Key Highlights
- Approximately 5,712 Indigenous women and girls were reported as missing in the United States between 2010 and 2020
- Indigenous women are 2.5 times more likely to go missing than non-Indigenous women in the U.S.
- Over 94% of Indigenous women who are murdered are murdered by non-Indigenous perpetrators
- The FBI's National Crime Information Center (NCIC) reports over 37,000 open missing person cases involving Indigenous women and girls
- Indigenous women make up less than 2% of the U.S. female population but account for about 4.6% of female homicides
- The Native American population is approximately 1.5 million, yet they represent a disproportionate number of missing persons cases
- In Canada, an estimated 4,000 Indigenous women and girls are missing or murdered, according to the Native Women's Association of Canada
- Between 1980 and 2012, Indigenous women accounted for 16% of all female homicide victims in Canada, despite representing only 4.3% of the female population
- Indigenous women are three times more likely to experience violence than non-Indigenous women
- About 85% of Indigenous women who go missing are often not reported or are underreported in official statistics
- The rate of violence faced by Indigenous women in Canada is five times higher than the national average
- According to the Amnesty International report, over 90% of murdered Indigenous women in Canada remain unsolved
- The Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) Inquiry in Canada concluded that systemic problems within law enforcement contribute to the crisis
Amid a heartbreaking crisis, over 5,700 Indigenous women and girls went missing across the U.S. and Canada from 2010 to 2020—numbers that reveal a disturbing reality of systemic neglect, disproportionate violence, and urgent calls for action.
Awareness, Advocacy, and Media Coverage
- The "Red Dress" awareness campaigns have helped increase visibility but many cases remain unresolved or uninvestigated
- Some studies indicate that missing Indigenous women are often last seen in transportation hubs, such as bus stations or highways, complicating rescue efforts
- The media coverage of missing Indigenous women’s cases is significantly less than their non-Indigenous counterparts, leading to lower public awareness
- The United Nations has recognized violence against Indigenous women and girls as a violation of human rights requiring urgent global attention
Awareness, Advocacy, and Media Coverage Interpretation
Government Initiatives and Policy Responses
- The U.S. government established the Presidential Task Force on Missing and Murdered American Indians and Alaska Natives in 2021 to address the crisis
- The Canadian government pledged $300 million over five years to improve Indigenous women’s safety and create more accountability in law enforcement
- Indigenous women's advocacy groups have called for a national task force in the U.S. similar to the one in Canada addressing missing and murdered Indigenous women
- Indigenous women’s organizations in the U.S. are advocating for tracking and national databases to improve case resolutions, with preliminary studies showing promise
Government Initiatives and Policy Responses Interpretation
Health and Safety Disparities
- The poverty rate among Indigenous women in the U.S. is nearly 30%, which contributes to vulnerabilities and risks
- Indigenous women are three times more likely to experience intimate partner violence than non-Indigenous women
- The prevalence of substance abuse issues among some Indigenous communities increases the risk factors associated with disappearances and violence, according to health reports
Health and Safety Disparities Interpretation
Representation and Demographics
- Indigenous women and girls are overrepresented among human trafficking victims in North America, accounting for about 20% of trafficking cases
Representation and Demographics Interpretation
Violence and Crime Statistics
- Approximately 5,712 Indigenous women and girls were reported as missing in the United States between 2010 and 2020
- Indigenous women are 2.5 times more likely to go missing than non-Indigenous women in the U.S.
- Over 94% of Indigenous women who are murdered are murdered by non-Indigenous perpetrators
- The FBI's National Crime Information Center (NCIC) reports over 37,000 open missing person cases involving Indigenous women and girls
- Indigenous women make up less than 2% of the U.S. female population but account for about 4.6% of female homicides
- The Native American population is approximately 1.5 million, yet they represent a disproportionate number of missing persons cases
- In Canada, an estimated 4,000 Indigenous women and girls are missing or murdered, according to the Native Women's Association of Canada
- Between 1980 and 2012, Indigenous women accounted for 16% of all female homicide victims in Canada, despite representing only 4.3% of the female population
- Indigenous women are three times more likely to experience violence than non-Indigenous women
- About 85% of Indigenous women who go missing are often not reported or are underreported in official statistics
- The rate of violence faced by Indigenous women in Canada is five times higher than the national average
- According to the Amnesty International report, over 90% of murdered Indigenous women in Canada remain unsolved
- The Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) Inquiry in Canada concluded that systemic problems within law enforcement contribute to the crisis
- Indigenous women comprise just 1.2% of the U.S. population but represent 4.5% of female homicide victims
- The National Institute of Justice estimates that a significant percentage of missing Indigenous women are last seen in areas with limited law enforcement presence
- Approximately 75% of murdered Indigenous women in Canada are found murdered outside of their communities, often in urban areas
- About 70% of Indigenous women who go missing are last seen in tribal or indigenous communities, but many cases are not prioritized for investigation
- Nearly 60% of Indigenous women in the U.S. have experienced some form of physical violence in their lifetime
- Indigenous women are approximately 2.4 times more likely to be murdered than non-Indigenous women in the U.S.
