GITNUXREPORT 2026

Pretrial Detention Statistics

Pretrial detention holds hundreds of thousands of people who are not yet convicted of a crime.

Min-ji Park

Research Analyst focused on sustainability and consumer trends.

First published: Feb 13, 2026

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Statistic 1

U.S. pretrial detention costs taxpayers $14 billion annually.

Statistic 2

Average daily cost per pretrial detainee: $150-$200 nationwide.

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Bail industry generates $2 billion yearly from pretrial practices.

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New Jersey reforms saved $47 million in jail costs since 2017.

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Harris County risk assessment reduced pretrial costs by 25%.

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Federal pretrial services save $1,000 per defendant supervised.

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Cook County eliminated cash bail, cutting costs by $75 million/year.

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Pretrial diversion programs cost $5,000 vs. $30,000 for detention.

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California Prop 47 reforms lowered pretrial jail spending 20%.

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Electronic monitoring costs $10/day vs. $100 jail pretrial.

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Kentucky pretrial reform saved $20 million annually.

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National ROI on pretrial supervision: $4 saved per $1 spent.

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Philadelphia citation program reduced pretrial costs by 40%.

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D.C. pretrial agency handles 15,000 cases/year at $25/day avg.

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Reforms in 30 states cut pretrial populations 15-30% since 2015.

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Black individuals are 3.5 times more likely to be detained pretrial than whites.

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In 2020, 51% of pretrial detainees were Black, despite being 13% of population.

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Women comprise 15% of pretrial detainees, with higher rates for drug offenses.

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25% of pretrial detainees are aged 18-24, the youngest cohort.

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Hispanic pretrial detainees make up 28% of jail populations in border states.

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Veterans represent 10% of pretrial detainees in urban areas.

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60% of pretrial detainees have mental health issues, per screening data.

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Low-income pretrial detainees (under $20k) are 80% of total.

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Native Americans are detained pretrial at 4x the rate of whites in some states.

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40% of pretrial female detainees have children under 18.

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Pretrial detainees with GED or less education: 70%.

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In Philadelphia, 62% of pretrial detainees are Black males aged 18-35.

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LGBTQ+ individuals face 2x pretrial detention risk.

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Unemployed pretrial detainees: 55% at time of arrest.

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Elderly (over 55) pretrial detainees rose 30% since 2010.

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In Miami-Dade, 35% of pretrial are immigrants or non-citizens.

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Substance use disorder affects 65% of pretrial population.

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Disabled pretrial detainees (physical/mental): 20%.

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Average pretrial detention length in U.S. jails: 25 days in 2021.

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Federal pretrial detention averages 90 days, up 10% from 2019.

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In New Jersey post-reform, median pretrial detention dropped to 10 days.

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30% of pretrial detainees held over 1 month in urban jails.

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Average wait for misdemeanor pretrial hearing: 15 days nationally.

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In California, pretrial detention for felonies averages 45 days.

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20% of pretrial detainees held over 3 months, risking case dismissal.

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Pandemic reduced average pretrial stay by 40% to 18 days in 2020.

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In Texas counties, pretrial detention exceeds 60 days for 25%.

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Federal cases: 15% pretrial detention over 6 months.

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Rural areas see average pretrial detention of 35 days vs. 20 urban.

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Post-arraignment detention averages 22 days nationally.

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In Florida, 40% pretrial detainees held 1-2 weeks.

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Median pretrial detention for drug charges: 28 days.

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Speedy trial violations occur in 10% of cases over 90 days pretrial.

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Illinois pretrial average: 19 days after 2021 reform.

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Average pretrial detention length nationwide: 23 days in 2022.

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In Los Angeles, 35% of pretrial detainees held over 30 days.

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Federal pretrial detention for violent offenses averages 120 days.

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Misdemeanor pretrial stays average 12 days in reformed jurisdictions.

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Broward County, FL: Average pretrial 18 days post-algorithm use.

