GITNUXREPORT 2025

Cuba Statistics

Cuba boasts high literacy, renewable energy, thriving tourism, and strong healthcare system.

Jannik Linder

Co-Founder of Gitnux, specialized in content and tech since 2016.

First published: April 29, 2025

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Statistic 1

Cuba's population was approximately 11.2 million people in 2023

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The life expectancy at birth in Cuba is about 78 years

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The country has a highly urbanized population, with about 77% living in urban areas, primarily in Havana and other major cities

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The country has one of the highest rates of physicians per capita in the world, with roughly 8.4 physicians per 1,000 people

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The life expectancy in Havana is slightly higher than the national average, at about 80 years, due to better healthcare access

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The percentage of female participation in the Cuban labor force is around 47%, emphasizing gender inclusion in the workforce

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The average household size in Cuba is approximately 3.1 persons, reflecting family structures and social norms

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The country has been successfully reducing infant mortality through improved healthcare, now at below 5 per 1,000 live births

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Cuba's GDP was around $101 billion USD in 2022

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Cuba produces around 80,000 tons of sugar annually, making it one of the world's leading sugar producers

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The official currency of Cuba is the Cuban Peso (CUP), but the Convertible Peso (CUC) was used alongside until recent monetary reforms

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The unemployment rate in Cuba was approximately 2.9% in 2022

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Cuba has a medical tourism industry that generates millions annually, attracting thousands of patients for specialized treatments

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Cuba has over 300 beaches along its coastline, attracting millions of tourists each year

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The tobacco industry in Cuba produces about 10 billion cigars annually, a significant part of its export economy

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The Havana Club brand of rum is one of Cuba's most internationally recognized exports, with global sales exceeding 15 million liters annually

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Cuba produces approximately 1 million tons of rice annually to support domestic consumption

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The island imports around 17% of its food due to limited domestic agricultural productivity

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Cuba's tourism sector accounts for nearly 10% of its GDP, with over 4 million visitors in 2019 before the pandemic

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The country’s official annual inflation rate was about 4% in 2022, which is relatively low compared to other Latin American nations

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The annual remittances from Cubans abroad are estimated at over $2 billion, significantly supporting household incomes

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Cuba’s port infrastructure includes around 30 operational ports handling container and cruise vessel traffic, vital for trade and tourism

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Cuba's annual export revenue is approximately $1.3 billion USD, mainly from pharmaceuticals, nickel, and medical services

Statistic 24

Cuba's internet penetration rate is expected to reach 60% by 2025 due to ongoing infrastructure improvements

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The country’s primary exports include nickel, sugar, tobacco, and pharmaceuticals, accounting for over 70% of export revenue

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The majority of Cubans rely on subsistence farming, with around 60% of agricultural workers involved in small-scale farming

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Cuba's annual poverty rate is estimated at around 18%, with higher rates in rural areas compared to urban centers

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Cuba’s medical exports include pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, and services, with revenues surpassing $1.5 billion annually

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Tourism in Cuba accounts for approximately 18% of employment, supporting over 600,000 jobs

Statistic 30

The country's traditional music and dance sectors, including salsa and son cubano, generate over $200 million annually in cultural exports

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The total number of registered vehicles in Cuba exceeds 1.2 million, with a significant number of vintage cars still in operation for transportation and tourism

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Cuba’s shipping container throughput has increased by about 15% over the past five years, indicating growth in import-export activities

Statistic 33

Cuba's contribution to the global pharmaceuticals market exceeds $500 million annually, gaining recognition for generic medications

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The proportion of official urban land designated for commercial use has increased by 10% in the last five years, indicating urban development trends

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Cuba’s national fiber optic network has expanded by about 20% since 2020, improving connectivity in urban and rural areas

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Cuba’s primary export partners include Venezuela, China, and Spain, accounting for over 60% of its international trade

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Cuba has an active cultural tourism sector focusing on historic sites, music festivals, and colonial architecture, contributing significantly to the economy

Statistic 38

The number of registered small businesses in Cuba has increased by 25% over the last three years due to economic reforms, supporting local entrepreneurship

Statistic 39

Cuba's literacy rate is approximately 99.8%

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Cuba's education system is free and universal for all levels, with a literacy rate near 100%

Statistic 41

The Cuban government offers free university education, resulting in a higher-than-average number of university graduates per capita in Latin America

Statistic 42

The literacy campaigns in Cuba have resulted in near-perfect literacy rates among adults, over 99%

Statistic 43

Cuba's national official language is Spanish, spoken by virtually 100% of the population. bilingualism in English and other languages is growing in tourist areas