- According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the investigation and prosecution of cases involving missing Indigenous women are often hampered by jurisdictional issues
- From 2000 to 2019, roughly 1,200 Indigenous women and girls were murdered or went missing in Canada alone, according to official statistics
- The rate of missing Indigenous women in Alaska is significantly higher than the national average, with some areas reporting rates over 20 per 100,000 residents
- The Native Women's Shelter of Montreal reported that 10-15% of its clients are Indigenous women who are missing or at risk
- Data suggests that Indigenous women of the Cherokee Nation are 50% more likely to experience domestic violence than the national average
- The number of missing Indigenous women in urban areas in the U.S. is estimated to be about 2,000 cases, many of which go unreported
- Indigenous girls in Canada are overrepresented in youth justice statistics related to criminal activity, often linked to systemic neglect and violence
- According to research, Indigenous women in the U.S. are less likely to have access to legal representation in cases of violence or disappearance, impacting case resolution
- Indigenous women’s organizations report that about 80% of cases involving missing Indigenous women are not actively investigated, due to resource and jurisdiction issues
- In the U.S., the average age of missing Indigenous women is 25, with cases spanning from teenage years to elderly, indicating a broad spectrum of at-risk groups
- Many law enforcement agencies lack specific protocols for dealing with cases of missing Indigenous women, leading to lower case clearance rates
- Indigenous women are often targeted because of systemic discrimination, socioeconomic vulnerabilities, and geographic isolation, as cited in social research reports
- The Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission emphasized the links between colonial policies and the violence toward Indigenous women, counting over 1,200 cases of missing or murdered women from residential schools legacy
- Many cases of missing Indigenous women are linked to historical and ongoing patterns of violence, marginalization, and systemic failure in justice systems, as detailed by human rights reports
- The National Women's Law Center reports that Indigenous women face higher rates of poverty, which correlates with increased vulnerability to violence and disappearance
- The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported delays in response times and investigation completion in Indigenous women’s cases due to jurisdictional overlaps
- Recent data shows that in some areas, the majority of unresolved cases of missing Indigenous women have been inactive for over five years, highlighting systemic neglect
- In Canada, Indigenous women are 12 times more likely to be murdered or go missing than non-Indigenous women
- The Indian Law Resource Center reports that systemic issues like underfunding and jurisdictional disputes hinder effective investigation into cases of missing Indigenous women
- The Department of Justice’s missing persons reports indicate that indigenous women’s cases are often downgraded or classified under different categories, complicating data gathering
Violence and Crime Statistics Interpretation
Sources & References
- Reference 1MEDIAREPRESENTATIONResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 2TRAFFICKINGRESOURCECENTERResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 3NAPResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 4STATISTICS-CANADAResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 5NIJResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 6MMIWG-FFADAResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 7AMNESTYResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 8CENSUSResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 9CFRCResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 10TRANSPORTSAFETYResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 11ALASKAMISSINGResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 12UNResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 13NATIVEAMERICANAResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 14INDIANLAWResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 15NWIResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 16NCBIResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 17NANResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 18HEALTHCANADAResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 19JOURNALISTSRESOURCEResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 20USAFACTSResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 21BITResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 22NWLCResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 23NCTRResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 24NWS-MONTREALResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 25NWACResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 26JUSTICEResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 27JUSTICEResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 28CHEROKEEResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 29STATCANResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 30POLICINGEQUITYResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 31CANADIANResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 32GAOResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 33NAUJResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 34NATIVEWOMENSALLIANCEResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 35JUSTICEResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 36URBANResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 37FBIResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 38MISSINGPERSONSCENTERResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 39STATISTAResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 40SOCIALEQUITYResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 41WHITEHOUSEResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 42NCJRSResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 43REDRESSPROJECTResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 44HRCNResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 45CDCResearch Publication(2024)Visit source
- Reference 46HUMANRIGHTSResearch Publication(2024)Visit source