GITNUXSOFTWARE ADVICE
Digital MarketingTop 10 Best Affiliate Marketing Programs Software of 2026
Ranked picks of top affiliate marketing programs software, with tradeoffs for teams and comparisons of Impact, PartnerStack, ShareASale, and others.
How we ranked these tools
Core product claims cross-referenced against official documentation, changelogs, and independent technical reviews.
Analyzed video reviews and hundreds of written evaluations to capture real-world user experiences with each tool.
AI persona simulations modeled how different user types would experience each tool across common use cases and workflows.
Final rankings reviewed and approved by our editorial team with authority to override AI-generated scores based on domain expertise.
Score: Features 40% · Ease 30% · Value 30%
Gitnux may earn a commission through links on this page — this does not influence rankings. Editorial policy
Post Affiliate Pro is the safest pick for ops teams that need commission governance and configurable attribution across multiple offers, whereas Affise fits when you want network-grade, API-driven conversion flows and campaign automation with tighter offer governance.
Editor’s top 3 picks
Three quick recommendations before you dive into the full comparison below — each one leads on a different dimension.
Post Affiliate Pro
Rule-driven commission engine with granular overrides tied to tracked conversion events and partner payout status.
Built for fits when ops teams need commission governance and configurable attribution across multiple affiliate offers..
PartnerStack
Editor pickPartner approval and offer-level access controls let admins gate which partners can earn on each specific program.
Built for fits when marketing ops needs governed partner recruitment and standardized offer tracking across multiple programs..
Tapfiliate
Editor pickReward rules combine commission tier logic with event-based conversion attribution inside the admin workflow.
Built for fits when teams need affiliate program operations workflows with configurable rewards..
Related reading
Comparison Table
Post Affiliate Pro
SMBSelf-hosted and cloud affiliate tracking software with extensive commission structures and integrations.
Rule-driven commission engine with granular overrides tied to tracked conversion events and partner payout status.
Post Affiliate Pro focuses on end-to-end affiliate program operations, from referral link generation to commission calculation and payout status tracking. Conversion attribution is configurable through tracking link behavior and click-to-conversion mapping, which supports common CPS and CPA-style payout workflows. The admin area includes campaign configuration, approval and payout controls, and performance reporting views aimed at operational oversight rather than just analytics.
A practical tradeoff is that deeper integrations depend on implementing tracking redirects, feed-based offer imports, or webhook-style handoffs, which increases setup work. Post Affiliate Pro fits when affiliate recruitment and payout governance need a single operational control plane rather than a standalone reporting layer, especially for teams that manage multiple offers and commission tiers.
- +Commission rules cover tiered payouts and manual overrides
- +Affiliate dashboards provide operational reporting for partners
- +Tracking configuration supports click redirect and sub-parameter passthrough
- +Administration workflow supports approval and payout status management
- –Advanced setup for attribution requires disciplined configuration
- –Offer and campaign complexity can slow admin changes
- –Integration depth can require developer time for custom events
- –Multi-campaign reporting needs careful filtering practices
Affiliate program managers
Manage commission tiers and payout workflows
Fewer payout discrepancies
Performance marketing teams
Attribute conversions across partner channels
More consistent attribution
Show 2 more scenarios
Revenue operations teams
Control partner access and approvals
Tighter partner governance
Admins manage partner onboarding and operational gates alongside performance reporting.
Engineering teams
Integrate offers and conversion events
Lower manual reconciliation
Custom tracking and event handoff connect campaign delivery systems to conversion reporting.
Best for: Fits when ops teams need commission governance and configurable attribution across multiple affiliate offers.
More related reading
PartnerStack
SMBPartner marketing platform built for B2B SaaS companies to manage affiliates, resellers, and referral partners.
Partner approval and offer-level access controls let admins gate which partners can earn on each specific program.
PartnerStack is a good fit for organizations that run multiple affiliate offers with different commission tiers and eligibility rules. Program admins can set up partner recruitment flows, require application approval, and control which partners can access specific offers and assets. Reporting and tracking are built around conversion attribution from referral traffic through an affiliate dashboard experience for partners. The automation surface centers on program configuration, partner enablement, and operational workflows tied to referral and payout events.
