Top 8 Best Hazop Analysis Software of 2026

GITNUXSOFTWARE ADVICE

Safety Accidents

Top 8 Best Hazop Analysis Software of 2026

Compare the top Hazop Analysis Software tools for process safety in 2026, including ETQ Reliance and Qualys, and pick the best option.

8 tools compared24 min readUpdated 17 days agoAI-verified · Expert reviewed
How we ranked these tools
01Feature Verification

Core product claims cross-referenced against official documentation, changelogs, and independent technical reviews.

02Multimedia Review Aggregation

Analyzed video reviews and hundreds of written evaluations to capture real-world user experiences with each tool.

03Synthetic User Modeling

AI persona simulations modeled how different user types would experience each tool across common use cases and workflows.

04Human Editorial Review

Final rankings reviewed and approved by our editorial team with authority to override AI-generated scores based on domain expertise.

Read our full methodology →

Score: Features 40% · Ease 30% · Value 30%

Gitnux may earn a commission through links on this page — this does not influence rankings. Editorial policy

HAZOP analysis software streamlines hazard identification workflows, keeps findings auditable, and connects recommendations to corrective actions and verification evidence. This ranked list helps teams compare platforms by study authoring structure, collaboration support, and end-to-end traceability across safety deliverables.

Editor’s top 3 picks

Three quick recommendations before you dive into the full comparison below — each one leads on a different dimension.

Editor pick
1

Microsoft Teams

SharePoint document versioning linked to Teams channels

Built for safety review collaboration needing document control, tasks, and approvals.

2

ETQ Reliance

Editor pick

Traceable recommendation-to-action workflow with approval history for every HAZOP output

Built for organizations running repeatable HAZOP programs with strong governance and traceability.

3

Qualys

Editor pick

Finding-to-action traceability within structured HAZOP workbooks

Built for enterprises needing governed HAZOP capture, traceability, and action tracking.

Comparison Table

This comparison table evaluates HAZOP analysis software options used to structure hazard identification sessions, manage risk records, and track actions to closure. Readers can compare Microsoft Teams, ETQ Reliance, Qualys, LogicManager, RiskScale, and other tools across capabilities such as workflow support, reporting outputs, collaboration controls, and integration paths. The goal is to help teams map each platform’s strengths to HAZOP governance and documentation requirements.

1
Microsoft TeamsBest overall
facilitation
9.4/10
Overall
2
CAPA workflow
9.0/10
Overall
3
control assurance
8.7/10
Overall
4
risk platform
8.4/10
Overall
5
enterprise EHS
8.1/10
Overall
6
AI safety docs
7.8/10
Overall
7
HAZOP software
7.5/10
Overall
8
GRC risk
7.1/10
Overall
#1

Microsoft Teams

facilitation

Microsoft Teams provides structured meeting capture and collaboration used to run HAZOP facilitation sessions with action logging via connected work items.

9.4/10
Overall
Features9.7/10
Ease of Use9.1/10
Value9.2/10
Standout feature

SharePoint document versioning linked to Teams channels

Microsoft Teams is distinct for combining structured hazard communication with real-time collaboration across a single workspace. Teams supports HAZOP-style review workflows through channels, scheduled meetings, and document sharing with version history in SharePoint and OneDrive.

Integrations with Microsoft 365 enable exporting and tracking action items using Planner and task assignments tied to meetings and documents. For Hazop facilitation, it also provides search across conversations, approvals through approval flows, and consistent access control via Azure Active Directory.

Pros
  • +Channels organize HAZOP threads by unit, system, or scenario
  • +SharePoint document version history preserves revision trails for studies
  • +Planner captures action items with due dates and ownership
  • +Meeting recordings retain discussion context for later review
  • +Azure AD access controls restrict sensitive safety documents
Cons
  • Teams chat lacks built-in HAZOP table semantics like node-node deviations
  • Cross-team search depends on metadata and consistent file placement
  • Approval workflows are generic and need careful mapping to HAZOP steps
  • Offline editing of shared study artifacts can create merge friction

Best for: Safety review collaboration needing document control, tasks, and approvals

#2

ETQ Reliance

CAPA workflow

ETQ Reliance provides QMS and EHS workflow tooling used to run corrective action processes connected to HAZOP recommendations and verification evidence.

