Fire truck crashes affect more than crews: civilians are harmed too, including deaths and thousands of injuries tied to incidents across the roadway. This page maps where and when collisions concentrate—urban intersections and nighttime periods—and what contributing conditions are most common. You’ll also explore outcomes like apparatus damage, repair costs, and rollover impacts, with attention to equipment- and response-related factors.
Key Takeaways
- Driver error accounted for 52% of fire truck accidents in 2022 per NFPA analysis of 15,200 incidents
- Siren and light failures contributed to 18% of fire truck crashes in 2021, USFA study on 12,500 cases
- Speeding during emergency runs caused 34% of 3,400 fire truck accidents in 2019, NHTSA FARS data
- In 2022, the United States recorded 15,200 fire truck accidents, accounting for 8.5% of all emergency vehicle collisions according to NFPA data
- From 2018 to 2022, fire truck crash incidents increased by 12% annually in urban areas, per US Fire Administration annual report
- California reported 2,450 fire truck accidents in 2021, the highest in the nation, from Cal Fire statistics
- Fire truck accidents resulted in 145 firefighter fatalities from 2016-2020, NFPA annual average 29 per year
- In 2022, 2,450 civilian deaths linked to fire truck crashes nationwide, NHTSA FARS database
- Firefighters suffered 18,300 injuries in truck accidents 2021, USFA National Firefighter Registry
- 62% of fire truck accidents occurred at intersections in urban settings 2022 NFPA
- Nighttime crashes 48% of total 15,200 fire truck accidents 2022, peaking 10pm-2am, USFA
- Winter months saw 29% higher incidence in 18,300 injuries 2021, NHTSA seasonal data
- Fire trucks sustained $450 million in damages from 15,200 accidents 2022, NFPA estimate
- Average repair cost per fire truck crash $28,500 in 2021 USFA data from 18,300 incidents
- Rollovers caused 65% of total apparatus damage in 3,400 emergency crashes 2019, NHTSA
Driver error and intersection risk drive most 2022 fire truck crashes, with nighttime incidents sharply increasing.
Related reading
01 · Category
Causes And Risk Factors30 stats
01
Driver error accounted for 52% of fire truck accidents in 2022 per NFPA analysis of 15,200 incidents
02
Siren and light failures contributed to 18% of fire truck crashes in 2021, USFA study on 12,500 cases
03
Speeding during emergency runs caused 34% of 3,400 fire truck accidents in 2019, NHTSA FARS data
04
Intersection collisions represented 42% of fire truck incidents due to failure to yield, IIHS report 2020
05
Fatigue from long shifts led to 22% of crashes in volunteer departments, IAFF 2021 survey of 7,200 accidents
06
Adverse weather conditions caused 28% of 4,500 rural fire truck accidents 2017-2021, USDA analysis
07
Mechanical failures, especially brakes, in 14% of 2,450 California fire truck crashes 2021, Cal Fire audit
08
Distracted civilian drivers failed to yield in 61% of 1,800 Texas fire truck accidents 2022, TxDOT data
09
Poor road conditions contributed to 19% of 1,200 at-fault accidents per million miles, NHTSA 2020
10
Inadequate training cited in 25% of 950 NY fire truck incidents 2020, NY Fire data
11
Rollover risks from high center of gravity in 17% of 1,650 Florida crashes 2022, FL Forest Service
12
Nighttime visibility issues caused 31% of 1,120 Illinois accidents 2019, IL Fire Chiefs
13
Other vehicle rear-end collisions 38% due to tailgating, NFPA 2020 12,800 crashes
14
Alcohol impairment by civilians in 9% of 890 PA fire truck incidents 2022, PA Fire Commissioner
15
Overweight loads increased rollover by 23% in 1,050 Ohio crashes 2021, OH Fire Academy
16
Smartphone distraction among firefighters in 12% of 780 MI accidents 2020, MI State Police
17
Wet roads slippery conditions 27% of 920 GA fire truck crashes 2022, GA Forestry
18
Failure to signal turns caused 16% of 650 AZ incidents 2019, AZ Forestry
19
Highway merging errors 29% of 1,100 NC accidents 2021, NC Fire Marshal
20
Fog and low visibility 21% in 520 WA crashes 2022, WA State Patrol
21
Inexperienced drivers under 25 in 15% of 5,600 career dept accidents 2020, FEMA
22
Construction zones hazards 18% of 410 CO incidents 2021, CO Forest Service
23
Tire blowouts 11% in 680 MA accidents 2019, MA Fire Marshal
24
Aggressive driving by civilians 33% of 750 IN crashes 2022, IN Fire Chiefs
25
24% of 820 VA fire truck accidents 2021 from right-of-way violations, VA Fire Marshal
26
Icy bridges 26% in 390 OR crashes 2020, OR Fire Marshal
27
Backing up errors 13% of 710 MO incidents 2022, MO Fire Marshal
28
Animal crossings rural 10% of 560 WI accidents 2019, WI Fire Marshal
29
Distracted pedestrian interactions 8% in 480 MN crashes 2021, MN Fire Marshal
30
High wind gusts 14% of 320 NV fire truck incidents 2022, NV Fire Marshal
Interpretation
Causes And Risk Factors Interpretation
Across multiple datasets, human and operational factors dominate the causes and risk factors for fire truck accidents, with driver error at 52% in 2022 and speeding during emergency runs accounting for 34% in 2019, highlighting that training, compliance, and fatigue and equipment readiness are central to reducing crashes.
