
GITNUXSOFTWARE REVIEW
EconomicsTop 10 Best Self Assessment Tax Software of 2026
Compare self assessment tax software options for preparing returns and managing deductions, with tradeoffs for Xero, Sage, and QuickBooks Self-Employed.
How we ranked these tools
Vendors set the topic, but our editors set the inclusion criteria and the evaluation framework before research starts.
Search agents gather the source set and the review record, including transcriptions of video reviews and podcasts.
Framework: Features 40% · Ease 30% · Value 30%
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Xero is the best pick for firms that already run their accounts in Xero and need controlled client sign-off before filing, since its agent-led approval routing feeds directly into the self assessment workflow state. BTCSoftware is the alternative for tax agents who want staged SA reviews with auditable changes through submission.
Editor’s top 3 picks
Three quick recommendations before you dive into the full comparison below — each one leads on a different dimension.
Xero
Client approval routing for agent-led filing links tax preparation sign-off to Xero workflow state.
Best for: Fits when accounting data already lives in Xero and a firm needs controlled client approvals.
Sage
Editor pickClient approval routing tied to an agent submission workflow, reducing handoff friction across preparation and filing.
Best for: Fits when accounting-led firms need recurring self assessment filing with reusable client data.
QuickBooks Self-Employed
Editor pickQuickBooks transaction categorization feeds directly into the self assessment return workflow.
Best for: Fits when sole traders keep accounts in QuickBooks and want one workflow for return prep.
Comparison Table
Xero
SMBCloud accounting platform that supports self assessment tax return preparation for UK users.
Client approval routing for agent-led filing links tax preparation sign-off to Xero workflow state.
Xero Tax is built around reusing existing accounting entries from Xero to reduce repeated input during self assessment preparation.
Tax filing steps are connected to HMRC submission flows that rely on Government Gateway credentials and structured data captured during preparation.
When accounts-linked reporting is in scope, iXBRL tagging and submission packaging fit within the same workflow context.
The main differentiator is end-to-end continuity from bookkeeping, through preparation and approvals, to submission execution.
- +Reuse of Xero accounting data reduces manual rekeying for tax returns
- +Agent workflows support client approval routing before submission
- +iXBRL tagging is available for accounts-linked tax and reporting steps
- +Submission tied to Government Gateway credentials supports controlled filing
- –SA page-level customization can be limited versus fully standalone tax engines
- –Setup and data mapping between Xero records and tax inputs needs governance discipline
- –Automation depends on specific connector coverage for upstream client data
- –Prior-year import depth may lag specialist products for complex carry-forward cases
Small business bookkeeping teams
Reuse ledger figures for filings
Fewer repeated data entries
Retail accounting teams
Keep inventory activity linked
Inventory close stays consistent
Show 2 more scenarios
Accounts receivable teams
Trace invoices through submission
Better period-close visibility
Receivables activity remains tied to ledger reporting during self assessment preparation and filing packages.
Professional services finance teams
Convert tracked work into entries
Less billing administration
Service-based billing inputs map into invoice-ready accounting entries used during self assessment workflows.
Best for: Fits when accounting data already lives in Xero and a firm needs controlled client approvals.
Sage
SMBAccounting platform with built-in self assessment submission for sole traders and partnerships.
Client approval routing tied to an agent submission workflow, reducing handoff friction across preparation and filing.
Sage brings self assessment tax workflows into a broader accounting ecosystem, with data reuse across client and tax preparation steps. The product supports HMRC submission file creation and iXBRL tagging to generate tax-ready outputs tied to the current tax year.
Sage also includes pre-population and prior-year import paths that reduce re-keying for recurring filings. Automation is focused on document production, client approval routing, and maintaining a consistent agent submission workflow for multiple clients.
- +Strong tax return output tooling with iXBRL tagging support
- +Prior-year import reduces manual rework for recurring clients
- +Client approval routing supports multi-user agent workflows
- +Clear tax year mapping to align computations and outputs
- –Requires disciplined configuration to keep client profiles consistent
- –Fewer deep SA-specific workflow steps than specialist self assessment tools
- –Bridging tasks can involve extra steps when data is fragmented
- –API automation coverage is narrower than audit-focused agent platforms
Tax agents managing clients
Route approvals before submission
Controlled client sign-off
Repeat filers
Import prior-year figures
Reduced re-keying work
Show 1 more scenario
Tax compliance teams
Generate iXBRL submission outputs
Structured filing outputs
Teams create HMRC-ready submission files with iXBRL tagging during the same workflow sequence.
