grew slowly to 203 million people in 2022, with an aging population and 75.9 year male life expectancy.
Related reading
01 · Category
Demographics29 stats
01
Brazil's population reached 203,062,512 inhabitants according to the 2022 census conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)
02
As of July 2023, Brazil's median age is 33.2 years, with 23.2% of the population under 15 years old
03
Brazil has a population density of 25 people per square kilometer, making it one of the least densely populated countries despite its size
04
Urban population in Brazil accounts for 87.1% of the total population as of 2023
05
Brazil's fertility rate stands at 1.63 children born per woman in 2023, below the replacement level of 2.1
06
Life expectancy at birth in Brazil is 75.9 years for males and 80.6 years for females as of 2023
07
Brazil's largest city, São Paulo, has a metropolitan population of 22.6 million people in 2023
08
The state of São Paulo holds 21.9% of Brazil's total population, approximately 44.4 million residents in 2022
09
Brazil's youth population (ages 15-24) constitutes 15.3% of the total population in 2023
10
Immigrants make up 0.8% of Brazil's population, with over 1.6 million foreign-born residents as of 2022
11
Brazil's population growth rate was 0.52% annually between 2020-2023
12
There are 92.1 million women aged 15 and over in Brazil, representing 51.03% of the total population in 2022
13
Brazil's elderly population (65+) is projected to reach 33.1 million by 2030
14
The Amazon region accounts for 12% of Brazil's population despite covering 43% of its land area in 2022
15
Brazil has 5,570 municipalities, with an average population of 36,400 per municipality in 2022
16
Indigenous population in Brazil is 1.3 million, or 0.64% of total, according to 2022 census
17
Brazil's black population (pretos and pardos) comprises 56.1% of the total in 2022
18
White Brazilians make up 43.1% of the population per 2022 IBGE census data
19
Asian descent population in Brazil is 1%, around 2 million people in 2022
20
Brazil's net migration rate is -0.06 migrants per 1,000 population in 2023
21
Households in Brazil average 2.8 persons per household in 2022 census
22
Brazil's working-age population (15-64) is 139.5 million, 68.6% of total in 2023
23
Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area has 13.3 million inhabitants in 2023
24
Northeast Brazil region has 57 million people, 28% of national total in 2022
25
Brazil's infant population (0-4 years) is 10.2% or 20.7 million in 2022
26
Single-person households in Brazil rose to 18.1% of total households in 2022
27
Brazil's population is projected to peak at 231 million in 2042 before declining
28
Religious affiliation: 65% Catholic, 22% Evangelical in Brazil 2022 census
29
Brazil has 11.2 million people with disabilities, 5.5% of population in 2022
Interpretation
Demographics Interpretation
Brazil’s demographics show a clear aging and urban concentration trend, with a median age of 33.2 years in 2023, 87.1% of people living in urban areas, and a fertility rate of 1.63 children per woman well below replacement level.
02 · Category
Economy26 stats
01
Brazil's GDP nominal reached $2.131 trillion USD in 2023, making it the 9th largest economy globally
02
GDP per capita in Brazil was $10,412USD in 2023
03
Brazil's GDP growth rate was 2.9% in 2023
04
Inflation rate (CPI) in Brazil averaged 4.6% in 2023
05
Unemployment rate in Brazil was 7.9% in 2023
06
Brazil's public debt-to-GDP ratio stood at 88.2% in 2023
07
Exports from Brazil totaled $334.5 billion USD in 2023, led by soybeans and iron ore
08
Imports to Brazil were $240.8 billion USD in 2023, mainly machinery and electronics
09
Brazil's current account balance showed a deficit of 2.0% of GDP in 2023
10
Foreign direct investment inflow to Brazil was $66.7 billion in 2023
11
Agriculture contributes 6.8% to Brazil's GDP, employing 9.4% of workforce in 2023
12
Industry sector accounts for 20.7% of GDP in Brazil 2023
13
Services sector dominates with 72.5% of Brazil's GDP in 2023
14
Brazil's stock market capitalization reached $1.05 trillion USD in 2023
15
Minimum wage in Brazil is 1,412 BRL per month as of 2024, equivalent to $264USD
16
Brazil produced 4.68 million barrels of oil per day in 2023
17
Soybean production in Brazil hit 169 million metric tons in the 2023/24 harvest
18
Brazil's iron ore exports reached 381 million tons in 2023
19
Tourism generated $7.3 billion USD in revenue for Brazil in 2023
20
Brazil's Gini coefficient, measuring inequality, was 52.9 in 2022
21
Household saving rate in Brazil is 15.2% of disposable income in 2023
22
Corporate tax rate in Brazil is 34% effective rate in 2023
23
Brazil's labor force participation rate is 62.3% for ages 15+ in 2023
24
Remittances received by Brazil totaled $4.1 billion USD in 2023
25
Brazil's total reserves (excl. gold) were $355.7 billion USD in 2023
26
Ease of doing business rank for Brazil improved to 124th out of 190 in 2020 (latest)
Interpretation
Economy Interpretation
In 2023 Brazil combined solid economic scale and growth, with a 2.131 trillion USD nominal GDP and 2.9% growth, while inflation moderated to 4.6% and unemployment stayed at 7.9%, though public debt remained high at 88.2% of GDP.