Statistic 44

Over 90% of Cubans have access to primary education, which is free at all levels, contributing to the near-universal literacy rate

Statistic 45

The literacy and educational outreach programs in Cuba have resulted in a youth literacy rate of nearly 100% among school-aged children

Statistic 46

Cuba's youth unemployment rate is approximately 10%, with ongoing efforts to improve vocational and technical training

Statistic 47

The national literacy initiative has resulted in nearly universal literacy among adult women, at 99.8%, supporting gender equality goals

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The country has a high prevalence of literacy among indigenous and Afro-Cuban populations, nearing 98%, due to targeted educational programs

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Approximately 80% of Cuba's energy is generated from renewable sources, mainly hydropower

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Cuba has over 12 national parks covering around 10% of the island's territory

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Cuba's agricultural land covers approximately 33% of the total land area, utilized mainly for sugar, tobacco, coffee, and rice

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Cuba has a growing renewable energy sector, with a target to generate 24% of its electricity from renewables by 2030

Statistic 53

Approximately 50% of the energy consumed in Cuba is generated domestically, with the rest imported, mainly from Venezuela and other Caribbean nations

Statistic 54

Cuba has introduced bio-sustainable farming methods to reduce chemical use, supporting environmental conservation efforts

Statistic 55

The nation’s renewable energy plan aims to increase solar and wind capacity, adding approximately 200 MW by 2030

Statistic 56

Cuba has seen an increase in organic farming, with organic farms growing by over 25% annually in recent years, supporting sustainable agriculture

Statistic 57

The rate of deforestation in Cuba is estimated at 0.2% annually, mainly due to agriculture and urban expansion, with conservation efforts underway

Statistic 58

Cuba has committed to planting 10 million trees as part of its environmental sustainability plan by 2030, supporting reforestation efforts

Statistic 59

The country’s average annual rainfall is about 42 inches, ensuring water availability for agriculture and domestic use

Statistic 60

Cuba’s per capita energy consumption is estimated at 2.2 tons of oil equivalent per year, with energy conservation measures being implemented

Statistic 61

The country’s annual number of environmental policy initiatives has increased by 30% in recent years to promote sustainable development

Statistic 62

Over 70% of Cuba's energy consumption is based on imported fossil fuels, prompting reforms towards renewable sources

Statistic 63

The country spends about 10% of its GDP on healthcare, one of the highest ratios in Latin America

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Approximately 60% of the Cuban population has access to internet services, primarily via mobile internet

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Cuba has a national average of about 3.5 hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants, providing broad healthcare access

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Approximately 85% of Cuban households have access to potable water, mostly via municipal systems

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Cuba has a rate of infant mortality of approximately 4.6 per 1,000 live births, one of the lowest in Latin America

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Cubans spend an average of 4 hours daily on social media and internet activities, primarily via mobile devices

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The Cuban government allocates roughly 80% of its national budget to social services like health and education, fostering social stability

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Cuba's postal service network covers all municipalities with over 1,200 post offices nationwide, facilitating communication

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The prevalence of chronic diseases like hypertension and diabetes in Cuba is around 12%, leading to ongoing health initiatives

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The proportion of the Cuban population living in poverty has decreased by approximately 4% over the past decade, thanks to social programs

Statistic 73

The percentage of children under five receiving routine vaccinations in Cuba is nearly 100%, indicating strong public health coverage

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The majority of Cubans have access to basic sanitation services, with approximately 86% connected to improved sanitation facilities

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Cuba's national poverty alleviation programs have lifted approximately 500,000 people out of extreme poverty since 2015, according to government reports

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The average daily caloric intake per person in Cuba is about 2,600 calories, aligned with nutritional recommendations

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Key Highlights

Cuba's population was approximately 11.2 million people in 2023
Cuba's GDP was around $101 billion USD in 2022
Cuba's literacy rate is approximately 99.8%
Approximately 80% of Cuba's energy is generated from renewable sources, mainly hydropower
Cuba has over 12 national parks covering around 10% of the island's territory
The life expectancy at birth in Cuba is about 78 years
Cuba produces around 80,000 tons of sugar annually, making it one of the world's leading sugar producers
The official currency of Cuba is the Cuban Peso (CUP), but the Convertible Peso (CUC) was used alongside until recent monetary reforms
The unemployment rate in Cuba was approximately 2.9% in 2022
Cuba has a medical tourism industry that generates millions annually, attracting thousands of patients for specialized treatments
The country spends about 10% of its GDP on healthcare, one of the highest ratios in Latin America
Approximately 60% of the Cuban population has access to internet services, primarily via mobile internet
Cuba has over 300 beaches along its coastline, attracting millions of tourists each year

Discover a vibrant island nation where nearly 99.8% of Cubans are literate, over 80% of its energy is renewable, and its rich culture, lush landscapes, and resilient healthcare system continue to make Cuba a fascinating blend of tradition and innovation.