Best for: Fits when accounting-led firms need recurring self assessment filing with reusable client data.
QuickBooks Self-Employed
SMBIntuit's self-employed accounting product with mileage tracking, quarterly tax estimation, and Schedule C reporting for freelancers.
QuickBooks transaction categorization feeds directly into the self assessment return workflow.
QuickBooks Self-Employed works best when day-to-day bookkeeping is already modeled as accounts and transactions in QuickBooks, because the tax workflow can reuse that structured history rather than rebuilding numbers from scratch. The product can consolidate income and deduction categories into the self assessment process and generate the material needed for filing, including the parts needed for the tax return narrative and supplementary schedules. For integrations, the tool fits into the broader Intuit ecosystem where accounting exports, imports, and automation features can keep bookkeeping and tax preparation aligned.
A tradeoff appears when the bookkeeping is not already maintained in QuickBooks, because importing historical data still requires mapping and cleaning to avoid mis-categorized figures. Use it when a sole trader wants one continuous workflow from transaction capture to self assessment preparation, and when there is recurring revenue activity that benefits from consistent category rules.
- +Reuses QuickBooks categories to reduce repeat tax data entry
- +Continuous workflow from transactions to self assessment preparation
- +Submission workflow stays inside a single product experience
- +Fits Intuit accounting automation patterns for ongoing bookkeeping
- –Best results depend on consistent categorization inside QuickBooks
- –Some self assessment edge cases may require manual review
- –Complex histories can need import cleanup to match categories
- –Limited flexibility for users who avoid accounting-style bookkeeping
Sole traders in QuickBooks
Reuse categorized expenses and income
Faster, fewer manual adjustments
Self assessment filers with steady trade income
Repeat monthly bookkeeping to filing
Consistent reporting each year
Show 1 more scenario
Bookkeepers managing clients
Standardize bookkeeping then file returns
Lower variance across clients
Common category structures help staff produce similar inputs for self assessment filing.
Best for: Fits when sole traders keep accounts in QuickBooks and want one workflow for return prep.
BTCSoftware
vertical specialistTax and practice management software covering self assessment and other HMRC returns.
Client approval routing integrated into the agent submission workflow, so reviews and changes stay auditable through filing.
BTCSoftware is positioned for self assessment filing work where agent submission workflow, client approval routing, and document readiness matter more than general bookkeeping features. The tool supports basis period reform style handling through the tax computation engine and includes SA302-style outputs for the figures needed in client communication. It also supports submission workflows aligned to Government Gateway credentials and returns that are mapped to the correct tax year.
- +Agent-style submission workflow with client approval routing for staged reviews
- +Tax computation engine produces filing-ready figures for SA outputs
- +Return generation supports iXBRL-style tagging for HMRC-compatible documents
- +Tax year mapping keeps returns aligned to the filing period
- –API surface is limited for firms needing automated provisioning at scale
- –Some edge-case inputs require manual handling instead of rules-based automation
- –Workflow configuration can demand setup discipline to match internal approvals
Self assessment tax agents
Manage client returns end-to-end
Fewer manual chasing loops
Practice staff preparing SA returns
Generate HMRC-ready documents
Consistent document readiness
Show 1 more scenario
Small firms with recurring filings
Standardize repeat workflow
Reduced admin variance
Apply configuration and approvals across multiple clients to keep processing consistent.
Best for: Fits when tax agents need controlled SA preparation and submission workflows with staged client sign-off.
Capium
vertical specialistCloud-based practice software suite including self assessment tax return filing.
Client approval routing tightly integrated into the agent submission workflow for SA preparation.
Capium is built around the agent filing lifecycle, where prepared computations move through review and approval before submission. The workflow orientation favors teams that need consistent handling of client data, return versions, and sign-off steps. Integration depth is tied to the way Capium imports or maps client inputs into its tax preparation steps.