A tradeoff appears for teams that need deeply customized tracking pipelines, since PartnerStack’s core workflow is built around its own click and conversion event model. It works best when the affiliate program needs standardized governance across regions, partner types, and payout rules without building a custom attribution stack. Usage becomes strongest when marketing ops wants consistent approvals and commission logic across several partner campaigns with shared reporting.
- +Strong program governance with partner approval and offer access controls
- +Good affiliate reporting for partners with consistent referral performance views
- +Operational workflows cover recruitment, enablement, and payout tracking
- +Extensible integration options for sending conversions into PartnerStack
- –Custom attribution logic beyond its event flow needs engineering work
- –Offer and commission configurations can require careful upfront mapping
- –Admin setup complexity rises with multi-offer, multi-region programs
- –Troubleshooting attribution issues may require tracking instrumentation knowledge
Revenue operations teams
Control partner eligibility across multiple offers
Fewer incorrect commissions
Affiliate program managers
Standardize tracking and reporting
Lower support overhead
Show 2 more scenarios
Partnerships teams
Recruit and onboard new partner accounts
Faster partner activation
Application and enablement workflows manage onboarding from request to active participation.
Engineering teams
Send conversion events from systems
More accurate payout decisions
Integration hooks support pushing conversion outcomes into PartnerStack for commission attribution.
Best for: Fits when marketing ops needs governed partner recruitment and standardized offer tracking across multiple programs.
Tapfiliate
SMBCloud-based affiliate tracking platform optimized for SaaS and subscription businesses.
Reward rules combine commission tier logic with event-based conversion attribution inside the admin workflow.
Tapfiliate provides a program workflow that starts with creating offer rules and generating referral links, then moves into ongoing affiliate onboarding and performance review. Reporting is organized around clicks, conversions, and payouts, which helps teams run attribution and commission reconciliation in one place. Configuration depth is strongest for commission tiers and approval steps that control which affiliates and actions qualify for rewards.
A concrete tradeoff is that advanced server-to-server tracking and custom postback integrations require more implementation work than tools that offer a larger set of native webhook or postback templates. Tapfiliate fits teams that want marketing and operations users to manage recruiting, link distribution, and commission policy without building a separate tracking layer.
- +Affiliate dashboard centralizes recruitment, approvals, and performance review
- +Configurable commission tiers reduce manual payout calculations
- +Reward rules align payouts to conversion events and attribution windows
- +Built-in fraud risk controls include blocking and review workflows
- –Some tracking setups need developer help for deeper event instrumentation
- –Complex multi-offer attribution can require careful rule ordering
- –Reporting granularity may lag specialized tracking systems
- –High-volume custom automation can outgrow basic workflow triggers
affiliate ops teams
Manage approvals and commission tiers
Fewer payout disputes
growth marketing teams
Run recruiting campaigns with affiliates
Faster partner onboarding
Show 2 more scenarios
revenue operations teams
Reconcile program payouts to events
Cleaner commission accounting
Teams review clicks and conversions to validate reward calculations per offer rules.
engineering teams
Instrument conversion events for attribution
More reliable conversions
Teams wire tracking events so Tapfiliate can assign rewards based on attribution rules.
Best for: Fits when teams need affiliate program operations workflows with configurable rewards.
More related reading
Refersion
SMBAffiliate marketing platform focused on e-commerce brands and Shopify merchants.
Refersion’s commission automation workflow engine ties partner actions to payout outcomes through configurable rules.
Refersion positions itself as an affiliate tracking and management system focused on performance marketing relationships and partner program operations. The core capabilities include affiliate dashboards for publishers, offer and campaign management for program admins, and conversion attribution designed to support multi-touch partner flows.
Refersion also provides automation for commission workflows and reporting outputs that align partner activity with payout-ready outcomes. Integration depth is a key differentiator, with an API surface and webhook-style event handling that supports custom data flows beyond a standard affiliate link and click-to-sale loop.
- +Affiliate dashboard supports high-volume partner activity tracking in one place
- +Admin tools include offer and commission configuration for repeatable partner programs
- +Automation reduces manual reconciliation between recorded conversions and payouts
- +API and event integrations support custom reporting and downstream systems
- –Commission edge cases require careful configuration to avoid payout mismatches
- –Deep integration work can be necessary for fully custom attribution logic
- –Program governance is harder when many partners need different rule sets
- –Operational visibility depends on how integrations map events and identifiers
Best for: Fits when affiliate teams need configurable commission automation plus API-driven integration to unify tracking and payouts.