9.0/10
Overall
Features9.3/10
Ease of Use9.0/10
Value8.7/10
Standout feature

Traceable recommendation-to-action workflow with approval history for every HAZOP output

ETQ Reliance is distinctive for combining HAZOP study execution with broader quality and risk management workflows in one system. It supports structured HAZOP data capture with guideword-driven deviations, consequence capture, and consistent recommendation tracking.

The solution enables controlled reviews and assignment of actions tied to findings so results stay traceable through closure. Team workflows benefit from configurable roles, audit-ready history, and reporting that links analysis outputs to compliance evidence.

Pros
  • +Structured HAZOP data fields keep deviations and consequences consistent across teams
  • +Action tracking ties each recommendation to responsible owners and closure states
  • +Audit-ready history supports governance over study changes and approvals
  • +Configurable workflows manage study creation, review, and signoff steps
Cons
  • Guided HAZOP configuration can feel complex for first-time setup
  • Advanced study reporting may require additional configuration effort
  • Cross-module workflows can increase process overhead for small projects

Best for: Organizations running repeatable HAZOP programs with strong governance and traceability

#3

Qualys

control assurance

Qualys is a security risk platform and is generally used by organizations to manage safety-adjacent controls tied to digital systems rather than direct HAZOP study authoring.

8.7/10
Overall
Features8.6/10
Ease of Use8.7/10
Value8.8/10
Standout feature

Finding-to-action traceability within structured HAZOP workbooks

Qualys supports HAZOP-style risk assessment workflows through structured workbooks, hazards and deviations modeling, and centralized issue tracking. The solution links findings to remediation actions and evidence so audits can trace recommendations back to the analysis scope.

Standardized templates help teams apply consistent deviation logic and recording fields across multiple projects. Collaboration features support shared review states and controlled data entry for distributed HAZOP participants.

Pros
  • +Structured hazard and deviation modeling supports consistent HAZOP documentation
  • +Centralized finding tracking links recommendations to closure workflow
  • +Template-driven entries improve standardization across multiple assessments
  • +Audit-friendly evidence attachment ties decisions to documented basis
Cons
  • HAZOP reporting depends on template fit for each operating mode
  • Complex assessments can become heavy to navigate in large workbooks
  • Advanced tailoring may require specialized admin configuration
  • Visualization depth for P&ID-level context may lag dedicated HAZOP tools

Best for: Enterprises needing governed HAZOP capture, traceability, and action tracking

#4

LogicManager

risk platform

LogicManager provides a web-based HSE and safety risk platform that supports structured hazard identification and risk assessment workflows used in HAZOP programs.

8.4/10
Overall
Features8.4/10
Ease of Use8.7/10
Value8.1/10
Standout feature

Study lifecycle management that links deviations, causes, consequences, and actions in one HAZOP record

LogicManager distinguishes itself with a dedicated HAZOP workspace that links guide words, deviations, and consequences to structured work products. The software supports managing studies through issue capture, risk records, and action tracking tied to review findings.

It also emphasizes audit-ready documentation by keeping decisions, assumptions, and sign-offs within a consistent study lifecycle. Reporting outputs consolidate the HAZOP analysis into shareable, traceable formats for engineering and compliance workflows.

Pros
  • +HAZOP study structure ties guide words to deviations and recorded consequences
  • +Issue and action tracking keeps mitigations connected to specific hazards
  • +Centralized records support traceable documentation and review sign-offs
  • +Workflow controls help standardize study execution across teams
Cons
  • More rigid study structure can slow atypical HAZOP documentation
  • Complex setups require careful configuration to match internal methodology
  • Export and layout customization can feel limited for branded reports

Best for: Process-safety teams needing structured HAZOP documentation and traceable actions

#5

RiskScale

enterprise EHS

RiskScale delivers an enterprise safety risk management system with structured workflow forms for hazard studies and corrective action tracking that align with HAZOP use cases.

8.1/10
Overall
Features8.1/10
Ease of Use8.2/10
Value7.9/10
Standout feature

Node-based HAZOP data model that keeps deviations, safeguards, and recommendations linked for exports

RiskScale distinguishes itself by focusing directly on structured HAZOP facilitation with risk register outputs tied to defined parameters and deviations. It supports guided study workflows that capture causes, safeguards, consequences, and recommendations in a consistent format.