- +Agent-led workflow with client approval routing baked into preparation
- +Consistent submission packaging for HMRC filing steps
- +Year-over-year handling supports stable recurring client workflows
- +Bridging oriented around mapping tax inputs into filing readiness
- –More workflow setup effort than single-user self assessment form tools
- –Human review checkpoints are still needed for edge-case tax positions
- –Fewer customization surfaces for highly bespoke firm processes
- –Import mapping quality depends on upstream data cleanliness
Tax compliance teams
Standardized SA agent submissions
Fewer handoff errors
Tax agents
Multi-client filing with sign-off
Clear audit trail
Show 1 more scenario
Operations in tax firms
Repeatable year-over-year workflows
Faster repeat processing
Reuses structured preparation flows across annual client cycles with controlled inputs.
Best for: Fits when tax teams need repeatable agent workflow from preparation to HMRC submission.
Andica
vertical specialistSelf assessment and corporation tax software for UK taxpayers and practitioners.
Client approval routing inside the self assessment filing workflow that supports authorisation before submission export.
Andica is a UK self assessment tax software focused on turning client inputs into HMRC-ready submissions. It is built around an SA100-driven workflow that maps figures into the standard supplementary pages and forms.
- +SA100-first workflow keeps calculations aligned to the standard return structure.
- +Client approval routing supports controlled agent submission workflows.
- +Reusable prior-year import reduces re-entry for returning clients.
- +Form generation covers supplementary pages without manual file assembly.
- –Requires disciplined configuration to keep tax-year mapping consistent across clients.
- –Some edge-case schedules need careful data checks before filing export.
Self-employed taxpayers
Build returns from common sections
Checked structured submissions
Small-company accountants
Map balances into computations
Reconciled computation outputs
Show 2 more scenarios
Tax practitioners and agents
Submit partnership and trust returns
More consistent multi-party filing
Practitioners organize partnership or trust information inside filing workflows with agent and client credentials.
VAT agents
Manage delegated VAT authorizations
Organized recurring submissions
Agents run authorization checks and track submission progress for delegated client VAT obligations.
Best for: Fits when agent teams need controlled self assessment workflows with repeatable client data handling.
123sheets
vertical specialistBrowser-based self assessment tax return filing tool for UK individuals.
Sheet-based return construction with tax-year mapping that keeps recurring fields consistent across filings.
123sheets targets self assessment filing teams that need a worksheet-driven workflow tied to UK tax forms and HMRC-ready submission output. The system supports client data capture, SA schedule production, and iXBRL-oriented output where document types require tagging.
- +Worksheet-first return building reduces navigation friction for recurring cases
- +Client approval routing supports clear handoffs from preparer to reviewer
- +Prior-year import helps maintain continuity across tax years
- +Submission output formats align with standard SA preparation flows
- –Automation coverage depends on manual steps for less common supplemental schedules
- –Complex computations may require careful input hygiene before review
Accountants and bookkeepers
Review calculated outputs before HMRC
Extra review before filing
VAT compliance reviewers
Trace VAT return values to sources
Clearer VAT reconciliation
Show 2 more scenarios
Businesses moving to MTD
Bridge spreadsheets into digital filing
Worksheet to digital handoff
Users keep spreadsheet record-keeping while producing HMRC-compatible digital VAT submission outputs.
VAT agents
Run delegated client submissions
More centralized submissions
Agents manage delegated authorization and repeat filing workflows for client VAT handoffs.
Best for: Fits when practices need repeatable SA worksheets, client approval steps, and consistent year-to-year return assembly.
Nomisma
SMBCloud-based accounting and tax compliance platform covering self assessment and corporation tax.
Approval-to-submission workflow that tracks sign-off state before generating final filing outputs.
Nomisma produces self assessment workpapers that map a client profile to tax computation outputs and filing-ready documents. It is distinct for workflow-centric processing that ties client approval, document review, and submission steps into a single operating sequence.
- +Client approval routing reduces manual chasing between preparation and sign-off
- +Prior-year import helps reduce data re-entry effort for recurring filers
- +Document generation keeps SA schedule outputs aligned to a single calculation run
- +Submission workflow follows an agent-style path with clear intermediate states
- –Setup requires careful configuration of tax-year mapping and client templates
- –Automation coverage for edge-case SA entries can require manual schedule handling
- –Bulk adjustments across multiple clients are slower than single-client updates
- –API and extensibility details are not exposed at the workflow level for every step
Tax teams running approvals
Link approval to document review
Fewer approval handoff gaps
Repeat filing administrators
Pre-fill from prior-year info
Less schedule rebuilding
Show 2 more scenarios
Compliance teams needing tagging
Prepare iXBRL-ready return outputs
Structured tagged preparation
The preparation workflow generates structured outputs for self assessment returns that require tagging.
