GITNUXSOFTWARE ADVICE
Mental Health PsychologyTop 8 Best Cognitive Psychology Software of 2026
Compare Cognitive Psychology Software with a top 10 ranking in 2026, including MindShift CBT, Unmind, and Woebot Health.
How we ranked these tools
Core product claims cross-referenced against official documentation, changelogs, and independent technical reviews.
Analyzed video reviews and hundreds of written evaluations to capture real-world user experiences with each tool.
AI persona simulations modeled how different user types would experience each tool across common use cases and workflows.
Final rankings reviewed and approved by our editorial team with authority to override AI-generated scores based on domain expertise.
Score: Features 40% · Ease 30% · Value 30%
Gitnux may earn a commission through links on this page — this does not influence rankings. Editorial policy
Editor’s top 3 picks
Three quick recommendations before you dive into the full comparison below — each one leads on a different dimension.
MindShift CBT
Guided CBT thought-challenge and coping plan builder
Built for individual CBT practice and guided anxiety work with structured worksheets.
Unmind
Psychological wellbeing learning journeys with assessment-driven personalization
Built for hR and people teams rolling out structured psychological wellbeing programs.
Woebot Health
CBT-guided chat sessions that combine mood check-ins with cognitive coping exercises.
Built for individuals needing accessible CBT skill practice through conversational prompts..
Related reading
Comparison Table
This comparison table evaluates Cognitive Psychology Software options that support mental health and skills training through guided exercises, CBT-style programs, coaching chatbots, and structured journaling. Readers can scan side-by-side details across tools such as MindShift CBT, Unmind, Woebot Health, Wysa, and MoodGYM to compare primary use cases, delivery formats, and practical features.
| # | Tool | Category | Overall | Features | Ease of Use | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MindShift CBT Provides cognitive behavioral therapy tools and structured worksheets that help users practice CBT skills for anxiety and related cognitive patterns. | CBT workbook | 8.2/10 | 8.6/10 | 8.8/10 | 7.1/10 |
| 2 | Unmind Delivers guided mental health programs that include cognitive skills exercises and psychoeducation tailored to stress and wellbeing needs. | guided wellbeing | 8.0/10 | 8.5/10 | 8.2/10 | 7.2/10 |
| 3 | Woebot Health Uses an AI conversational coach to deliver mental health support grounded in cognitive behavioral approaches with daily check-ins and exercises. | AI CBT coaching | 7.8/10 | 7.8/10 | 8.6/10 | 6.9/10 |
| 4 | Wysa Offers an AI-supported mental health companion with CBT-style coping tools and guided interventions for anxiety, stress, and related cognitive issues. | AI coping tools | 7.4/10 | 7.3/10 | 8.2/10 | 6.8/10 |
| 5 | MoodGYM Runs CBT training modules that teach cognitive restructuring and behavioral skills through interactive lessons and exercises. | CBT training | 8.2/10 | 8.6/10 | 8.0/10 | 7.8/10 |
| 6 | Headspace Delivers guided mindfulness and mental skills content that supports cognitive control and stress regulation practices. | mindfulness skills | 7.4/10 | 7.0/10 | 8.6/10 | 6.9/10 |
| 7 | 4Psych CBT Provides CBT self-help assessments and structured exercises that target maladaptive thinking patterns and coping behaviors. | CBT exercises | 7.2/10 | 7.6/10 | 7.1/10 | 6.9/10 |
| 8 | CogniFit Delivers web-based brain training exercises that measure performance and train cognitive functions linked to psychological wellbeing. | brain training | 7.7/10 | 8.1/10 | 7.3/10 | 7.4/10 |
Provides cognitive behavioral therapy tools and structured worksheets that help users practice CBT skills for anxiety and related cognitive patterns.
Delivers guided mental health programs that include cognitive skills exercises and psychoeducation tailored to stress and wellbeing needs.
Uses an AI conversational coach to deliver mental health support grounded in cognitive behavioral approaches with daily check-ins and exercises.
Offers an AI-supported mental health companion with CBT-style coping tools and guided interventions for anxiety, stress, and related cognitive issues.
Runs CBT training modules that teach cognitive restructuring and behavioral skills through interactive lessons and exercises.
Delivers guided mindfulness and mental skills content that supports cognitive control and stress regulation practices.