The tool helps teams maintain study continuity across sessions by keeping findings organized per node and action item. It also enables exportable documentation of HAZOP results for downstream reviews and audits.

Pros
  • +HAZOP-focused workflow reduces inconsistent entries across study teams
  • +Structured storage for parameters, deviations, causes, safeguards, and recommendations
  • +Findings and action items remain organized by node and study session
  • +Documentation outputs support audit-ready review of HAZOP decisions
Cons
  • May be less suitable for non-HAZOP risk methodologies
  • Configuration flexibility can lag behind bespoke HAZOP templates
  • Large studies can require careful setup to keep mappings accurate

Best for: Teams running repeatable HAZOP studies with strong documentation and action tracking

#6

LAGO

AI safety docs

LAGO is an AI-assisted safety and risk documentation tool that structures hazards and recommendations for safety studies such as HAZOP.

7.8/10
Overall
Features7.9/10
Ease of Use7.7/10
Value7.6/10
Standout feature

Study workspace versioning that preserves HAZOP findings and recommended actions across revisions

LAGO stands out for turning HAZOP facilitation into a structured workflow with collaborative review artifacts. The solution supports assigning nodes, parameters, deviations, causes, safeguards, and actions in a consistent form that aligns directly with HAZOP method outputs.

It enables traceable linkage between hazards and recommended actions so review decisions stay auditable. The workspace organizes studies and revisions to reduce lost context between workshop rounds.

Pros
  • +Structured HAZOP data model covers deviations, causes, safeguards, and actions
  • +Action linkage keeps mitigations traceable to specific HAZOP findings
  • +Versioned study workspaces preserve context across revisions
  • +Collaboration features support multi-stakeholder workshop contributions
Cons
  • Limited evidence for automated scenario generation beyond manual HAZOP inputs
  • Export and formatting controls for nonstandard templates may require workarounds
  • Custom domain taxonomies can be time-consuming to set up consistently

Best for: Teams running repeatable HAZOPs who need traceable action management

#7

CASESOFT HAZOP

HAZOP software

CASESOFT HAZOP offers dedicated HAZOP worksheet support and study documentation features for structured safety reviews.

7.5/10
Overall
Features7.6/10
Ease of Use7.5/10
Value7.3/10
Standout feature

Node-based deviation and recommendation capture with built-in traceability to actions

CASESOFT HAZOP focuses on structured Hazop facilitation with reusable node, deviation, and consequence patterns that support repeatable studies. It provides a guided workflow for brainstorming and recording deviations, causes, consequences, safeguards, and recommendations in a consistent format.

The solution supports document-style outputs that align findings with process segments and study sessions. It also supports traceability from study entries to action items and resolution status so review cycles stay organized.

Pros
  • +Guided Hazop workflow captures deviations, causes, consequences, safeguards, and actions consistently
  • +Reusable study templates speed up recurring node-based analyses
  • +Traceable action items keep follow-up linked to specific Hazop findings
  • +Document-style exports support review and audit-ready documentation
Cons
  • Less suited for event-tree or fault-tree work beyond Hazop scope
  • Collaboration controls are limited compared with broader workflow platforms
  • Building complex process diagrams requires external diagram management
  • Strong structure can feel restrictive for highly bespoke study formats

Best for: Teams running repeated Hazop studies across process plants and line segments

#8

Riskonnect

GRC risk

Riskonnect provides a risk and compliance management suite with configurable workflows for capturing hazards and managing remediation actions tied to HAZOP outcomes.

7.1/10
Overall
Features7.5/10
Ease of Use6.9/10
Value6.9/10
Standout feature

Integrated action tracking that links HAZOP recommendations to owners, due dates, and closure evidence

Riskonnect differentiates itself with tight alignment between risk management workflows and process-safety Hazop authoring. The platform supports HAZOP study creation, scenario management, and action tracking from initiation through closure.

It centralizes findings, recommendations, and evidence in a structured work-product that supports audit-ready traceability. Strong configuration options help standardize study templates, roles, and governance across multiple facilities.