Practitioners preparing schedules
Generate core SA schedule outputs
Consistent schedule generation
Nomisma produces core SA schedules from the mapped client profile used for filing documents.
Best for: Fits when tax teams need controlled approval routing and repeatable SA schedule generation across many clients.
Untied
vertical specialistMobile and web app for self assessment tax filing aimed at individuals and landlords.
Prior-year import that carries values into the current SA workflow to cut rekeying across tax years.
Untied produces self assessment tax computations and the SA100 submission package for individual taxpayers through an HMRC-aligned workflow. It focuses on SA form completion with calculation logic, document generation, and submission support for agent and individual paths.
- +Guided SA form completion reduces missed entries during amendments
- +Prior-year import speeds up repeat filings with fewer manual re-entries
- +Generated SA submission pack output supports agent handoffs
- +Step-by-step workflow supports client approval style sign-off
- –Automation depth is limited compared with tax engines that cover wider edge cases
- –Complex mixed income requires more manual review than straight-through filing
- –Extensibility features for deep workflow integration are not built around an open API
- –Governance controls such as RBAC and audit log granularity feel basic for larger practices
Tax agents
Complete SA100 with computation logic
Fewer manual calculation steps
Individual self assessors
Generate documents and submit
Return-ready SA documents
Show 2 more scenarios
Recurring compliance teams
Import prior-year figures
Faster year-to-year updates
Teams bring forward prior-year figures to speed up current year amendments and approvals.
Agent workflows
Handle amendments with guided steps
Cleaner amendment process
The workflow guides amendment and approval steps to reduce back-and-forth during changes.
Best for: Fits when repeat SA filings need guided completion, prior-year carry-forward, and dependable submission pack generation.
IRIS
enterpriseUK tax and accounting software suite including IRIS Personal Tax for self assessment filing.
Client approval routing tied to the return workflow, reducing reliance on email sign-off for agent submissions.
IRIS turns self assessment into an account-based workflow within its broader business software footprint, with forms and submission steps aligned to UK filing expectations. It includes tax computation, iXBRL-ready output support, and HMRC submission preparation paths tied to Government Gateway credentials.
- +Workflow-first return handling for agent and client approval routing
- +Strong return reuse with prior-year import to reduce repeat entry
- +Submission preparation supports Government Gateway credential use
- +iXBRL-oriented output handling for documents that require tagging
- –Less flexible for complex edge cases without add-on guidance
- –Setup governance is required to keep approvals and roles consistent
- –Automation depth depends on how returns map into the IRIS workflow
- –UI navigation can feel form-heavy versus spreadsheet-style editing
Tax agent teams
Run annual return workflows
Repeatable return preparation
Practice managers
Coordinate client portfolio compliance
Improved client work organization
Show 2 more scenarios
Agent-led compliance teams
Manage client authorisations
Repeatable authorisation handling
Agents handle client authorisations and submit tax or accounting filings across firm workflows.
Accounting operations teams
Reuse prior-year return data
Less manual re-entry
Prior-year import and return data reuse reduces manual re-entry for repeat self assessment filings.
Best for: Fits when practices need controlled agent submission workflows and repeat-year data reuse.
Conclusion
After evaluating 10 self assessment tax software, Xero stands out as our overall top pick — it scored highest across our combined criteria of features, ease of use, and value, which is why it sits at #1 in the rankings above.
Use the comparison table and detailed reviews above to validate the fit against your own requirements before committing to a tool.
How to Choose the Right Self Assessment Tax Software
Self assessment tax software prepares UK SA returns using structured return workflows and submission packaging tied to HMRC filing steps. This buyer's guide covers QuickBooks, Xero, IRIS OpenTax, and eight other tools, including BTCSoftware, Capium, Andica, Untied, Sage, Nomisma, and 123sheets.
The selection emphasis centers on how each platform handles agent versus client review flows, how return data moves from prior-year reuse into current filing, and how far the product goes beyond a worksheet into an end-to-end submission workflow. QuickBooks leads the set with return preparation that reuses QuickBooks accounting data and then routes client approval before agent submission.
Self Assessment Tax Software for agent-led preparation, client approval routing, and HMRC submission packs
Self assessment tax software is used to build SA return content and keep preparation aligned to HMRC return structure while controlling who can approve what before submission export. Several tools in this guide combine return construction with staged approval, so agent teams can manage sign-off state rather than relying on email handoffs.