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25% of U.S. pretrial detainees held 2-4 weeks.

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Oregon pretrial average dropped to 14 days after HB 2355.

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In jails, felony pretrial detention lasts 40 days median.

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Pretrial detention over 90 days in 12% of cases nationally.

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Washington D.C. pretrial release averages 7 days to hearing.

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Pretrial detention triples conviction likelihood.

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Detained pretrial receive 2x longer sentences than released peers.

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25% job loss among pretrial detainees upon release.

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Pretrial detention linked to 40% higher recidivism within 1 year.

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Families of pretrial detainees face $1,200 average bail costs.

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Mental health deteriorates in 50% of pretrial detainees.

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Pretrial incarceration costs individuals $15,000 in lost wages annually.

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30% of pretrial detainees lose housing upon release.

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Child welfare involvement rises 20% for detained parents pretrial.

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Pretrial detention increases suicide risk by 3x in first year post-release.

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60% of pretrial detainees report family separation trauma.

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Health outcomes worsen: 15% untreated conditions pretrial.

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Pretrial detention correlates with 50% higher plea bargain rates.

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Community ties weaken: 35% lose primary relationships.

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Pretrial release reduces rearrest by 17%.

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In 2021, approximately 429,000 people were held in pretrial detention in local jails across the United States, representing 71% of the total jail population.

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Pretrial detainees made up 64% of the jail population in 2019, down slightly from previous years due to pandemic-related releases.

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As of 2022, over 500,000 individuals were detained pretrial nationwide, with significant variation by jurisdiction.

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In New York City, pretrial detention rates dropped 40% after bail reform in 2020, from 5,000 to 3,000 daily.

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Federal pretrial detention rose 15% from 2018 to 2022, affecting 13,000 people daily.

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82% of pretrial detainees in Los Angeles County in 2021 were held for non-violent offenses.

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Pretrial population in state jails increased by 20% in rural counties from 2010-2020.

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In 2020, 45% of Black Americans in jails were pretrial compared to 35% of whites.

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Pretrial detention accounts for 95% of the growth in U.S. jail populations since 1970.

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Daily pretrial jail census reached 460,000 in 2018 before COVID declines.

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In Harris County, TX, pretrial detainees comprised 85% of jail population in 2022.

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National pretrial detention rate is 150 per 100,000 adults as of 2021.

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70% of people in jail pretrial have incomes below $10,000 annually.

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Pretrial holds contribute to 40% overcrowding in urban jails.

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In 2019, 1 in 5 pretrial detainees were held for misdemeanor charges.

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Pretrial detention rates vary by state: 80% in Louisiana vs. 50% in New Jersey.

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Federal courts detain 32% of defendants pretrial under the Bail Reform Act.

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In Cook County, IL, pretrial population fell 25% post-reform to 4,500 in 2022.

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90% of pretrial detainees cannot post bail over $5,000.

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Pretrial jail population in California averaged 38,000 in 2021.

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Every day in America, nearly half a million people wake up in jail cells who have not been convicted of a crime, revealing a justice system where freedom before trial is often determined by wealth, race, and zip code.

Key Takeaways

In 2021, approximately 429,000 people were held in pretrial detention in local jails across the United States, representing 71% of the total jail population.
Pretrial detainees made up 64% of the jail population in 2019, down slightly from previous years due to pandemic-related releases.
As of 2022, over 500,000 individuals were detained pretrial nationwide, with significant variation by jurisdiction.
Black individuals are 3.5 times more likely to be detained pretrial than whites.
In 2020, 51% of pretrial detainees were Black, despite being 13% of population.
Women comprise 15% of pretrial detainees, with higher rates for drug offenses.
Average pretrial detention length in U.S. jails: 25 days in 2021.
Federal pretrial detention averages 90 days, up 10% from 2019.
In New Jersey post-reform, median pretrial detention dropped to 10 days.
Pretrial detention triples conviction likelihood.
Detained pretrial receive 2x longer sentences than released peers.
25% job loss among pretrial detainees upon release.
U.S. pretrial detention costs taxpayers $14 billion annually.
Average daily cost per pretrial detainee: $150-$200 nationwide.
Bail industry generates $2 billion yearly from pretrial practices.