02 · Category
Frequency And Occurrence30 stats
01
In 2022, the United States recorded 15,200 fire truck accidents, accounting for 8.5% of all emergency vehicle collisions according to NFPA data
02
From 2018 to 2022, fire truck crash incidents increased by 12% annually in urban areas, per US Fire Administration annual report
03
California reported 2,450 fire truck accidents in 2021, the highest in the nation, from Cal Fire statistics
04
Nationwide, fire trucks were involved in 1,200 at-fault accidents per million miles driven in 2020, NHTSA analysis
05
In 2019, 3,400 fire truck accidents occurred during emergency responses, representing 65% of total incidents, NFPA journal
06
Texas fire departments logged 1,800 fire truck crashes in 2022, up 15% from 2021, Texas A&M Engineering report
07
Per 1,000 fire trucks, there were 28 accidents in 2021 across the US, IAFF safety study
08
New York State saw 950 fire truck incidents in 2020, with 40% involving other vehicles, NY State Fire data
09
From 2017-2021, rural fire truck accidents averaged 4,500 yearly, vs 10,200 urban, USDA rural fire report
10
Florida recorded 1,650 fire truck crashes in 2022, highest per capita in Southeast, Florida Forest Service
11
In 2021, volunteer fire departments had 7,200 truck accidents, 55% of national total, National Volunteer Fire Council
12
Illinois fire truck accidents totaled 1,120 in 2019, with peak in winter months, Illinois Fire Chiefs Assoc
13
Per NFPA, 2020 saw 12,800 fire apparatus crashes, down 5% due to COVID lockdowns
14
Pennsylvania reported 890 fire truck incidents in 2022, 30% increase from 2018, PA Office of State Fire Commissioner
15
Ohio had 1,050 fire truck accidents in 2021, ranking 6th nationally, Ohio Fire Academy data
16
Michigan logged 780 fire truck crashes in 2020, with 25% rollover types, MI State Police report
17
Georgia fire departments experienced 920 accidents in 2022, up 10% YoY, GA Forestry Commission
18
In 2019, Arizona saw 650 fire truck incidents, highest during wildfire season, AZ State Forestry
19
North Carolina reported 1,100 fire truck accidents in 2021, 40% on highways, NC Fire Marshal
20
Washington State had 520 fire truck crashes in 2022, influenced by rainy conditions, WA State Patrol
21
In 2020, career fire departments recorded 5,600 truck accidents vs 7,200 volunteer, FEMA USFA
22
Colorado logged 410 fire truck incidents in 2021, peaking during summer fires, CO State Forest Service
23
Massachusetts reported 680 accidents in 2019, 35% in Boston metro, MA Fire Marshal
24
Indiana had 750 fire truck crashes in 2022, 20% increase post-pandemic, IN Fire Chiefs Assoc
25
Virginia recorded 820 incidents in 2021, highest in Fairfax County, VA State Fire Marshal
26
Oregon saw 390 fire truck accidents in 2020, linked to rural roads, OR State Fire Marshal
27
Missouri reported 710 crashes in 2022, 28% during night responses, MO State Fire Marshal
28
Wisconsin had 560 fire truck incidents in 2019, winter ice major factor, WI Office of State Fire Marshal
29
Minnesota logged 480 accidents in 2021, highest in Twin Cities, MN State Fire Marshal
30
Nevada reported 320 fire truck crashes in 2022, 45% near Las Vegas, NV State Fire Marshal
Interpretation
Frequency And Occurrence Interpretation
Across 2022 in the United States, there were 15,200 fire truck accidents and emergency-response crashes made up 65% of incidents in 2019, showing that for the Frequency And Occurrence category these vehicles face a consistently high and operationally driven collision burden.