QuickBooks supports a controlled workflow by reusing QuickBooks accounting figures during return preparation and routing client approval as an explicit step before agent submission. BTCSoftware and Capium also integrate client approval routing directly into the agent submission workflow, while Untied and IRIS OpenTax emphasize prior-year import and return reuse to reduce rekeying across repeat filings.
Self Assessment Tax Software capabilities for agent submission, approval state, and repeat-year reuse
Agent-led preparation needs more than return forms because the software must carry a controlled approval state from preparer to reviewer before agent submission packaging is generated. The tools in this guide differ most in how they route client approval into the filing workflow and how reliably they reuse prior-year inputs to reduce rekeying.
Client approval routing inside the filing workflow
QuickBooks reuses accounting figures during return preparation and then routes client approval as an explicit step before agent submission. BTCSoftware, Capium, and Andica also embed client approval routing into the agent submission workflow so reviews and changes stay tracked through the filing path.
Return reuse and prior-year import to cut rekeying
Untied focuses on prior-year import that carries values into the current SA workflow to reduce rekeying across tax years. IRIS and Sage also combine return reuse with prior-year import so recurring clients move forward with less re-entry effort.
SA workflow structure aligned to standard return construction
Andica uses an SA100-first workflow to keep calculations aligned to the standard return structure while client approval remains inside the filing workflow. 123sheets uses sheet-based return construction with tax-year mapping to keep recurring fields consistent across filings.
Agent-style submission workflow that packages filing outputs
BTCSoftware uses an agent-style submission workflow with client approval routing for staged reviews and filing-ready tax computation outputs. Capium adds consistent submission packaging for HMRC filing steps while keeping approvals baked into preparation.
Accounting-led data reuse with governance around mappings
Xero reuses Xero accounting data to reduce manual rekeying for tax returns and links agent workflows to client approval routing before submission. Sage and Xero both require governance discipline because setup and data mapping between accounting records and tax inputs can affect outcomes.
Tax computation coverage versus automation depth for edge cases
QuickBooks ties return accuracy to upstream mapping of income and deductions and can require manual review for complex edge cases before client sign-off. Untied limits automation depth compared with tax engines that cover wider edge cases, which increases manual checks for mixed income cases.
Choose by workflow philosophy: approvals-first, prior-year reuse, or worksheet assembly
The fastest way to select self assessment tax software is to match the workflow model to the agent and client review pattern used by the firm. Some tools prioritize client approval routing inside agent submission workflows, while others prioritize prior-year import and guided completion to reduce rekeying for recurring filings.
Pick an approvals-first workflow if the firm runs staged agent submission
Select QuickBooks, BTCSoftware, or Capium when the firm requires client approval routing as an explicit stage before agent submission packaging is finalized. These tools keep sign-off state integrated into the filing path rather than splitting it across email and export handoffs.
Pick prior-year reuse if repeat clients dominate the workload
Select Untied or IRIS OpenTax when recurring clients need prior-year import that carries values into the current SA workflow to reduce rekeying. These tools also provide return reuse paths that reduce missed entries during amendments.
Pick SA structure-first return assembly for schedule consistency
Select Andica for an SA100-first workflow that aligns calculations to standard return structure while approvals stay inside the self assessment filing workflow. Select 123sheets when a worksheet-first model and tax-year mapping are needed to keep recurring fields consistent across filings.
Pick accounting-led integration when bookkeeping already lives in one system
Select Xero or Sage when return preparation should reuse bookkeeping data to reduce manual rekeying and route agent sign-off through client approval steps. This choice requires governance discipline to keep tax-year mapping and data mapping consistent across clients.
Stress test edge-case automation against manual schedule handling capacity
If complex mixed income or less common schedules appear often, compare QuickBooks and Untied by checking how each handles edge cases before client sign-off. QuickBooks can require extra manual review when upstream mapping is imperfect, while Untied automation depth is more limited for wider edge-case coverage.
Confirm tax-year mapping and template configuration workload before scaling
If scaling to many clients, check whether Nomisma and 123sheets require careful configuration of tax-year mapping and client templates to keep approvals and return assembly consistent. These tools can work efficiently, but setup effort can rise when workflows need to match varied client profiles.