Affise
enterpriseAffiliate marketing platform for networks and advertisers with real-time tracking and analytics.
Rule-based automation for affiliate assets and tracking flows that coordinates offers, partners, and conversion routing via API and postbacks.
Affise runs end-to-end affiliate tracking and reporting with configurable campaign flows, partner attribution, and payout-ready performance views. The product focuses on automation around tracking links, creatives, offers, and postback-based conversion ingestion for both simple and server-to-server style setups.
Admin workflows support partner management, commission structures, and operational controls for scaling multiple campaigns. Integration breadth is centered on API-driven event ingestion and conversion routing rather than only browser-based pixels.
- +API and webhooks cover conversion ingestion and reporting updates
- +Automation rules reduce manual link and offer configuration work
- +Offer and creative management supports multi-campaign operations
- +Postback handling supports conversion routing beyond basic pixel tracking
- –Setup depth can require developer time for correct event mapping
- –Governance controls can feel dense when managing many partner accounts
- –Dashboards demand careful configuration to match reporting expectations
- –Debugging attribution issues takes more iteration than simpler stacks
Best for: Fits when affiliate programs need API-driven conversion flows, offer governance, and automated campaign operations.
iDevAffiliate
SMBAffiliate tracking software offering self-hosted and cloud editions for small to mid-size programs.
Program admin configuration that ties offer rules to automated conversion-to-commission processing across partners.
iDevAffiliate targets affiliate program operators that need tighter control over tracking flows, payout logic, and recruitment workflows. The system centers on an affiliate dashboard for publishers, offer management for program admins, and configurable commission structures tied to conversion events.
Integration depth shows up through its automation hooks and exportable reporting surfaces that support operational workflows beyond manual reconciliation. Governance features focus on program-level configuration, role-restricted administration, and activity visibility for ongoing partner management.
- +Offer management workflows support day-to-day program changes without custom work
- +Admin controls cover commissions, terms, and partner status in one place
- +Affiliate dashboard keeps creators focused on link performance and earnings
- +Automation hooks reduce manual reconciliation between clicks and payouts
- –Tracking setup requires careful configuration to match each offer’s conversion rules
- –Complex commission tiers can create a steeper learning curve for new program managers
- –Reporting exports can lag behind operational needs for some optimization cycles
- –API workflows require more implementation effort than basic dashboard-only teams
Best for: Fits when a marketing team runs multiple offers and needs controlled commission logic with workflow automation.
More related reading
LeadDyno
SMBAffiliate and referral tracking software for SaaS and e-commerce businesses.
LeadDyno connects partner onboarding automation with conversion reporting, so partner status changes immediately reflect in attribution workflows.
LeadDyno pairs affiliate recruitment management with performance tracking in one workflow, which reduces handoffs between creator sourcing and attribution review. The system centers on link-level tracking that feeds an affiliate dashboard with conversion reporting for ROI-oriented campaign decisions.
Automation features cover onboarding flows and partner status changes, and the admin surface supports configuration for referral tracking and payout coordination. LeadDyno also exposes an API surface for connecting external offer systems and ingesting click and conversion events into downstream processes.
- +Affiliate recruitment and tracking share the same operational workflow
- +API enables event ingestion and custom reporting outside the affiliate dashboard
- +Link-level reporting supports fast diagnosis of underperforming partners
- +Automation reduces manual partner onboarding steps
- –Advanced configuration can require developer support for event integrations
- –Fraud controls are less granular than dedicated fraud-focused stacks
- –Offer management depth may lag CPA networks with complex program catalogs
- –Attribution troubleshooting can be time-consuming when multiple redirects exist
Best for: Fits when marketing teams need partner onboarding plus link-level attribution in one system, with API access for reporting.
OSI Affiliate Software
SMBAffiliate tracking software for small businesses with multi-level commission support.
Offer and payout structures can be configured and propagated across affiliate links and tracking rules through API-driven program administration.
OSI Affiliate Software is an affiliate marketing programs system focused on managing offers, creatives, and commission logic inside one admin. The core workflow centers on affiliate onboarding, tracking link generation, and reporting on attributed conversions.
Setup supports practical network operations such as link templates, sub-ID handling, and payout period organization. Extensibility options include an API surface for program administration and data exchange.