Provides CBT self-help assessments and structured exercises that target maladaptive thinking patterns and coping behaviors.
Delivers web-based brain training exercises that measure performance and train cognitive functions linked to psychological wellbeing.
MindShift CBT
CBT workbookProvides cognitive behavioral therapy tools and structured worksheets that help users practice CBT skills for anxiety and related cognitive patterns.
Guided CBT thought-challenge and coping plan builder
MindShift CBT centers on structured cognitive behavioral therapy exercises built around practical anxiety and thought work. Core modules support CBT-style worksheets, guided activities, and tracking tools that map situations to thoughts and coping responses. The software design emphasizes self-guided progress through repeatable routines that mirror common CBT homework. Overall, the tool prioritizes actionable CBT practice rather than complex experimental workflows for cognitive research.
Pros
- CBT workflow supports thought, emotion, and behavior reframing exercises
- Guided activities translate CBT homework into step-by-step interactions
- Tracking helps users review patterns across anxiety triggers and responses
Cons
- Limited support for formal cognitive psychology experiment design
- Fewer advanced analytics for researchers needing variable-level measurement
- Best outcomes rely on user discipline without clinician workflow tools
Best For
Individual CBT practice and guided anxiety work with structured worksheets
More related reading
Unmind
guided wellbeingDelivers guided mental health programs that include cognitive skills exercises and psychoeducation tailored to stress and wellbeing needs.
Psychological wellbeing learning journeys with assessment-driven personalization
Unmind stands out for delivering cognitive and psychological wellbeing programs through structured, employer-style learning journeys tied to workplace behaviors. Core capabilities include guided modules, evidence-informed content, and self-assessments that map people to relevant activities. The platform also supports manager resources and practical interventions focused on stress, resilience, and mental health habits rather than standalone CBT worksheets.
Pros
- Evidence-informed wellbeing journeys with topic coverage across stress and resilience
- Personalized recommendations based on assessments and program pathways
- Manager-facing resources to support team-level psychological safety routines
Cons
- Limited depth for clinicians needing granular CBT protocol configuration
- Customization relies on program templates rather than fully open content design
- Engagement depends on ongoing rollout practices by workplace administrators
Best For
HR and people teams rolling out structured psychological wellbeing programs
Woebot Health
AI CBT coachingUses an AI conversational coach to deliver mental health support grounded in cognitive behavioral approaches with daily check-ins and exercises.
CBT-guided chat sessions that combine mood check-ins with cognitive coping exercises.
Woebot Health stands out by delivering CBT-style conversations through a chatbot experience designed for mental health support. It provides structured coping tools such as mood tracking, guided CBT exercises, and conversational interventions aligned with cognitive behavioral principles. The system emphasizes self-guided daily interactions and relapse-prevention style prompts through ongoing message flows rather than therapist-style sessions. It supports pragmatic cognitive skills practice in an accessible chat format across many common mental health scenarios.
Pros
- CBT-style conversational flows guide users through structured cognitive exercises.
- Mood check-ins and journaling reduce friction for tracking patterns over time.
- Instant chat-based delivery supports frequent, low-effort practice.
Cons
- Limited depth for complex cognitive cases needing nuanced clinical formulation.
- Personalization depends on scripted pathways rather than individualized therapy logic.
- Progress signals rely on user inputs instead of rich behavioral assessment
Best For
Individuals needing accessible CBT skill practice through conversational prompts.
More related reading
Wysa
AI coping toolsOffers an AI-supported mental health companion with CBT-style coping tools and guided interventions for anxiety, stress, and related cognitive issues.
CBT-inspired thought challenging through guided chatbot conversations and coping exercises
Wysa stands out by combining chatbot-based mental health support with guided CBT style exercises and reflective check-ins. It offers self-help programs, emotion regulation tools, and structured coping activities that align with cognitive behavioral approaches. The platform also provides asynchronous journaling and conversational prompts designed to keep users engaged between sessions. Its cognitive psychology angle is strongest for thought reframing and skills practice, not for clinical research instrumentation.
Pros
- CBT style thought reframing prompts support cognitive restructuring practice.
- Conversational check-ins encourage consistent self-monitoring and skills rehearsal.
- Guided exercises cover coping strategies beyond generic chat responses.
- Journaling captures reflections that can be reviewed over time.