03 · Category
Geography And Climate29 stats
01
Brazil's area spans 8,515,767 square kilometers, the 5th largest country by land area
02
The Amazon rainforest covers 5.5 million square km in Brazil, 60% of total Amazon basin
03
Brazil's coastline stretches 7,491 km along the Atlantic Ocean
04
Highest point in Brazil is Pico da Neblina at 2,995 meters in Amazonas state
05
Brazil has 12,591 km of navigable waterways, primarily Amazon and Paraná rivers
06
Pantanal wetlands cover 150,000 square km, the world's largest tropical wetland
07
Brazil borders 10 countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, etc., with 16,145 km land boundaries
08
Average annual temperature in Brazil is 25°C, varying from 20°C south to 28°C north
09
Brazil receives 1,799 mm average annual precipitation, highest in Amazon at 2,500 mm
10
Atlantic Forest biome originally covered 1.5 million sq km, now only 12% remains
11
Brazil has over 55,000 species of flowering plants, 30% endemic
12
Cerrado savanna spans 2 million sq km, 22% of Brazil's territory
13
Caatinga dry forest covers 850,000 sq km in Northeast Brazil
14
Brazil's exclusive economic zone is 3.66 million sq km in Atlantic
15
Iguaçu Falls has 275 drops, widest waterfall system at 2.7 km
16
Rio Negro is the world's widest river, up to 11 km at points
17
Brazil experiences tropical climate in 60% of territory
18
Annual deforestation rate in Brazilian Amazon was 9,000 sq km in 2023
19
Brazil has 1,200 bird species, 17% endemic to the country
20
Pampas grasslands cover 178,000 sq km in southern Brazil
21
Brazil's lowest point is sea level Atlantic coast
22
Serra do Mar mountain range extends 1,500 km along southeast coast
23
Brazil holds 12% of world's freshwater, mainly Amazon basin rivers
24
Hurricane season affects southern Brazil rarely, last major in 2024
25
Chapada Diamantina has 1,200 caves, key karst landscape
26
Brazil's latitudinal range 5°N to 33°S, longitudinal 35°W to 74°W
27
Araucaria moist forests cover 216,000 sq km in south
28
Brazil has 67 UNESCO biosphere reserves, most in world
29
Fernando de Noronha archipelago has 21 islands, 26 sq km area
Interpretation
Geography And Climate Interpretation
Brazil’s geography is dominated by vast natural water and land systems, with the Amazon alone covering 5.5 million square kilometers and the country also holding 12,591 kilometers of navigable waterways, showing how its climate and ecosystems are shaped by large-scale river and rainforest coverage.