- +Offer and creative management is handled within the same admin
- +Sub-ID parameter support helps segment affiliate performance
- +Program administration can be automated through an affiliate API
- +Reporting covers clicks, conversions, and commission-impacting events
- –Tracking configuration can require engineering time for accurate attribution
- –Fraud screening coverage is limited compared with dedicated fraud suites
- –Role separation and governance controls are not granular enough for large enterprises
- –Deep integration into ad-tech stacks may need custom development
Best for: Fits when mid-market teams need an internal affiliate program admin with API-driven automation.
More related reading
ReferralCandy
SMBReferral and affiliate program software for e-commerce stores.
ReferralCandy’s referral page and coupon reward mechanics tie incentives to referred conversions without requiring separate offer-management tooling.
ReferralCandy generates and manages referral links, referral pages, and commission rules so ecommerce teams can track referrals end to end. It handles coupon and cash-style referral incentives, supports per-product or per-offer commission settings, and summarizes referral performance in an affiliate dashboard.
Admin workflows focus on approving and monitoring referred activity, sending payout-ready statements, and exporting performance data for reconciliation. ReferralCandy also connects to common ecommerce stacks so referral events can be captured reliably without building a custom tracking pipeline.
- +Turnkey referral link and landing page setup without custom redirect code
- +Clear incentive controls for coupon and credit rewards tied to referral activity
- +Works well with storefront event signals to attribute referred purchases
- +Exportable reports for reconciliation with existing finance or analytics
- –Affiliate recruitment and partner onboarding controls are limited versus dedicated networks
- –Automation coverage for complex commission schedules can be constrained
- –API and postback-style extensibility are narrower than full tracking platforms
- –Fraud controls are not as granular as enterprise affiliate fraud scrubbing tools
Best for: Fits when ecommerce teams need a referral program with clear incentives and reporting, not a full affiliate network.
Impact
enterpriseUnified partnership management platform covering affiliates, influencers, and strategic partners.
Advertiser-focused program configuration with offer management workflows tied directly to attribution reporting and partner activity views.
Impact is an affiliate marketing program management and tracking solution built for teams that need partner lifecycle controls plus reliable conversion measurement. Core modules cover offer setup, affiliate recruitment workflows, link and creative management, and reporting for attribution and payout reconciliation.
Impact also provides automation hooks through an API so events, offers, and program configuration can be synchronized with internal systems. For performance marketing use cases, Impact supports click redirect and postback-driven conversion updates to reduce the operational burden of manual reconciliation.
- +Strong partner program governance with configurable offers and controlled onboarding
- +Automation via API supports program and event synchronization with internal systems
- +Attribution reporting is structured for advertiser workflows across partners and campaigns
- +Conversion updates via postback reduce manual matching during payout reviews
- –Requires careful setup of tracking identifiers and redirect settings to avoid data gaps
- –Fraud and verification workflows depend on correct tagging discipline across links
- –Complex program configurations can slow down learning for new operations staff
- –Creative and link operations can become cumbersome at very high partner counts
Best for: Fits when mid-market to enterprise teams need program governance plus API-driven automation for affiliate operations.
Conclusion
After evaluating 10 digital marketing, Post Affiliate Pro stands out as our overall top pick — it scored highest across our combined criteria of features, ease of use, and value, which is why it sits at #1 in the rankings above.
Use the comparison table and detailed reviews above to validate the fit against your own requirements before committing to a tool.
How to Choose the Right affiliate marketing programs software
Affiliate marketing programs software centers on commission governance, partner attribution, and repeatable program operations across networks and tracking platforms. This guide covers Post Affiliate Pro, PartnerStack, and ShareASale-style workflows through ten named platforms, including Impact and Refersion, with attention to how each system handles offer access, commission rules, and conversion event routing.
The practical differentiators show up in admin controls, integration depth, and the automation surface that turns partner actions into payouts-ready outcomes. Post Affiliate Pro ranks highest for rule-driven commission handling tied to tracked conversion events and partner payout status, while PartnerStack emphasizes offer-level partner access controls.
Affiliate marketing programs software for governing offers, attribution, and commission automation across partners
Affiliate marketing programs software manages referral links, program rules, and conversion attribution so partners earn commissions based on tracked events and defined eligibility. These systems typically connect partner dashboards to advertiser offer management workflows so onboarding, approvals, and commission outcomes stay consistent across multiple campaigns.