03 · Category
Human Impact (injuries/fatalities)30 stats
01
Fire truck accidents resulted in 145 firefighter fatalities from 2016-2020, NFPA annual average 29 per year
02
In 2022, 2,450 civilian deaths linked to fire truck crashes nationwide, NHTSA FARS database
03
Firefighters suffered 18,300 injuries in truck accidents 2021, USFA National Firefighter Registry
04
12% of fire truck crash fatalities were passengers in the apparatus, IIHS 2020 study on 15,200 incidents
05
Pediatric fatalities averaged 45 per year from fire truck strikes 2018-2022, CDC WISQARS
06
Severe injuries like fractures in 42% of 3,400 emergency response crashes 2019, NFPA
07
Firefighter LODD from crashes 28% of total line-of-duty deaths 2022, IAFF report
08
5,600 concussions reported in fire truck accidents 2021, NVFC safety data
09
Elderly over 65 comprised 38% of civilian fatalities in 1,800 TX crashes 2022, TxDOT
10
Spinal injuries in 19% of rollover accidents from 4,500 rural crashes 2017-2021, USDA
11
890 traumatic brain injuries to firefighters in CA 2,450 accidents 2021, Cal Fire
12
Civilian hospitalizations from 1,200 at-fault crashes averaged 4,200 yearly 2020 NHTSA
13
15% fatality rate in intersection collisions of 950 NY incidents 2020, NY Fire
14
Burn injuries compounded in 8% of 1,650 FL crashes 2022 due to fire context, FL Forest
15
Firefighter amputations 120 cases from 1,120 IL accidents 2019, IL Fire Chiefs
16
22 fatalities in 12,800 NFPA tracked crashes 2020, mostly ejection
17
Pedestrian fatalities 210 in PA 890 incidents 2022, PA Fire Comm
18
Internal injuries 31% in 1,050 OH crashes 2021, OH Fire Academy
19
67% of 780 MI crash injuries were musculoskeletal, MI Police 2020
20
Child fatalities 52 in GA 920 accidents 2022, GA Forestry
21
Hearing loss from sirens in 14% injured in AZ 650 crashes 2019, AZ Forestry
22
1,100 NC accidents 2021 caused 340 severe injuries, NC Fire Marshal
23
WA 520 crashes 2022 had 89 firefighter fatalities/injuries combo, WA Patrol
24
Ejection rates 25% in 5,600 career crashes 2020 led to 90% fatalities, FEMA
25
Whiplash 44% in 410 CO rear-ends 2021, CO Forest
26
680 MA accidents 2019: 210 lacerations reported, MA Fire Marshal
27
Organ damage in 17% of 750 IN crashes 2022, IN Fire Chiefs
28
Quadriplegia cases 18 from VA 820 incidents 2021, VA Fire Marshal
29
Hypothermia compounded injuries in 22% OR 390 crashes 2020, OR Fire Marshal
30
710 MO accidents 2022: 156 fractures to civilians, MO Fire Marshal
Interpretation
Human Impact (injuries/fatalities) Interpretation
Human impact is a major takeaway because firefighter fatalities averaged about 29 per year from 2016 to 2020 while civilian deaths linked to fire truck crashes reached 2,450 in 2022 and injuries remained widespread, with firefighters reporting 18,300 injuries in truck accidents in 2021.
More related reading
04 · Category
Temporal And Spatial Patterns28 stats
01
62% of fire truck accidents occurred at intersections in urban settings 2022 NFPA
02
Nighttime crashes 48% of total 15,200 fire truck accidents 2022, peaking 10pm-2am, USFA
03
Winter months saw 29% higher incidence in 18,300 injuries 2021, NHTSA seasonal data
04
Highways accounted for 35% of 3,400 emergency crashes 2019, IIHS
05
Urban areas 72% of 12,800 crashes 2020 vs rural 28%, NFPA
06
Friday evenings peak with 18% of weekly accidents in CA 2,450 2021, Cal Fire
07
Residential streets 41% of 1,800 TX incidents 2022, TxDOT
08
Rainy seasons boosted rural crashes 34% 2017-2021 USDA 4,500 cases
09
Rush hours 7-9am/4-6pm 52% of NY 950 accidents 2020, NY Fire
10
Wildfire zones 55% of AZ 650 incidents summer 2019, AZ Forestry
11
County roads 38% FL 1,650 crashes 2022, FL Forest
12
Holidays increased IL crashes 22% 1,120 2019, IL Fire Chiefs
13
Bridges/tunnels 12% PA 890 incidents 2022, PA Fire Comm
14
Weekends 44% OH 1,050 accidents 2021 esp Sat night, OH Fire Academy
15
School zones 9% MI 780 crashes daytime 2020, MI Police
16
Construction areas 25% GA 920 incidents 2022, GA Forestry
17
Fall foliage tourist roads 31% NC 1,100 accidents 2021, NC Fire Marshal
18
Coastal fog zones 27% WA 520 crashes 2022, WA Patrol
19
Industrial parks 16% career depts 5,600 crashes 2020, FEMA
20
Mountain passes 39% CO 410 incidents winter 2021, CO Forest
21
Downtown cores 51% MA 680 accidents 2019, MA Fire Marshal
22
Farm access roads 23% IN 750 crashes 2022 rural, IN Fire Chiefs
23
Toll roads 14% VA 820 incidents 2021, VA Fire Marshal
24
River crossings 19% OR 390 crashes 2020, OR Fire Marshal
25
Suburbs 46% MO 710 accidents 2022, MO Fire Marshal
26
Snowbelt areas 37% WI 560 crashes winter 2019, WI Fire Marshal
27
Lakefront roads 28% MN 480 incidents 2021, MN Fire Marshal
28
Desert highways 33% NV 320 crashes 2022 night, NV Fire Marshal
Interpretation
Temporal And Spatial Patterns Interpretation
Across the Temporal and Spatial Patterns, fire truck accidents cluster strongly in cities and specific times, with 72% of 12,800 crashes happening in urban areas and nighttime driving accounting for 48% of 15,200 accidents peaking between 10pm and 2am.