Pros
  • +End-to-end Hazop study workflow with findings and action management in one system
  • +Structured traceability connects scenarios, causes, safeguards, and recommendations for auditing
  • +Configurable governance supports consistent templates across multiple sites
Cons
  • Setup and process governance require careful configuration before scaling studies
  • Complex study structures can make navigation slower for large HAZOP libraries
  • Bulk edits across deeply linked fields can be cumbersome

Best for: Organizations standardizing Hazop governance with enterprise risk workflows and audit traceability

How to Choose the Right Hazop Analysis Software

This buyer’s guide helps safety and process-safety teams choose Hazop Analysis Software by mapping real study workflows to specific tools like Microsoft Teams, ETQ Reliance, Qualys, and LogicManager. Covered tools also include RiskScale, LAGO, CASESOFT HAZOP, and Riskonnect so selection criteria stay grounded in how studies, recommendations, and action closure are actually captured. The guide focuses on how each tool structures HAZOP records, supports traceability from deviations to actions, and handles collaboration and documentation control.

What Is Hazop Analysis Software?

Hazop Analysis Software captures structured HAZOP work products such as nodes, parameters, guideword-driven deviations, causes, safeguards, consequences, and recommendations in a controlled workflow. It solves the operational problem of keeping hazards and findings traceable to assigned actions, owners, due dates, and closure evidence across the life of a study. These tools are used by process-safety and safety governance teams to standardize facilitation sessions and produce audit-ready documentation that engineering and compliance teams can review. In practice, tools like Microsoft Teams support HAZOP-style collaboration with SharePoint document versioning and Planner action logging, while ETQ Reliance supports a recommendation-to-action workflow with approval history for every HAZOP output.

Key Features to Look For

These features determine whether HAZOP outputs remain consistent across sessions and whether action closure stays traceable for audits and governance.

  • Recommendation-to-action traceability with approval history

    ETQ Reliance links each HAZOP recommendation to responsible owners, closure states, and audit-ready history with approval steps for study outputs. Riskonnect also links HAZOP recommendations to owners, due dates, and closure evidence in an end-to-end workflow.

  • Study lifecycle structure that connects deviations, causes, safeguards, consequences, and actions

    LogicManager runs a dedicated HAZOP workspace that ties guide words, deviations, consequences, and recorded actions into one study lifecycle. RiskScale keeps deviations, safeguards, causes, and recommendations in a structured node-based model so findings stay connected when exported.

  • Version-controlled study artifacts and collaboration workspace

    Microsoft Teams pairs channel-based facilitation with SharePoint document version history so revisions remain preserved alongside the study workspace. LAGO provides study workspace versioning so hazards and recommended actions keep their context across workshop rounds and later edits.

  • Node-based data model for exports and repeatable session continuity

    RiskScale keeps a node-based data model that maintains the relationship between deviations, safeguards, and recommendations for export-ready documentation. CASESOFT HAZOP uses node-based deviation and recommendation capture with built-in traceability so repeated plant and line segment studies stay organized.

  • Governed templates and controlled HAZOP capture fields

    Qualys uses template-driven workbooks to standardize hazard and deviation modeling fields across projects and to support consistent finding recording. ETQ Reliance uses configurable workflows with roles and review signoffs so HAZOP study creation, review, and approval steps follow governance rules.

  • Evidence attachment and centralized finding tracking that supports closure

    Qualys centralizes finding tracking and links recommendations to remediation actions and evidence so audits can trace decisions back to documented basis. Riskonnect centralizes findings, recommendations, and evidence in structured work products so closure evidence connects to the scenarios and actions created during the study.

How to Choose the Right Hazop Analysis Software

Selecting the right tool depends on which part of the HAZOP workflow must be most tightly governed and how action closure evidence is expected to be stored and audited.

  • Map required traceability from deviations to closure evidence

    If the organization needs end-to-end traceability with owner assignment, due dates, and closure evidence tied to recommendations, ETQ Reliance and Riskonnect fit that requirement with structured action tracking. If traceability must live inside structured workbooks with template-driven evidence attachment, Qualys provides finding-to-action traceability inside governed workbooks.

  • Choose the study structure that matches the team’s facilitation style

    For teams that run HAZOP sessions inside collaboration spaces with controlled documents, Microsoft Teams supports channel-based HAZOP thread organization, meeting recordings, and SharePoint version history. For process-safety teams that need rigid HAZOP record structure across deviations, causes, safeguards, consequences, and actions, LogicManager provides a dedicated HAZOP workspace with a consistent study lifecycle.