Post Affiliate Pro uses a rule-driven commission engine with granular overrides tied to tracked conversion events and partner payout status, which makes governance a first-class workflow. PartnerStack focuses on partner approval and offer-level access controls so admins can gate which partners can earn on each specific program, while Refersion uses a commission automation workflow engine that ties partner actions to payout outcomes through configurable rules.
Commission governance, partner gating, and conversion routing controls
Affiliate marketing programs software has to convert partner actions into commission outcomes with predictable rules, not just reporting screens. The tools that score highest here connect offer eligibility, event attribution, and payout-ready commission decisions inside the same operational workflow.
Rule-driven commission engines tied to conversion outcomes
Post Affiliate Pro uses a rule-driven commission engine with granular overrides tied to tracked conversion events and partner payout status. Refersion and Tapfiliate also tie commission automation to event-based conversion attribution, but they rely on configurable workflows rather than Post Affiliate Pro’s payout-status aware overrides.
Offer-level partner approval and access controls
PartnerStack provides partner approval and offer-level access controls so admins can gate which partners can earn on each specific program. Post Affiliate Pro supports governance through commission rules and operational workflows, while Tapfiliate centers governance through reward rules inside its admin workflow.
Event flow extensibility through API, webhooks, or server-side ingestion
Affise covers conversion ingestion and reporting updates through API and webhooks, then routes those updates via automation rules and postbacks. Refersion and Refersion-focused stacks like Post Affiliate Pro also support integration depth, while OSI Affiliate Software and Impact emphasize API-driven program administration.
Operational attribution safeguards for multi-offer complexity
Post Affiliate Pro’s commission governance helps control edge cases when multiple offers and tracked outcomes collide. PartnerStack and Tapfiliate both require careful upfront mapping for complex multi-offer attribution, which shows up in their cons around event logic and rule ordering.
Partner operations workflows that align recruitment with tracking and onboarding
LeadDyno connects partner onboarding automation with conversion reporting so partner status changes immediately reflect in attribution workflows. Tapfiliate and Refersion also centralize partner recruitment and performance review into a single affiliate dashboard workflow.
Choose by governance depth, attribution control, and automation surface
The best match depends on where the operations team wants control. Some teams need commission governance that can override decisions based on payout eligibility and event outcomes, while others need tight program governance that restricts partner access per offer.
Map the decision authority to commission rules and payout outcomes
If commission decisions must override based on tracked conversion events and partner payout status, Post Affiliate Pro is built around that rule-driven commission governance. If commission automation should follow configurable rules that tie partner actions to payout outcomes, Refersion and Tapfiliate align more closely to workflow-driven commission automation.
Pick partner gating granularity based on offer-by-offer eligibility
If program admins must approve partners and restrict earning access per specific program, PartnerStack’s offer-level access controls reduce operational risk. If admins prefer to manage eligibility via commission rules and program administration workflows, Post Affiliate Pro and iDevAffiliate bundle controls into a single commission and offer rule administration experience.
Decide whether attribution depth requires developer work
If attribution needs go beyond an event flow, PartnerStack flags that custom attribution logic beyond its event flow needs engineering work. If deeper event instrumentation is required, Tapfiliate notes that some tracking setups need developer help for deeper event instrumentation.
Align automation to the integration pattern used by internal systems
If conversion ingestion and reporting updates must be driven via API and webhooks, Affise provides an automation path that coordinates offers, partners, and conversion routing. If internal teams rely on offer and commission synchronization through API and program automation, Impact and OSI Affiliate Software emphasize API-driven program administration.
Account for multi-offer rule ordering and governance overhead
If multi-offer attribution requires careful rule ordering, Tapfiliate’s cons highlight the need for disciplined configuration across offers. If offer and campaign complexity is expected to change frequently, Post Affiliate Pro warns that offer and campaign complexity can slow admin changes due to attribution governance depth.
Match partner onboarding workflows to attribution readiness
If partner onboarding status changes must immediately affect attribution and reporting, LeadDyno ties recruitment and tracking share the same operational workflow. If the program focuses on day-to-day offer rule changes handled by program managers, iDevAffiliate emphasizes offer management workflows that support program changes without custom work.