Cons
- Limited visibility into underlying assessment logic for cognitive constructs.
- Not designed for controlled experiments or validated cognitive testing batteries.
- Requires careful escalation pathways for users needing immediate clinical care.
Best For
Teams and individuals wanting CBT skill practice via guided conversational workflows
MoodGYM
CBT trainingRuns CBT training modules that teach cognitive restructuring and behavioral skills through interactive lessons and exercises.
Interactive thought record exercises for identifying, testing, and reframing automatic thoughts
MoodGYM stands out for delivering structured cognitive behavioral therapy style lessons through interactive browser sessions. It targets common cognitive processes in anxiety and depression by using psychoeducation, thought records, and guided behavioral change activities. The program tracks completed modules to support consistent progression across core CBT components like cognitive restructuring and problem solving.
Pros
- Structured CBT modules with repeated practice for cognitive restructuring
- Interactive worksheets guide thought reframing step by step
- Clear progression through psychoeducation, skills training, and exercises
- Browser-based delivery reduces setup friction for everyday use
Cons
- Limited personalization beyond built-in pathways and prompts
- Minimal therapist workflow tools for case management and reporting
- Exercises focus on CBT patterns and may not fit all modalities
- Progress tracking stays instructional rather than outcome analytics
Best For
Self-guided learners practicing CBT skills for anxiety and depression
More related reading
Headspace
mindfulness skillsDelivers guided mindfulness and mental skills content that supports cognitive control and stress regulation practices.
Sleepcasts library with bedtime audio tracks for relaxation-focused practice
Headspace stands out by pairing guided mindfulness audio with structured skill tracks designed for stress and attention regulation. Its core offering centers on short sessions, themed courses, and meditations that support cognitive and emotional self-management goals. The platform also adds a sleep focus with bedtime audio and a daily reminder loop to encourage consistent practice. Overall, it functions best as a cognitive habits coaching tool rather than as a research-grade cognitive assessment system.
Pros
- Guided mindfulness sessions map to stress and attention regulation goals
- Course tracks and topic libraries make content discoverable without setup
- Daily reminders support consistent behavior change routines
Cons
- Limited tools for quantitative cognitive measurement or task-based training
- Personalization relies on practice choice rather than cognitive profile modeling
- Content is less suitable for scientific protocol-driven experiments
Best For
Individuals building daily mindfulness routines for attention and stress management
4Psych CBT
CBT exercisesProvides CBT self-help assessments and structured exercises that target maladaptive thinking patterns and coping behaviors.
Guided CBT session planning that ties interventions and homework to treatment stages
4Psych CBT focuses on delivering structured cognitive behavioral therapy workflows inside a digital case environment. It supports CBT session planning, symptom tracking, and homework-style interventions that align with common CBT stages. The tool emphasizes clinician-facing documentation and guided treatment steps rather than research-grade cognitive testing features. Overall, it functions as a CBT delivery and management system for therapy documentation and progress monitoring.
Pros
- CBT-focused session structure supports consistent therapeutic documentation
- Progress and symptom tracking supports longitudinal review of client change
- Homework and intervention planning aligns with standard CBT treatment workflows
Cons
- CBT workflow depth can feel rigid for nonstandard treatment plans
- Limited evidence of advanced assessment batteries for cognitive psychology
- Clinician-centric screens can slow quick data entry during sessions
Best For
Clinicians delivering CBT who need structured documentation and progress tracking
More related reading
CogniFit
brain trainingDelivers web-based brain training exercises that measure performance and train cognitive functions linked to psychological wellbeing.
Personalized brain training recommendations generated from assessment results
CogniFit stands out by combining cognitive assessment tasks with brain training exercises that map results to cognitive domains. The platform supports clinicians and educators with guided test administration, automated scoring, and progress reporting over repeated sessions. Cognitive psychology content is delivered through structured tasks such as memory, attention, reasoning, and processing-speed measures, paired with personalized training plans. Reporting emphasizes changes across sessions rather than raw test logs, which helps translate assessments into actionable insights.