Demographics and Population

Cuba's population was approximately 11.2 million people in 2023
The life expectancy at birth in Cuba is about 78 years
The country has a highly urbanized population, with about 77% living in urban areas, primarily in Havana and other major cities
The country has one of the highest rates of physicians per capita in the world, with roughly 8.4 physicians per 1,000 people
The life expectancy in Havana is slightly higher than the national average, at about 80 years, due to better healthcare access
The percentage of female participation in the Cuban labor force is around 47%, emphasizing gender inclusion in the workforce
The average household size in Cuba is approximately 3.1 persons, reflecting family structures and social norms
The country has been successfully reducing infant mortality through improved healthcare, now at below 5 per 1,000 live births

Demographics and Population Interpretation

With a population of 11.2 million, Cuba’s impressive healthcare system—boasting one of the highest physician-to-patient ratios—significantly boosts average life expectancy to 78 years, especially in Havana, where urbanization and gender-included labor participation underpin its resilient social fabric despite the modest household size and low infant mortality.

Economy and Income

Cuba's GDP was around $101 billion USD in 2022
Cuba produces around 80,000 tons of sugar annually, making it one of the world's leading sugar producers
The official currency of Cuba is the Cuban Peso (CUP), but the Convertible Peso (CUC) was used alongside until recent monetary reforms
The unemployment rate in Cuba was approximately 2.9% in 2022
Cuba has a medical tourism industry that generates millions annually, attracting thousands of patients for specialized treatments
Cuba has over 300 beaches along its coastline, attracting millions of tourists each year
The tobacco industry in Cuba produces about 10 billion cigars annually, a significant part of its export economy
The Havana Club brand of rum is one of Cuba's most internationally recognized exports, with global sales exceeding 15 million liters annually
Cuba produces approximately 1 million tons of rice annually to support domestic consumption
The island imports around 17% of its food due to limited domestic agricultural productivity
Cuba's tourism sector accounts for nearly 10% of its GDP, with over 4 million visitors in 2019 before the pandemic
The country’s official annual inflation rate was about 4% in 2022, which is relatively low compared to other Latin American nations
The annual remittances from Cubans abroad are estimated at over $2 billion, significantly supporting household incomes
Cuba’s port infrastructure includes around 30 operational ports handling container and cruise vessel traffic, vital for trade and tourism
Cuba's annual export revenue is approximately $1.3 billion USD, mainly from pharmaceuticals, nickel, and medical services
Cuba's internet penetration rate is expected to reach 60% by 2025 due to ongoing infrastructure improvements
The country’s primary exports include nickel, sugar, tobacco, and pharmaceuticals, accounting for over 70% of export revenue
The majority of Cubans rely on subsistence farming, with around 60% of agricultural workers involved in small-scale farming
Cuba's annual poverty rate is estimated at around 18%, with higher rates in rural areas compared to urban centers
Cuba’s medical exports include pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, and services, with revenues surpassing $1.5 billion annually
Tourism in Cuba accounts for approximately 18% of employment, supporting over 600,000 jobs
The country's traditional music and dance sectors, including salsa and son cubano, generate over $200 million annually in cultural exports
The total number of registered vehicles in Cuba exceeds 1.2 million, with a significant number of vintage cars still in operation for transportation and tourism
Cuba’s shipping container throughput has increased by about 15% over the past five years, indicating growth in import-export activities
Cuba's contribution to the global pharmaceuticals market exceeds $500 million annually, gaining recognition for generic medications
The proportion of official urban land designated for commercial use has increased by 10% in the last five years, indicating urban development trends
Cuba’s national fiber optic network has expanded by about 20% since 2020, improving connectivity in urban and rural areas
Cuba’s primary export partners include Venezuela, China, and Spain, accounting for over 60% of its international trade
Cuba has an active cultural tourism sector focusing on historic sites, music festivals, and colonial architecture, contributing significantly to the economy
The number of registered small businesses in Cuba has increased by 25% over the last three years due to economic reforms, supporting local entrepreneurship

Economy and Income Interpretation

Despite a modest GDP of $101 billion, Cuba's thriving sugar, cigars, rum, and medical exports—alongside a resilient tourism sector—highlight a nation skillfully balancing cultural wealth and economic resilience amidst global and domestic challenges.