Pretrial detention holds hundreds of thousands of people who are not yet convicted of a crime.

Costs and Reforms

U.S. pretrial detention costs taxpayers $14 billion annually.
Average daily cost per pretrial detainee: $150-$200 nationwide.
Bail industry generates $2 billion yearly from pretrial practices.
New Jersey reforms saved $47 million in jail costs since 2017.
Harris County risk assessment reduced pretrial costs by 25%.
Federal pretrial services save $1,000 per defendant supervised.
Cook County eliminated cash bail, cutting costs by $75 million/year.
Pretrial diversion programs cost $5,000 vs. $30,000 for detention.
California Prop 47 reforms lowered pretrial jail spending 20%.
Electronic monitoring costs $10/day vs. $100 jail pretrial.
Kentucky pretrial reform saved $20 million annually.
National ROI on pretrial supervision: $4 saved per $1 spent.
Philadelphia citation program reduced pretrial costs by 40%.
D.C. pretrial agency handles 15,000 cases/year at $25/day avg.
Reforms in 30 states cut pretrial populations 15-30% since 2015.

Costs and Reforms Interpretation

The stark arithmetic of reform reveals that our current system of locking people up before trial is a multi-billion dollar folly, where we pay a premium for punishment when cheaper, smarter alternatives like supervision and diversion consistently prove to be both more humane and financially prudent.

Demographics

Black individuals are 3.5 times more likely to be detained pretrial than whites.
In 2020, 51% of pretrial detainees were Black, despite being 13% of population.
Women comprise 15% of pretrial detainees, with higher rates for drug offenses.
25% of pretrial detainees are aged 18-24, the youngest cohort.
Hispanic pretrial detainees make up 28% of jail populations in border states.
Veterans represent 10% of pretrial detainees in urban areas.
60% of pretrial detainees have mental health issues, per screening data.
Low-income pretrial detainees (under $20k) are 80% of total.
Native Americans are detained pretrial at 4x the rate of whites in some states.
40% of pretrial female detainees have children under 18.
Pretrial detainees with GED or less education: 70%.
In Philadelphia, 62% of pretrial detainees are Black males aged 18-35.
LGBTQ+ individuals face 2x pretrial detention risk.
Unemployed pretrial detainees: 55% at time of arrest.
Elderly (over 55) pretrial detainees rose 30% since 2010.
In Miami-Dade, 35% of pretrial are immigrants or non-citizens.
Substance use disorder affects 65% of pretrial population.
Disabled pretrial detainees (physical/mental): 20%.

Demographics Interpretation

This stark collage of data paints a portrait of a system that disproportionately ensnares the poor, the young, the mentally ill, and people of color, functioning less as a measure of justice and more as an engine of inequality.

Duration of Detention

Average pretrial detention length in U.S. jails: 25 days in 2021.
Federal pretrial detention averages 90 days, up 10% from 2019.
In New Jersey post-reform, median pretrial detention dropped to 10 days.
30% of pretrial detainees held over 1 month in urban jails.
Average wait for misdemeanor pretrial hearing: 15 days nationally.
In California, pretrial detention for felonies averages 45 days.
20% of pretrial detainees held over 3 months, risking case dismissal.
Pandemic reduced average pretrial stay by 40% to 18 days in 2020.
In Texas counties, pretrial detention exceeds 60 days for 25%.
Federal cases: 15% pretrial detention over 6 months.
Rural areas see average pretrial detention of 35 days vs. 20 urban.
Post-arraignment detention averages 22 days nationally.
In Florida, 40% pretrial detainees held 1-2 weeks.
Median pretrial detention for drug charges: 28 days.
Speedy trial violations occur in 10% of cases over 90 days pretrial.
Illinois pretrial average: 19 days after 2021 reform.
Average pretrial detention length nationwide: 23 days in 2022.
In Los Angeles, 35% of pretrial detainees held over 30 days.
Federal pretrial detention for violent offenses averages 120 days.
Misdemeanor pretrial stays average 12 days in reformed jurisdictions.
Broward County, FL: Average pretrial 18 days post-algorithm use.
25% of U.S. pretrial detainees held 2-4 weeks.
Oregon pretrial average dropped to 14 days after HB 2355.
In jails, felony pretrial detention lasts 40 days median.
Pretrial detention over 90 days in 12% of cases nationally.
Washington D.C. pretrial release averages 7 days to hearing.