Pros
- Assessment and training use shared cognitive domain frameworks
- Automated scoring reduces manual interpretation work
- Progress views track changes across repeated sessions
Cons
- Setup and interpretation require meaningful domain familiarity
- Task customization is limited compared with fully bespoke test design
- Reporting depth can feel constrained for research workflows
Best For
Clinicians and educators running repeated cognitive screenings and training plans
How to Choose the Right Cognitive Psychology Software
This buyer's guide explains how to choose Cognitive Psychology Software by comparing tools that deliver CBT practice, wellbeing programs, mindfulness routines, and cognitive assessment plus brain training. Covered tools include MindShift CBT, Unmind, Woebot Health, Wysa, MoodGYM, Headspace, 4Psych CBT, and CogniFit. The guide maps concrete selection criteria to specific workflows like guided thought-challenges, employer-style learning journeys, and repeated cognitive screening with automated scoring.
What Is Cognitive Psychology Software?
Cognitive Psychology Software supports cognitive and psychological skill building by delivering structured mental training content, guided exercises, and progress tracking across common cognitive patterns. Many tools in this category focus on CBT-style restructuring workflows that translate thought processes into actionable coping steps, such as MindShift CBT with guided worksheets and coping plan building. Other tools deliver cognitive wellbeing journeys for teams, such as Unmind, or provide cognitive assessment plus training plans, such as CogniFit. Typical users include individuals practicing CBT skills, clinicians documenting CBT treatment stages, educators running repeated cognitive screening, and HR teams rolling out structured wellbeing programs.
Key Features to Look For
The best Cognitive Psychology Software matches the software workflow to the target use case, such as self-guided CBT practice, clinician documentation, workplace learning journeys, or repeated cognitive screening.
Guided CBT thought-challenge and coping-plan workflows
Choose software that turns cognitive restructuring into step-by-step interactions instead of open-ended journaling. MindShift CBT provides a guided thought-challenge and coping plan builder, while Wysa and Woebot Health deliver CBT-inspired thought reframing through chatbot-based conversations.
Interactive thought records with structured cognitive steps
Look for interactive exercises that guide users through identifying, testing, and reframing automatic thoughts. MoodGYM focuses on interactive thought record exercises for that full sequence, while MindShift CBT uses repeatable CBT homework-style workflows to structure the same cognitive steps.
Assessment-driven personalization that recommends next activities or training plans
Prioritize tools that map user inputs to tailored program pathways or training recommendations rather than a single linear course. Unmind uses assessment-driven personalization to route people into wellbeing learning journeys, while CogniFit generates personalized brain training recommendations from cognitive assessment results.
Progress tracking across sessions and repeated practice
Select tools that track completion and change over time so practice can be sustained and revisited. MoodGYM tracks module completion to support consistent progression, while CogniFit emphasizes progress views across repeated sessions using automated scoring.
Clinician-facing CBT session planning and documentation
For therapy delivery workflows, prioritize structured session planning tied to interventions and homework. 4Psych CBT provides guided CBT session planning that ties interventions and homework to treatment stages, and it also supports symptom tracking for longitudinal review.
Role-specific content libraries for attention, stress, and sleep support
For cognitive control and stress regulation routines, choose platforms built around themed skill tracks and daily practice loops. Headspace delivers guided mindfulness with course tracks and a sleep focus through Sleepcasts, while Unmind organizes structured topic libraries into employer-style psychological wellbeing learning journeys.
How to Choose the Right Cognitive Psychology Software
The selection process should start with the intended workflow, since tools differ sharply between CBT skill practice, workplace programs, clinician documentation, and repeated cognitive screening.
Match the software to the delivery model
If the goal is self-guided CBT worksheets for anxiety, MindShift CBT fits because it centers on structured CBT worksheets, guided activities, and tracking across thought, emotion, and behavior reframing. If the goal is chat-based skill practice that reduces friction for daily use, Woebot Health and Wysa fit because both deliver CBT-style conversational prompts combined with mood check-ins and reflective exercises.
Pick the cognitive skill workflow type
For structured cognitive restructuring practice, MoodGYM provides interactive thought records that guide identifying, testing, and reframing automatic thoughts. For guided coping-plan building, MindShift CBT stands out with its thought-challenge and coping plan builder, while Woebot Health and Wysa keep the same CBT purpose inside chatbot conversations.
Decide whether assessment results should drive the next step
If the software must recommend next actions from user assessments for a wellbeing journey, choose Unmind because it personalizes pathways based on assessment-driven program routes. If the software must assess cognitive domains and then generate training recommendations, choose CogniFit because it combines assessment tasks with brain training plans and uses automated scoring with progress reporting across repeated sessions.