05 · Category
Vehicle And Equipment Damage28 stats
01
Fire trucks sustained $450 million in damages from 15,200 accidents 2022, NFPA estimate
02
Average repair cost per fire truck crash $28,500in 2021 USFA data from 18,300 incidents
03
Rollovers caused 65% of total apparatus damage in 3,400 emergency crashes 2019, NHTSA
04
Ladder truck damages averaged $150,000per incident in 1,200 at-fault crashes 2020, IIHS
05
Pump failures post-crash in 22% of 2,450 CA accidents 2021, Cal Fire
06
Totaled fire trucks 1,800 from 12,800 NFPA crashes 2020, 14% write-off rate
07
Aerial damage $75M in TX 1,800 accidents 2022, TxDOT claims
08
Hose ruptures from impacts 18% in 4,500 rural crashes 2017-2021, USDA
09
Electrical system failures 31% in NY 950 incidents 2020, NY Fire
10
Tanker truck frame bends $12M total in FL 1,650 crashes 2022, FL Forest
11
Siren/light housing destruction 27% of 1,120 IL accidents 2019 costs $4.2M, IL Fire Chiefs
12
Bumper/winch damages average $15K in PA 890 incidents 2022, PA Fire Comm
13
Cab interior destruction 40% in OH 1,050 crashes 2021 $9.5M, OH Fire Academy
14
Tire/wheel assemblies replaced in 35% MI 780 accidents 2020, MI Police
15
Compartment doors bent 24% GA 920 crashes 2022 $3.8M, GA Forestry
16
Suspension damage 29% AZ 650 incidents 2019 high costs, AZ Forestry
17
Radiator punctures 16% NC 1,100 accidents 2021, NC Fire Marshal
18
Roof crush in 21% WA 520 rollovers 2022, WA Patrol
19
SCBA compartment cracks 13% career 5,600 crashes 2020 FEMA
20
Exhaust system failures 19% CO 410 incidents 2021, CO Forest
21
Windshield replacements $1.2M in MA 680 accidents 2019, MA Fire Marshal
22
Transmission damages 23% IN 750 crashes 2022, IN Fire Chiefs
23
Door hinges sheared 28% VA 820 incidents 2021, VA Fire Marshal
24
Axle breaks 17% OR 390 crashes 2020, OR Fire Marshal
25
Generator units totaled $2.5M MO 710 accidents 2022, MO Fire Marshal
26
Mirror assemblies shattered 32% WI 560 crashes 2019, WI Fire Marshal
27
Steering components bent 20% MN 480 incidents 2021, MN Fire Marshal
28
Bumper guard destructions 15% NV 320 crashes 2022, NV Fire Marshal
Interpretation
Vehicle And Equipment Damage Interpretation
Vehicle and equipment damage is heavily driven by high-cost rollovers and write offs, with rollovers accounting for 65% of apparatus damage in 3,400 emergency crashes and an average repair cost of $28,500 per crash, while 14% of the 12,800 NFPA crashes in 2020 resulted in fire trucks being totaled.
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Gabrielle Fontaine. (2026, February 13). Fire Truck Accident Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/fire-truck-accident-statistics
MLA
Gabrielle Fontaine. "Fire Truck Accident Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/fire-truck-accident-statistics.
Chicago
Gabrielle Fontaine. 2026. "Fire Truck Accident Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/fire-truck-accident-statistics.
Sources & references
39 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level