  • Confirm node-based organization for repeatable studies and exports

    For repeatable studies where each node must keep deviations, safeguards, and recommendations linked for export, RiskScale provides a node-based HAZOP data model. For teams running repeated plant and line segment studies with guided worksheet patterns, CASESOFT HAZOP uses reusable node, deviation, and consequence patterns with traceability to action items.

  • Validate governance controls for review signoffs and audit readiness

    ETQ Reliance uses configurable workflows with review and signoff steps and audit-ready history that preserves governance over study changes. Qualys provides audit-friendly evidence attachment tied to documented decisions, while LogicManager keeps decisions, assumptions, and sign-offs within a consistent study lifecycle.

  • Stress-test collaboration, offline editing, and large-study navigation

    If the workflow includes cross-team collaboration and sensitive document access, Microsoft Teams ties access control to Azure Active Directory and preserves revision trails using SharePoint. If the study library becomes large, Riskonnect can require slower navigation across deeply linked fields for complex structures, so pilot testing should validate usability for the expected study volume.

Who Needs Hazop Analysis Software?

Hazop Analysis Software benefits organizations that must standardize HAZOP capture, manage recommendations as trackable actions, and preserve audit-ready documentation across study iterations.

  • Safety review collaboration teams that need document control and action logging inside a team workspace

    Microsoft Teams is a strong match for safety review collaboration because channels organize HAZOP threads by unit, SharePoint document versioning preserves revision trails, and Planner captures action items with due dates and owners. This segment also benefits from Teams meeting recordings that retain discussion context for later review.

  • Organizations running repeatable HAZOP programs with strong governance, approvals, and traceability

    ETQ Reliance fits teams that require traceable recommendation-to-action workflows with approval history for every HAZOP output. Riskonnect also supports governance and audit traceability across multiple facilities with configurable templates, roles, and action evidence linked to recommendations.

  • Enterprises that need governed HAZOP capture tied to digital-system risk controls and evidence-driven audit trails

    Qualys supports governed capture in structured workbooks with template-driven hazard and deviation modeling and centralized finding tracking linked to remediation actions and evidence. This makes it well-suited for organizations that must connect documented safety-related decisions to closure artifacts.

  • Process-safety teams that require rigid HAZOP record structure and traceable actions for engineering and compliance review

    LogicManager provides a dedicated HAZOP workspace that links guide words, deviations, consequences, and traceable actions in one study lifecycle. RiskScale complements this need with a node-based data model that keeps deviations, safeguards, and recommendations linked for consistent exports.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Common selection mistakes come from choosing a tool that does not fully support structured capture, traceability, or governance controls needed for HAZOP execution and closure.

  • Treating collaboration tools as substitutes for HAZOP semantics

    Microsoft Teams supports structured discussion capture with channel organization and SharePoint versioning, but it does not provide built-in HAZOP table semantics like node-node deviations. Tools like LogicManager, RiskScale, and CASESOFT HAZOP provide guided HAZOP worksheet capture designed for deviations, causes, safeguards, and recommendations.

  • Underestimating the setup complexity of guided HAZOP workflows

    ETQ Reliance guided HAZOP configuration can feel complex for first-time setup, and Riskonnect setup requires careful process governance before scaling studies. LogicManager and CASESOFT HAZOP reduce mismatch risk by enforcing a dedicated or reusable study structure for deviations and traceable actions.

  • Using template-driven tools with workflows that do not match the templates

    Qualys HAZOP reporting depends on template fit for each operating mode, and advanced tailoring can require specialized admin configuration. RiskScale focuses directly on HAZOP facilitation fields and exports with a node-based model that keeps core HAZOP elements linked.

  • Expecting flexible documentation layout branding without workarounds

    LogicManager export and layout customization can feel limited for branded reports, and LAGO export and formatting controls for nonstandard templates may require workarounds. Microsoft Teams can rely on SharePoint-stored study documents, while CASESOFT HAZOP provides document-style outputs tied to study entries and action resolution status.

How We Selected and Ranked These Tools

We evaluated each tool using three sub-dimensions. Features have a weight of 0.4, ease of use has a weight of 0.3, and value has a weight of 0.3. The overall rating equals 0.40 × features plus 0.30 × ease of use plus 0.30 × value. Microsoft Teams separated from lower-ranked tools primarily because SharePoint document versioning linked to Teams channels directly supported study revision trails while still enabling action logging with Planner and ownership.