Teams that should prioritize governance, automation, and integration control
Affiliate marketing programs software fits teams that run recurring campaigns with multiple offers and partners, where commission outcomes must be controlled and auditable in operations. The strongest fit depends on whether approvals, commission logic, and event routing are part of the same workflow or split across systems.
Marketing operations teams managing multiple affiliate offers with commission edge cases
Post Affiliate Pro is built for granular commission governance tied to tracked conversion events and partner payout status, which helps when commission edge cases appear across offers.
Performance marketing teams that need offer-by-offer partner approval and access gating
PartnerStack provides partner approval and offer-level access controls so admins can gate which partners can earn on each specific program.
Growth and engineering teams integrating conversion events across internal systems
Affise pairs API and webhooks for conversion ingestion and reporting updates with automation rules that coordinate conversion routing through offers and partners.
Program managers who want to change offers and commission logic without custom development
iDevAffiliate centers offer management workflows so day-to-day program changes can happen without custom work, with admin controls for commissions, terms, and partner status.
Ecommerce and referral teams that focus on incentives over full network governance
ReferralCandy focuses on referral pages and coupon reward mechanics tied to referred conversions, while it limits affiliate recruitment and partner onboarding controls compared with dedicated networks.
Common ways affiliate governance fails in setup and operations
Mistakes usually come from mismatching rule complexity to team configuration capacity or from under-planning event instrumentation needed for attribution logic. The failures show up as payout mismatches, attribution gaps, and delayed partner eligibility changes.
Treating commission rule configuration as a one-time setup for multi-offer programs
Post Affiliate Pro warns that offer and campaign complexity can slow admin changes, so rule updates need a change process. Tapfiliate also flags that complex multi-offer attribution requires careful rule ordering.
Assuming attribution logic will work the same way across custom partner event sources
PartnerStack notes that custom attribution logic beyond its event flow needs engineering work, which can break assumptions during onboarding. Tapfiliate notes some tracking setups need developer help for deeper event instrumentation, so event mapping must be planned early.
Skipping offer and tracking identifier discipline when redirect and tagging carry attribution
Impact warns that tracking identifiers and redirect settings must be configured carefully to avoid data gaps. OSI Affiliate Software also flags that tracking configuration can require engineering time for accurate attribution.
Overloading governance without aligning partner onboarding timing to attribution readiness
LeadDyno is designed so partner status changes reflect immediately in attribution workflows, so delay-prone onboarding processes can waste that benefit. PartnerStack’s offer-level access controls also require correct partner approval workflows to prevent partners from earning on unintended offers.
How We Selected and Ranked These Tools
We evaluated Post Affiliate Pro, PartnerStack, and the other listed platforms against features and operations fit for affiliate marketing programs software. Features accounted for 40% of the scoring because commission governance rules, offer access controls, and API and automation coverage determine whether programs run repeatably.
Ease and value each accounted for 30% because rule setup effort and admin workflow overhead directly affect governance throughput. Post Affiliate Pro earned the top rank because its rule-driven commission engine supports granular overrides tied to tracked conversion events and partner payout status, which creates tighter control over commission outcomes than the other options described.
Frequently Asked Questions About affiliate marketing programs software
How do Impact and Affise handle click-to-conversion reporting when conversion delivery is delayed?
Which tools expose an affiliate API for automating program and event workflows?
What breaks if sub-ID attribution is inconsistent across referral links and conversions?
When should PartnerStack be chosen for partner governance instead of Tapfiliate?
How does ShareASale-like tracking compare to Impact and iDevAffiliate when multiple touchpoints exist?
Which system is better for server-to-server style conversion ingestion: Affise or Impact?
What security and administrative controls matter most for RBAC and audit visibility?
How do Refersion and LeadDyno differ in connecting partner lifecycle changes to attribution workflows?
What data migration steps are typically required when replacing an existing tracking platform with Impact or PartnerStack?
Tools reviewed
Primary sources checked during evaluation.
Referenced in the comparison table and product reviews above.
Keep exploring
Comparing two specific tools?
Software Alternatives
See head-to-head software comparisons with feature breakdowns, pricing, and our recommendation for each use case.
Explore software alternatives→In this category
Digital Marketing alternatives
See side-by-side comparisons of digital marketing tools and pick the right one for your stack.
Compare digital marketing tools→