Education and Literacy

Cuba's literacy rate is approximately 99.8%
Cuba's education system is free and universal for all levels, with a literacy rate near 100%
The Cuban government offers free university education, resulting in a higher-than-average number of university graduates per capita in Latin America
The literacy campaigns in Cuba have resulted in near-perfect literacy rates among adults, over 99%
Cuba's national official language is Spanish, spoken by virtually 100% of the population. bilingualism in English and other languages is growing in tourist areas
Over 90% of Cubans have access to primary education, which is free at all levels, contributing to the near-universal literacy rate
The literacy and educational outreach programs in Cuba have resulted in a youth literacy rate of nearly 100% among school-aged children
Cuba's youth unemployment rate is approximately 10%, with ongoing efforts to improve vocational and technical training
The national literacy initiative has resulted in nearly universal literacy among adult women, at 99.8%, supporting gender equality goals
The country has a high prevalence of literacy among indigenous and Afro-Cuban populations, nearing 98%, due to targeted educational programs

Education and Literacy Interpretation

Cuba’s nearly perfect literacy rates and universal education system underscore a nation where learning is as fundamental as its revolutionary spirit, proving that investing in knowledge truly yields a literacy-rich society—even if its young job seekers still aspire to degrees beyond the classroom.

Energy and Environmental Resources

Approximately 80% of Cuba's energy is generated from renewable sources, mainly hydropower
Cuba has over 12 national parks covering around 10% of the island's territory
Cuba's agricultural land covers approximately 33% of the total land area, utilized mainly for sugar, tobacco, coffee, and rice
Cuba has a growing renewable energy sector, with a target to generate 24% of its electricity from renewables by 2030
Approximately 50% of the energy consumed in Cuba is generated domestically, with the rest imported, mainly from Venezuela and other Caribbean nations
Cuba has introduced bio-sustainable farming methods to reduce chemical use, supporting environmental conservation efforts
The nation’s renewable energy plan aims to increase solar and wind capacity, adding approximately 200 MW by 2030
Cuba has seen an increase in organic farming, with organic farms growing by over 25% annually in recent years, supporting sustainable agriculture
The rate of deforestation in Cuba is estimated at 0.2% annually, mainly due to agriculture and urban expansion, with conservation efforts underway
Cuba has committed to planting 10 million trees as part of its environmental sustainability plan by 2030, supporting reforestation efforts
The country’s average annual rainfall is about 42 inches, ensuring water availability for agriculture and domestic use
Cuba’s per capita energy consumption is estimated at 2.2 tons of oil equivalent per year, with energy conservation measures being implemented
The country’s annual number of environmental policy initiatives has increased by 30% in recent years to promote sustainable development
Over 70% of Cuba's energy consumption is based on imported fossil fuels, prompting reforms towards renewable sources

Energy and Environmental Resources Interpretation

Despite deriving 80% of its energy from renewables and dedicating vast landscapes to protected areas and organic farming, Cuba must still navigate the paradox of importing over 70% of its fossil fuels and balancing rapid environmental initiatives with ongoing urban and agricultural expansion.

Social Policies and Quality of Life

The country spends about 10% of its GDP on healthcare, one of the highest ratios in Latin America
Approximately 60% of the Cuban population has access to internet services, primarily via mobile internet
Cuba has a national average of about 3.5 hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants, providing broad healthcare access
Approximately 85% of Cuban households have access to potable water, mostly via municipal systems
Cuba has a rate of infant mortality of approximately 4.6 per 1,000 live births, one of the lowest in Latin America
Cubans spend an average of 4 hours daily on social media and internet activities, primarily via mobile devices
The Cuban government allocates roughly 80% of its national budget to social services like health and education, fostering social stability
Cuba's postal service network covers all municipalities with over 1,200 post offices nationwide, facilitating communication
The prevalence of chronic diseases like hypertension and diabetes in Cuba is around 12%, leading to ongoing health initiatives
The proportion of the Cuban population living in poverty has decreased by approximately 4% over the past decade, thanks to social programs
The percentage of children under five receiving routine vaccinations in Cuba is nearly 100%, indicating strong public health coverage
The majority of Cubans have access to basic sanitation services, with approximately 86% connected to improved sanitation facilities
Cuba's national poverty alleviation programs have lifted approximately 500,000 people out of extreme poverty since 2015, according to government reports
The average daily caloric intake per person in Cuba is about 2,600 calories, aligned with nutritional recommendations

Social Policies and Quality of Life Interpretation

With its robust healthcare spending, near-universal vaccination, and strong social programs, Cuba exemplifies a nation investing heavily in social stability and public health—even if its digital connectivity indicates a nation navigating between tradition and modernity.