More related reading
04 · Category
Health And Society27 stats
01
Life expectancy at birth in Brazil is 76.0 years overall in 2023
02
Infant mortality rate fell to 12.4 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2022
03
Brazil has 2.4 hospital beds per 1,000 people in 2023
04
Physicians density is 2.3 per 1,000 population in Brazil 2023
05
Obesity rate among adults in Brazil is 22.4% in 2022
06
HIV prevalence is 0.5% among adults 15-49 in 2022
07
Vaccination coverage for DTP3 in children 12-23 months is 91% in 2022
08
Maternal mortality ratio is 59 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2020
09
Suicide rate is 6.2 per 100,000 population in 2019 (latest)
10
Literacy rate for adults 15+ is 94.7% in 2022 census
11
Mean years of schooling in Brazil is 8.1 years in 2022
12
Secondary school enrollment net rate is 81.2% for relevant age group 2022
13
PISA 2022 score average for Brazil: 398 in math, 410 reading, 403 science
14
Homicide victimization rate 21.6 per 100,000 in 2022
15
Internet users penetration 81.9% of population in 2023
16
Mobile cellular subscriptions 132 per 100 people in 2023
17
Electricity access 100% of population in 2023
18
Improved sanitation facilities access 81% rural, 96% urban in 2022
19
Undernourishment prevalence 2.8% of population 2019-2021
20
Diabetes prevalence among adults 9.1% in 2022
21
Tuberculosis incidence 29.1 cases per 100,000 in 2022
22
Higher education gross enrollment ratio 52.6% in 2021
23
Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) rate 23.6% ages 15-24 in 2022
24
Child labor rate 5.6% for ages 5-17 prohibited work in 2022
25
Gender parity index in primary education 0.99 in 2022
26
Adolescent birth rate 52.5 per 1,000 women 15-19 in 2022
27
At-risk-of-poverty rate 25.3% in 2022 IBGE data
Interpretation
Health And Society Interpretation
Brazil’s health and society outlook looks steadily improving with life expectancy at 76.0 years in 2023 and infant mortality dropping to 12.4 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2022, even as challenges like obesity at 22.4% among adults in 2022 and HIV prevalence of 0.5% in 2022 persist.
05 · Category
Politics And Government27 stats
01
Brazil is a federal presidential republic with 26 states and federal district
02
President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was inaugurated for third term on January 1, 2023
03
Brazil's National Congress has 513 deputies in Chamber of Deputies and 81 senators
04
Voting is compulsory for ages 18-70, with 156 million registered voters in 2022
05
Last general election turnout was 79.4% in 2022 presidential race
06
Supreme Federal Court has 11 justices, appointed for life
07
Brazil ranks 96th in Corruption Perceptions Index 2023 with score 36/100
08
Military personnel active: 360,000 army, 80,000 navy, 80,000 air force in 2023
09
Defense budget was 1.3% of GDP or $23.6 billion USD in 2023
10
Brazil has diplomatic relations with 199 countries, member of UN, BRICS, G20
11
Homicide rate dropped to 20.7 per 100,000 in 2023
12
Press Freedom Index rank for Brazil is 83rd out of 180 in 2024
13
Women hold 18% of seats in Chamber of Deputies post-2022 election
14
Indigenous representation: 3 federal deputies elected in 2022
15
Brazil's constitution dates to 1988, with 250 amendments by 2023
16
Federal budget for 2024 is 5.75 trillion BRL
17
Local governments: 5,570 mayors elected in 2020 municipal elections
18
Brazil abolished monarchy on November 15, 1889, becoming republic
19
Political parties: 29 registered, but 7 major in 2022 elections
20
Human Development Index rank 89th globally in 2022 with 0.760 score
21
Brazil hosted G20 summit in 2024 in Rio de Janeiro
22
Electoral quota for women parties must allocate 30% female candidates
23
Supreme Electoral Court fined parties BRL 478 million for irregularities in 2022
24
Brazil's federal police force has 14,000 agents in 2023
25
Presidential term limit: two consecutive 4-year terms max
26
Congress approval rating was 9% in Datafolha poll December 2023
27
Brazil ratified Paris Agreement in 2016, submitting NDC updates in 2023
Interpretation
Politics And Government Interpretation
Brazil’s politics are structured around a strong federal presidential system and a large, highly participatory electorate, with compulsory voting for ages 18 to 70 and 156 million registered voters in 2022, reflected in a 79.4% turnout in the presidential race.
report visual · Breakdown
Brazil’s demographic snapshot (2022–2023)
Urban living and a young population share shape Brazil’s demographic profile.
12%
The Amazon region accounts for 12% of Brazil's population despite covering 43% of its land area in 2022
88.2%
Brazil's public debt-to-GDP ratio stood at 88.2% in 2023
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Marcus Engström. (2026, February 13). Brazil Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/brazil-statistics
MLA
Marcus Engström. "Brazil Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/brazil-statistics.
Chicago
Marcus Engström. 2026. "Brazil Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/brazil-statistics.
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