Frequently Asked Questions About Hazop Analysis Software

How do Microsoft Teams and LogicManager differ for managing HAZOP study outputs and approvals?
Microsoft Teams runs HAZOP review activity inside channels and meetings, then ties files to SharePoint or OneDrive version history. LogicManager keeps HAZOP decisions, assumptions, and sign-offs in a dedicated study lifecycle so deviations, causes, consequences, and actions stay in one structured HAZOP record.
Which tool best supports repeatable HAZOP facilitation with guideword-driven deviations and consistent recommendation tracking?
ETQ Reliance supports structured HAZOP data capture using guideword-driven deviations, consequence capture, and controlled recommendation tracking. CASESOFT HAZOP provides reusable node, deviation, and consequence patterns that produce consistent study documentation across repeated sessions.
What software options provide traceability from HAZOP findings to action closure evidence?
Riskonnect links HAZOP recommendations to owners, due dates, and closure evidence so audit trails stay intact through closure. ETQ Reliance and Qualys both connect findings to remediation actions and evidence so teams can trace recommendations back to the analysis scope.
How do Qualys and RiskScale handle standardization of HAZOP recording fields across multiple projects or sessions?
Qualys uses standardized templates that apply consistent deviation logic and recording fields across multiple projects. RiskScale focuses on structured HAZOP facilitation with a guided study workflow that keeps causes, safeguards, consequences, and recommendations in a consistent format per node.
Which platform is better suited for node-based continuity when a HAZOP session spans multiple workshop rounds?
RiskScale maintains study continuity across sessions by organizing findings per node and action item. LAGO preserves context across workshop rounds by versioning the study workspace so nodes, parameters, deviations, causes, safeguards, and actions remain linked through revisions.
What integration approach supports collaboration and task management alongside HAZOP reviews in one workflow?
Microsoft Teams integrates with Microsoft 365 so action items can be tracked with Planner and task assignments tied to meetings and documents. Riskonnect centralizes HAZOP work products with action tracking from initiation through closure so collaboration can remain focused on one governance workflow.
Which tools emphasize audit-ready history and governance controls for distributed review teams?
ETQ Reliance provides audit-ready history with configurable roles and traceable approval history for HAZOP outputs. Microsoft Teams enforces consistent access control through Azure Active Directory and retains document versioning through SharePoint and OneDrive.
What common problems happen during HAZOP documentation and how do dedicated study workspaces address them?
Teams often lose context between sessions when deviations, safeguards, and actions get disconnected from the same node and review decisions. LogicManager and LAGO address this by keeping HAZOP elements and related actions within a structured study lifecycle or a versioned study workspace that preserves linkages.
Which software is best for building HAZOP outputs that feed downstream engineering and compliance workflows in shareable formats?
LogicManager produces shareable, traceable reporting outputs that consolidate the HAZOP analysis into formats used by engineering and compliance teams. RiskScale similarly enables exportable documentation that keeps deviations, safeguards, and recommendations linked for downstream reviews and audits.

Conclusion

After evaluating 8 safety accidents, Microsoft Teams stands out as our overall top pick — it scored highest across our combined criteria of features, ease of use, and value, which is why it sits at #1 in the rankings above.

Our Top Pick
Microsoft Teams

Use the comparison table and detailed reviews above to validate the fit against your own requirements before committing to a tool.

Tools reviewed

Primary sources checked during evaluation.

Referenced in the comparison table and product reviews above.

Logos provided by Logo.dev

Keep exploring

FOR SOFTWARE VENDORS

Not on this list? Let’s fix that.

Our best-of pages are how many teams discover and compare tools in this space. If you think your product belongs in this lineup, we’d like to hear from you—we’ll walk you through fit and what an editorial entry looks like.

Apply for a Listing

WHAT THIS INCLUDES

  • Where buyers compare

    Readers come to these pages to shortlist software—your product shows up in that moment, not in a random sidebar.

  • Editorial write-up

    We describe your product in our own words and check the facts before anything goes live.

  • On-page brand presence

    You appear in the roundup the same way as other tools we cover: name, positioning, and a clear next step for readers who want to learn more.

  • Kept up to date

    We refresh lists on a regular rhythm so the category page stays useful as products and pricing change.