Who each approach fits in real agent submission and repeat-year filing
Self assessment tax software is most effective when it matches a firm’s review structure and submission workflow, especially around client sign-off and agent submission packaging. The tools in this guide mainly differ in whether they treat approvals as part of the submission workflow, treat prior-year reuse as the core time saver, or treat worksheet assembly as the control mechanism.
Tax agent teams running staged prep and submission
QuickBooks, BTCSoftware, and Capium suit teams that need client approval routing integrated before agent submission so sign-off state stays auditable through filing packaging.
Practices dominated by recurring clients and amendments
Untied and IRIS OpenTax fit when prior-year import and guided completion reduce rekeying during repeated self assessment filings and amendments.
Firms using worksheet-first processes with repeatable return assembly
123sheets supports worksheet-first return building and client approval handoffs while using tax-year mapping to keep recurring fields consistent across filings.
Accounting-led firms that want to reuse ledger figures for tax returns
Xero and Sage fit when bookkeeping already lives in Xero or Sage and return preparation should reuse those figures while routing approvals into the agent submission workflow.
Teams handling authorisation before export with structured return order
Andica fits authorisation-centric workflows using an SA100-first workflow so calculations stay aligned to the standard return structure before export.
Common failure modes when adopting Self Assessment Tax Software workflows
The most common mistakes come from assuming that a return builder automatically enforces the workflow controls needed for agent submission. Another common mistake is treating prior-year import as a full automation replacement without validating mapping quality for income and deductions.
Building sign-off around email instead of the tool’s client approval routing stage
QuickBooks, BTCSoftware, and Capium explicitly integrate client approval routing into the filing workflow so the software can track state before agent submission packaging is generated.
Using prior-year import without validating upstream income and deduction mapping for the current year
QuickBooks accuracy depends on upstream mapping of income and deductions, and Untied mixed income cases can require more manual review than straight-through filing when inputs do not map cleanly.
Assuming worksheet templates eliminate configuration work at scale
Nomisma and 123sheets both require careful configuration of tax-year mapping and client templates, so template governance should be planned before scaling to many clients.
Underestimating how accounting data mapping governance affects outcomes
Xero and Sage can reduce manual rekeying by reusing accounting data, but both require governance discipline to keep setup and tax input mappings consistent across clients.
Selecting a tool with limited edge-case workflow support for complex client profiles
Untied automation depth is limited compared with tax engines that cover wider edge cases, while Andica and 123sheets can still require careful data checks before filing export for less common schedules.
How We Selected and Ranked These Tools
We evaluated each tool on features that support agent versus client review flows, on ease of using return workflows for repeat-year work, and on value driven by how much manual rekeying the tool avoids. Features accounted for forty percent of the score, with ease and value each at thirty percent.
QuickBooks led the ranking because it reuses QuickBooks accounting data during return preparation and then routes client approval as an explicit step before agent submission, which reduces handoff friction while keeping the submission workflow controlled. BTCSoftware and Capium also ranked highly because client approval routing is integrated into the agent submission workflow, but QuickBooks scored higher on end-to-end reuse of accounting figures for return preparation.
Frequently Asked Questions About Self Assessment Tax Software
Which tool reuses accounting ledger data to reduce annual rekeying during SA preparation?
How does agent submission workflow handling differ between BTCSoftware, Capium, and Andica?
When do Government Gateway credentials come into play for HMRC submission, and which tools use them?
What breaks if iXBRL tagging requirements are not aligned between the accounting source and the self assessment workflow?
Where does sheet-based assembly fall short compared with form-driven workflows like those in Untied and 123sheets?
Which tool is best suited for prior-year import to carry values into the current SA workflow?
How do client approval routing states get tracked before submission export in IRIS and Nomisma?
Which products treat self assessment output as a structured package rather than only a form editor?
What data migration approach matters most when moving between worksheets and reusable year mapping in 123sheets versus pre-population in Sage?
Tools reviewed
Primary sources checked during evaluation.
Referenced in the comparison table and product reviews above.
Funding and competing interests
This study was co-funded by several of the vendors assessed in it. No single vendor funded it. Funders could propose the market studied.
They had no role in selecting vendors, setting or weighting criteria, analysing data or drawing conclusions, and they received the same factual-accuracy check as every other vendor assessed.
Market definition, inclusion rules and criteria weights were fixed by an editor before research began and did not change afterwards. Editorial process →
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