Choose the right tool for clinical documentation versus research-grade instrumentation
If the primary requirement is clinician workflow for CBT treatment staging and homework planning, choose 4Psych CBT because it provides guided CBT session planning tied to treatment stages plus symptom and progress tracking for longitudinal review. If the requirement is repeated cognitive screening and training rather than CBT case management, choose CogniFit because its reporting emphasizes changes across sessions using automated scoring.
Validate that the scope fits the complexity of the target cases
For straightforward anxiety and depression skills practice, MoodGYM and MindShift CBT deliver structured CBT activities with limited emphasis on advanced experimentation design. For mindfulness and relaxation routines focused on stress and attention regulation, Headspace fits because it centers on guided mindfulness sessions, course tracks, daily reminders, and Sleepcasts for bedtime audio.
Who Needs Cognitive Psychology Software?
Different audiences need different software behaviors, so the best match depends on whether guided CBT practice, workplace wellbeing journeys, clinician documentation, or cognitive assessment plus training is the priority.
Individuals practicing CBT skills for anxiety and cognitive coping
MindShift CBT is designed for structured worksheet-based anxiety and thought work with a guided thought-challenge and coping plan builder. MoodGYM is a strong fit for learners who want interactive thought records that walk through identifying, testing, and reframing automatic thoughts.
People teams and HR groups rolling out structured psychological wellbeing programs
Unmind is built for employer-style learning journeys that use assessments to personalize program pathways for stress and resilience. The manager-facing resources in Unmind support team-level psychological safety routines in addition to participant activities.
Clinicians delivering CBT who need session planning and homework documentation
4Psych CBT focuses on clinician-facing screens that support CBT session planning tied to treatment stages and structured homework interventions. Its progress and symptom tracking supports longitudinal review of client change across CBT stages.
Clinicians, educators, and cognitive practitioners running repeated cognitive screening and training plans
CogniFit supports cognitive assessment tasks across domains like memory, attention, reasoning, and processing speed and then generates personalized brain training recommendations. Its automated scoring and progress views across repeated sessions reduce manual interpretation effort for domain-level change tracking.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Selection mistakes usually come from picking the wrong workflow depth for the intended cognitive use case or assuming all tools support the same level of assessment and instrumentation.
Buying CBT chat support when structured worksheet workflows are required
Woebot Health and Wysa excel at CBT-style conversational prompts with mood check-ins, but they rely on scripted pathways and limited visibility into assessment logic. MindShift CBT and MoodGYM provide more structured worksheet-style cognitive steps for thought reframing and coping planning through guided activities and interactive thought records.
Assuming workplace wellbeing journeys provide clinician-grade protocol configuration
Unmind is optimized for psychological wellbeing learning journeys and manager resources, but it provides limited depth for clinicians needing granular CBT protocol configuration. Clinicians needing treatment staging and homework documentation should use 4Psych CBT for guided session planning tied to CBT stages.
Selecting mindfulness content when quantitative cognitive measurement and repeated screening are the goal
Headspace focuses on guided mindfulness sessions, course tracks, daily reminders, and Sleepcasts rather than quantitative cognitive measurement or task-based training. For repeated cognitive screening with automated scoring and training recommendations, CogniFit aligns with cognitive domain assessments plus personalized training plans.
Expecting research-grade cognitive experimentation design from CBT practice tools
MindShift CBT, Wysa, and Woebot Health prioritize practical CBT practice through guided exercises and tracking rather than complex experimental workflows for cognitive research. CogniFit supports cognitive domain assessment and repeated progress reporting, which is the closer fit for cognitive-domain performance change tracking.
How We Selected and Ranked These Tools
we evaluated every tool on three sub-dimensions that reflect end-user outcomes: features with weight 0.4, ease of use with weight 0.3, and value with weight 0.3. the overall rating is the weighted average of those three dimensions computed as overall = 0.40 × features + 0.30 × ease of use + 0.30 × value. MindShift CBT separated from lower-ranked tools primarily on features and ease of use because its guided CBT thought-challenge and coping plan builder translates CBT homework into step-by-step interactions with tracking that supports repeating structured routines.