Duration of Detention Interpretation

This data paints a stark, inconsistent picture of American justice where the speed of your freedom depends more on your zip code and charge than on the presumption of innocence.

Impacts and Consequences

Pretrial detention triples conviction likelihood.
Detained pretrial receive 2x longer sentences than released peers.
25% job loss among pretrial detainees upon release.
Pretrial detention linked to 40% higher recidivism within 1 year.
Families of pretrial detainees face $1,200 average bail costs.
Mental health deteriorates in 50% of pretrial detainees.
Pretrial incarceration costs individuals $15,000 in lost wages annually.
30% of pretrial detainees lose housing upon release.
Child welfare involvement rises 20% for detained parents pretrial.
Pretrial detention increases suicide risk by 3x in first year post-release.
60% of pretrial detainees report family separation trauma.
Health outcomes worsen: 15% untreated conditions pretrial.
Pretrial detention correlates with 50% higher plea bargain rates.
Community ties weaken: 35% lose primary relationships.
Pretrial release reduces rearrest by 17%.

Impacts and Consequences Interpretation

The system’s presumption of innocence is a cruel fiction when a pretrial holding cell is a factory that manufactures guilt, fractures families, destroys health, and impoverishes futures for those merely accused.

Rates and Prevalence

In 2021, approximately 429,000 people were held in pretrial detention in local jails across the United States, representing 71% of the total jail population.
Pretrial detainees made up 64% of the jail population in 2019, down slightly from previous years due to pandemic-related releases.
As of 2022, over 500,000 individuals were detained pretrial nationwide, with significant variation by jurisdiction.
In New York City, pretrial detention rates dropped 40% after bail reform in 2020, from 5,000 to 3,000 daily.
Federal pretrial detention rose 15% from 2018 to 2022, affecting 13,000 people daily.
82% of pretrial detainees in Los Angeles County in 2021 were held for non-violent offenses.
Pretrial population in state jails increased by 20% in rural counties from 2010-2020.
In 2020, 45% of Black Americans in jails were pretrial compared to 35% of whites.
Pretrial detention accounts for 95% of the growth in U.S. jail populations since 1970.
Daily pretrial jail census reached 460,000 in 2018 before COVID declines.
In Harris County, TX, pretrial detainees comprised 85% of jail population in 2022.
National pretrial detention rate is 150 per 100,000 adults as of 2021.
70% of people in jail pretrial have incomes below $10,000 annually.
Pretrial holds contribute to 40% overcrowding in urban jails.
In 2019, 1 in 5 pretrial detainees were held for misdemeanor charges.
Pretrial detention rates vary by state: 80% in Louisiana vs. 50% in New Jersey.
Federal courts detain 32% of defendants pretrial under the Bail Reform Act.
In Cook County, IL, pretrial population fell 25% post-reform to 4,500 in 2022.
90% of pretrial detainees cannot post bail over $5,000.
Pretrial jail population in California averaged 38,000 in 2021.

Rates and Prevalence Interpretation

Our nation’s presumption of innocence is being held hostage by a system where nearly three-quarters of a jail cell block is filled not by the convicted, but by those awaiting trial, revealing a justice system that is less about justice and more about who can afford to buy their freedom.

Sources & References

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