Frequently Asked Questions About Cognitive Psychology Software
Which cognitive psychology software is best for CBT worksheets and structured thought work without a clinician workflow?
MindShift CBT is built around CBT-style worksheets, guided thought-challenge routines, and coping plan building for self-guided practice. MoodGYM also supports structured thought record exercises with guided cognitive restructuring and progression tracking across modules.
Which tools deliver CBT skills through conversational chat prompts instead of browser lessons or clinician notes?
Woebot Health provides CBT-style conversations that combine mood check-ins with guided coping exercises and relapse-prevention prompts. Wysa uses chatbot-based workflows plus reflective check-ins and asynchronous journaling tied to emotion regulation and thought reframing practice.
What software fits organizations that want workplace learning journeys tied to stress and resilience behaviors?
Unmind focuses on employer-style psychological wellbeing learning journeys with assessments that map people to relevant activities. It includes manager resources and interventions aimed at stress, resilience, and mental health habits rather than standalone cognitive testing tasks.
Which solution is designed for clinicians who need CBT session planning, symptom tracking, and homework documentation?
4Psych CBT centers on clinician-facing digital case management with CBT session planning, symptom tracking, and homework-style interventions aligned to treatment stages. It functions as treatment delivery and progress monitoring documentation rather than research-grade cognitive instrumentation.
Which tools support cognitive assessment and repeatable brain training based on measurable cognitive domains?
CogniFit pairs structured cognitive assessment tasks with brain training exercises that map outcomes to domains like memory, attention, reasoning, and processing speed. It also generates personalized training plans and emphasizes progress across repeated sessions instead of raw test logs.
How do MindShift CBT and MoodGYM differ for practicing cognitive restructuring skills?
MindShift CBT emphasizes guided CBT thought-challenge and coping plan building tied to repeatable homework-style routines. MoodGYM uses interactive browser lessons that guide thought record completion for identifying, testing, and reframing automatic thoughts, then tracks completed modules.
Which software is the better fit for building attention and stress-regulation habits using guided practices?
Headspace prioritizes short mindfulness sessions, themed skill tracks, and a daily reminder loop for consistent practice. Its focus is cognitive habits coaching through attention and emotional self-management rather than CBT worksheets or cognitive assessment batteries.
Which platforms are strongest for between-session engagement that mixes journaling or ongoing prompts with skills practice?
Wysa supports asynchronous journaling and conversational prompts that keep users engaged between CBT-inspired workflows. Woebot Health maintains ongoing message flows with daily interactions that guide coping practice and relapse-prevention prompts.
What common workflow issues should be considered when choosing between cognitive training and CBT practice platforms?
CogniFit requires repeated administrations of cognitive tasks to generate domain results and training recommendations, which suits iterative screening and training schedules. MindShift CBT, MoodGYM, and Woebot Health focus on skill practice routines and thought work, so the workflow centers on completing exercises and tracking coping responses rather than producing scored cognitive domain metrics.
Conclusion
After evaluating 8 mental health psychology, MindShift CBT stands out as our overall top pick — it scored highest across our combined criteria of features, ease of use, and value, which is why it sits at #1 in the rankings above.
Use the comparison table and detailed reviews above to validate the fit against your own requirements before committing to a tool.
Tools reviewed
Referenced in the comparison table and product reviews above.
Keep exploring
Comparing two specific tools?
Software Alternatives
See head-to-head software comparisons with feature breakdowns, pricing, and our recommendation for each use case.
Explore software alternatives→In this category
Mental Health Psychology alternatives
See side-by-side comparisons of mental health psychology tools and pick the right one for your stack.
Compare mental health psychology tools→FOR SOFTWARE VENDORS
Not on this list? Let’s fix that.
Our best-of pages are how many teams discover and compare tools in this space. If you think your product belongs in this lineup, we’d like to hear from you—we’ll walk you through fit and what an editorial entry looks like.
Apply for a ListingWHAT THIS INCLUDES
Where buyers compare
Readers come to these pages to shortlist software—your product shows up in that moment, not in a random sidebar.
Editorial write-up
We describe your product in our own words and check the facts before anything goes live.
On-page brand presence
You appear in the roundup the same way as other tools we cover: name, positioning, and a clear next step for readers who want to learn more.
Kept up to date
We refresh lists on a regular rhythm so the category page stays useful as products and pricing change.